- home
- Advanced Search
- Energy Research
- Energy Research
description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2023 United States, Switzerland, United States, Norway, United Kingdom, United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Germany, Germany, SpainPublisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:RCN | Infrastructure for Norweg..., EC | OceanPeak, EC | GOCART +4 projectsRCN| Infrastructure for Norwegian Earth System modelling ,EC| OceanPeak ,EC| GOCART ,NSF| STC: Center for Chemical Currencies of a Microbial Planet ,EC| 4C ,NSF| Quantifying mechanisms of variability in ocean CO2 uptake 1980-present ,EC| COMFORTDeVries, Tim; Yamamoto, Kana; Wanninkhof, Rik; Gruber, Nicolas; Hauck, Judith; Müller, Jens Daniel; Bopp, Laurent; Carroll, Dustin; Carter, Brendan; Chau, Thi‐Tuyet‐Trang; Doney, Scott C.; Gehlen, Marion; Gloege, Lucas; Gregor, Luke; Henson, Stephanie; Kim, Ji Hyun; Iida, Yosuke; Ilyina, Tatiana; Landschützer, Peter; Le Quéré, Corinne; Munro, David; Nissen, Cara; Patara, Lavinia; Pérez, Fiz F.; Resplandy, Laure; Rodgers, Keith B.; Schwinger, Jörg; Séférian, Roland; Sicardi, Valentina; Terhaar, Jens; Triñanes, Joaquin; Tsujino, Hiroyuki; Watson, Andrew; Yasunaka, Sayaka; Zeng, Jiye;AbstractThis contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985–2018, using a combination of models and observation‐based products. The mean sea‐air CO2 flux from 1985 to 2018 is −1.6 ± 0.2 PgC yr−1 based on an ensemble of reconstructions of the history of sea surface pCO2 (pCO2 products). Models indicate that the dominant component of this flux is the net oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, which is estimated at −2.1 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 by an ensemble of ocean biogeochemical models, and −2.4 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1 by two ocean circulation inverse models. The ocean also degasses about 0.65 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 of terrestrially derived CO2, but this process is not fully resolved by any of the models used here. From 2001 to 2018, the pCO2 products reconstruct a trend in the ocean carbon sink of −0.61 ± 0.12 PgC yr−1 decade−1, while biogeochemical models and inverse models diagnose an anthropogenic CO2‐driven trend of −0.34 ± 0.06 and −0.41 ± 0.03 PgC yr−1 decade−1, respectively. This implies a climate‐forced acceleration of the ocean carbon sink in recent decades, but there are still large uncertainties on the magnitude and cause of this trend. The interannual to decadal variability of the global carbon sink is mainly driven by climate variability, with the climate‐driven variability exceeding the CO2‐forced variability by 2–3 times. These results suggest that anthropogenic CO2 dominates the ocean CO2 sink, while climate‐driven variability is potentially large but highly uncertain and not consistently captured across different methods.
NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)NORCE vitenarkiv (Norwegian Research Centre)Article . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3158077Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)San José State University ScholarWorksArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSUArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAHAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: HAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2023Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2023Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerUniversité de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Global Biogeochemical CyclesArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalÉcole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023gb007780&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 32 citations 32 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
visibility 62visibility views 62 download downloads 163 Powered bymore_vert NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)NORCE vitenarkiv (Norwegian Research Centre)Article . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3158077Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)San José State University ScholarWorksArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSUArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAHAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: HAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2023Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2023Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerUniversité de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Global Biogeochemical CyclesArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalÉcole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023gb007780&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2023Publisher:OpenAlex Malte Meinshausen; Carl‐Friedrich Schleussner; Kathleen Beyer; G. E. Bodeker; Oliviér Boucher; Josep G. Canadell; J. S. Daniel; Aïda Diongue‐Niang; Fatima Driouech; Erich M. Fischer; Piers M. Forster; Michael Grose; Gerrit Hansen; Zeke Hausfather; Tatiana Ilyina; Jarmo Kikstra; Joyce Kimutai; Andrew D. King; June‐Yi Lee; Chris Lennard; Tabea Lissner; Alexander Nauels; Glen P. Peters; Anna Pirani; Gian‐Kasper Plattner; Hans O. Pörtner; Joeri Rogelj; Maisa Rojas; Joyashree Roy; B. H. Samset; Benjamin M. Sanderson; Roland Séférian; Sonia I. Seneviratne; Chris Smith; Sophie Szopa; Adelle Thomas; Diana Ürge-Vorsatz; G. J. M. Velders; Tokuta Yokohata; Tilo Ziehn; Zebedee Nicholls;Résumé. Dans chaque cycle d'évaluation du GIEC, une multitude de scénarios sont évalués, avec une portée et une importance différentes dans les différents groupes de travail et rapports spéciaux et leurs chapitres respectifs. Dans les rapports, l'ambition est d'intégrer les connaissances sur les futurs climatiques possibles dans les groupes de travail et les domaines de recherche scientifique sur la base d'un petit ensemble de « voies de cadrage », telles que les voies dites RCP du cinquième rapport d'évaluation du GIEC (AR5) et les scénarios SSP-RCP dans le sixième rapport d'évaluation (AR6). Cette perspective, initiée par les discussions lors de l'atelier du GIEC à Bangkok en avril 2023 sur « l'utilisation des scénarios dans le RE6 et les évaluations ultérieures », est destinée à servir d'une des contributions de la communauté pour mettre en évidence les besoins pour la prochaine génération de voies de cadrage qui est avancée sous l'égide du CMIP pour une utilisation dans le RE7 du GIEC. Ici, nous suggérons un certain nombre d'objectifs de recherche politique qu'un tel ensemble de voies d'encadrement devrait idéalement remplir, y compris les besoins d'atténuation pour atteindre les objectifs de l'Accord de Paris, les risques associés aux stratégies d'élimination du carbone, les conséquences du retard dans la mise en œuvre de cette atténuation, des conseils pour les besoins d'adaptation, les pertes et les dommages, et pour la réalisation de l'atténuation dans le contexte plus large des objectifs de développement sociétal. Sur la base de ce contexte, nous suggérons que la prochaine génération de scénarios climatiques pour les modèles du système terrestre évolue vers des « voies d'émission représentatives » (REP) et suggérons des catégories clés pour ces voies. Ces « voies d'encadrement » devraient répondre aux besoins les plus critiques en matière de politique d'atténuation et d'adaptation au cours des 5 à 10 prochaines années. À notre avis, les catégories les plus importantes sont celles qui sont pertinentes dans le contexte de l'objectif à long terme de l'Accord de Paris, en particulier une action immédiate (dépassement faible) de 1,5 °C et une action retardée (dépassement élevé) de 1,5 °C. Deux autres catégories clés sont une catégorie de trajectoire approximativement conforme aux objectifs politiques actuels (tels qu'exprimés d'ici 2023) à court et à long terme, et une catégorie d'émissions plus élevées qui est approximativement conforme aux « politiques actuelles » (telles qu'exprimées d'ici 2023). Nous plaidons également en faveur de la pertinence scientifique et politique de l'exploration de deux « mondes qui auraient pu l'être ». L'une de ces catégories a des trajectoires d'émissions élevées bien au-dessus de ce que les politiques actuelles impliquent, et l'autre a des trajectoires d'émissions très faibles qui supposent que les mesures d'atténuation mondiales visant à limiter le réchauffement à 1,5 °C sans dépassement ont commencé en 2015. Enfin, nous notons que la fourniture en temps opportun de nouvelles informations scientifiques sur les voies est essentielle pour éclairer l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre de la politique climatique. Pour le deuxième bilan mondial dans le cadre de l'Accord de Paris en 2028, et pour éclairer le développement ultérieur des contributions déterminées au niveau national (CDN) jusqu'en 2040, des contributions scientifiques sont nécessaires bien avant 2028. Ces besoins doivent être soigneusement pris en compte dans le calendrier d'élaboration des activités de modélisation communautaire, y compris celles menées dans le cadre du CMIP7. Resumen. En cada ciclo de Evaluación del IPCC, se evalúan una multitud de escenarios, con diferentes alcances y énfasis a lo largo de los diversos Grupos de Trabajo e Informes Especiales y sus respectivos capítulos. Dentro de los informes, la ambición es integrar el conocimiento sobre posibles futuros climáticos en los Grupos de Trabajo y los dominios de investigación científica basados en un pequeño conjunto de "vías de encuadre", como las llamadas vías RCP del Quinto Informe de Evaluación del IPCC (AR5) y los escenarios SSP-RCP en el Sexto Informe de Evaluación (AR6). Esta perspectiva, iniciada por las discusiones en el taller del IPCC en Bangkok en abril de 2023 sobre el "Uso de escenarios en el IE6 y evaluaciones posteriores", pretende servir como una de las contribuciones de la comunidad para resaltar las necesidades de la próxima generación de vías de encuadre que se está avanzando bajo el paraguas del CMIP para su uso en el IE7 del IPCC. Aquí sugerimos una serie de objetivos de investigación de políticas que ese conjunto de vías de encuadre debería cumplir idealmente, incluidas las necesidades de mitigación para cumplir los objetivos del Acuerdo de París, los riesgos asociados con las estrategias de eliminación de carbono, las consecuencias del retraso en la promulgación de esa mitigación, la orientación para las necesidades de adaptación, las pérdidas y los daños, y para lograr la mitigación en el contexto más amplio de los objetivos de desarrollo social. Con base en este contexto, sugerimos que la próxima generación de escenarios climáticos para los Modelos del Sistema Terrestre evolucione hacia 'Vías de Emisión Representativas' (REP) y sugerimos categorías clave para tales vías. Estas "vías de encuadre" deberían abordar las políticas de mitigación y las necesidades de adaptación más críticas en los próximos 5–10 años. En nuestra opinión, las categorías más importantes son las relevantes en el contexto del objetivo a largo plazo del Acuerdo de París, específicamente una vía de acción inmediata (sobrepaso bajo) de 1,5 °C y una vía de acción retardada (sobrepaso alto) de 1,5 °C. Otras dos categorías clave son una categoría de vía aproximadamente en línea con los objetivos políticos actuales (expresados para 2023) a corto y largo plazo, y una categoría de emisiones más altas que está aproximadamente en línea con las "políticas actuales" (expresadas para 2023). También defendemos la relevancia científica y política de explorar dos "mundos que podrían haber sido". Una de estas categorías tiene trayectorias de altas emisiones muy por encima de lo que implican las políticas actuales, y la otra tiene trayectorias de muy bajas emisiones que asumen que la acción de mitigación global en línea con la limitación del calentamiento a 1.5 ° C sin sobrepasar había comenzado en 2015. Finalmente, observamos que el suministro oportuno de nueva información científica sobre las vías es fundamental para informar el desarrollo y la implementación de la política climática. Para el segundo Balance Global bajo el Acuerdo de París en 2028, y para informar el desarrollo posterior de las Contribuciones Determinadas a Nivel Nacional (NDC) hasta 2040, se requieren insumos científicos mucho antes de 2028. Estas necesidades deben considerarse cuidadosamente en el cronograma de desarrollo de las actividades de modelado comunitario, incluidas las del CMIP7. Abstract. In every IPCC Assessment cycle, a multitude of scenarios are assessed, with different scope and emphasis throughout the various Working Group and Special Reports and their respective chapters. Within the reports, the ambition is to integrate knowledge on possible climate futures across the Working Groups and scientific research domains based on a small set of ‘framing pathways’, such as the so-called RCP pathways from the Fifth IPCC Assessment report (AR5) and the SSP-RCP scenarios in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). This perspective, initiated by discussions at the IPCC Bangkok workshop in April 2023 on the “Use of Scenarios in AR6 and Subsequent Assessments”, is intended to serve as one of the community contributions to highlight needs for the next generation of framing pathways that is being advanced under the CMIP umbrella for use in the IPCC AR7. Here we suggest a number of policy research objectives that such a set of framing pathways should ideally fulfil, including mitigation needs for meeting the Paris Agreement objectives, the risks associated with carbon removal strategies, the consequences of delay in enacting that mitigation, guidance for adaptation needs, loss and damage, and for achieving mitigation in the wider context of Societal Development goals. Based on this context we suggest that the next generation of climate scenarios for Earth System Models should evolve towards ‘Representative Emission Pathways’ (REPs) and suggest key categories for such pathways. These ‘framing pathways’ should address the most critical mitigation policy and adaptation needs over the next 5–10 years. In our view the most important categories are those relevant in the context of the Paris Agreement long-term goal, specifically an immediate action (low overshoot) 1.5 °C pathway, and a delayed action (high overshoot) 1.5 °C pathway. Two other key categories are a pathway category approximately in line with current (as expressed by 2023) near- and long-term policy objectives, and a higher emissions category that is approximately in line with “current policies” (as expressed by 2023). We also argue for the scientific and policy relevance in exploring two ‘worlds that could have been’. One of these categories has high emission trajectories well above what is implied by current policies, and the other has very low emission trajectories that assume that global mitigation action in line with limiting warming to 1.5 °C without overshoot had begun in 2015. Finally, we note that timely provision of new scientific information on pathways is critical to inform the development and implementation of climate policy. For the second Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2028, and to inform subsequent development of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) up to 2040, scientific inputs are required well before 2028. These needs should be carefully considered in the development timeline of community modelling activities including those under CMIP7. الملخص. في كل دورة تقييم للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ، يتم تقييم العديد من السيناريوهات، مع نطاق وتركيز مختلفين في مختلف مجموعات العمل والتقارير الخاصة وفصولها. ضمن التقارير، يتمثل الطموح في دمج المعرفة حول المستقبل المناخي المحتمل عبر مجموعات العمل ومجالات البحث العلمي بناءً على مجموعة صغيرة من "مسارات التأطير"، مثل ما يسمى مسارات RCP من تقرير التقييم الخامس للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ (AR5) وسيناريوهات SSP - RCP في تقرير التقييم السادس (AR6). يهدف هذا المنظور، الذي بدأته المناقشات في ورشة عمل الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ في بانكوك في أبريل 2023 حول "استخدام السيناريوهات في التقرير التقييمي السادس والتقييمات اللاحقة"، إلى أن يكون أحد مساهمات المجتمع لتسليط الضوء على احتياجات الجيل القادم من مسارات التأطير التي يتم تطويرها تحت مظلة الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ لاستخدامها في التقرير التقييمي السابع للفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ. نقترح هنا عددًا من أهداف أبحاث السياسات التي يجب أن تلبيها مجموعة مسارات التأطير هذه بشكل مثالي، بما في ذلك احتياجات التخفيف لتحقيق أهداف اتفاق باريس، والمخاطر المرتبطة باستراتيجيات إزالة الكربون، وعواقب التأخير في سن هذا التخفيف، وتوجيه احتياجات التكيف، والخسائر والأضرار، ولتحقيق التخفيف في السياق الأوسع لأهداف التنمية المجتمعية. بناءً على هذا السياق، نقترح أن يتطور الجيل التالي من سيناريوهات المناخ لنماذج النظام الأرضي نحو "مسارات الانبعاثات التمثيلية" (REPs) واقتراح الفئات الرئيسية لمثل هذه المسارات. يجب أن تتناول "مسارات التأطير" هذه أهم سياسات التخفيف واحتياجات التكيف على مدى السنوات الخمس إلى العشر القادمة. من وجهة نظرنا، فإن أهم الفئات هي تلك ذات الصلة في سياق الهدف طويل الأجل لاتفاق باريس، وتحديداً مسار الإجراء الفوري (التجاوز المنخفض) 1.5 درجة مئوية، ومسار الإجراء المتأخر (التجاوز العالي) 1.5 درجة مئوية. هناك فئتان رئيسيتان أخريان هما فئة المسار التي تتماشى تقريبًا مع أهداف السياسة الحالية (كما هو معبر عنه بحلول عام 2023) على المدى القريب والطويل، وفئة الانبعاثات الأعلى التي تتماشى تقريبًا مع "السياسات الحالية" (كما هو معبر عنه بحلول عام 2023). كما ندعو إلى الأهمية العلمية والسياسية لاستكشاف "عالمين كان من الممكن أن يكونا". واحدة من هذه الفئات لديها مسارات انبعاثات عالية أعلى بكثير مما تنطوي عليه السياسات الحالية، والأخرى لديها مسارات انبعاثات منخفضة للغاية تفترض أن إجراءات التخفيف العالمية بما يتماشى مع الحد من الاحترار إلى 1.5 درجة مئوية دون تجاوز قد بدأت في عام 2015. أخيرًا، نلاحظ أن توفير المعلومات العلمية الجديدة في الوقت المناسب حول المسارات أمر بالغ الأهمية لإثراء تطوير وتنفيذ سياسة المناخ. بالنسبة للتقييم العالمي الثاني بموجب اتفاقية باريس في عام 2028، وللإبلاغ عن التطوير اللاحق للمساهمات المحددة وطنيًا (NDCs) حتى عام 2040، هناك حاجة إلى مدخلات علمية قبل عام 2028 بوقت طويل. يجب النظر في هذه الاحتياجات بعناية في الجدول الزمني لتطوير أنشطة النمذجة المجتمعية بما في ذلك تلك الموجودة في إطار CMIP7.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/yabpx-r7945&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/yabpx-r7945&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Authors: Tatiana Ilyina;doi: 10.1038/530426a
pmid: 26911779
Simulations of the flux of atmospheric carbon dioxide into the ocean show that changes in flux associated with human activities are currently masked by natural climate variations, but will be evident in the near future. See Letter p.469 The world's oceans have taken up vast amounts of amount of carbon produced by fossil fuel burning during the industrial era. These authors use a large ensemble of a single Earth system climate model, the Community Earth System Model–Large Ensemble (CESM–LE), to assess variability and change in the ocean carbon cycle in recent decades and through to 2100. This approach allows for a separation between trends in the air–sea carbon flux due to anthropogenic climate change and those due to internal climate variability. The study reveals how the ocean carbon sink may be expected to change throughout this century in different oceanic regions. The findings suggest that a large internal climate variability makes it unlikely that changes in the rate of anthropogenic carbon uptake can be directly observed in most oceanic regions at present, but that this may become possible between 2020 and 2050 in some regions.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/530426a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu6 citations 6 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/530426a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Review , Journal 2017 France, United Kingdom, France, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Germany, France, Netherlands, Germany, Australia, Spain, Austria, France, Australia, Switzerland, France, France, United KingdomPublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:NWO | The distribution and evol..., EC | IMBALANCE-P, EC | RINGO +9 projectsNWO| The distribution and evolution of inert and reactant scalars: from the atmospheric boundary layer to continental scales ,EC| IMBALANCE-P ,EC| RINGO ,RCN| Jordsystem-modellering av klimaforandringer i den antroposene tidsalder; Earth system modelling of climate Variations in the Anthropocene ,EC| CRESCENDO ,EC| HELIX ,EC| QUINCY ,EC| LUC4C ,EC| FIBER ,SNSF| Geschichte der Bausteinbearbeitung, insbesondere in der westlichen Schweiz ,RCN| Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)-Norway and Ocean Thematic Centre (OTC) ,RCN| CICEP-Strategic Challenges in International Climate and Energy PolicyBronte Tilbrook; Bronte Tilbrook; Jessica N. Cross; Guido R. van der Werf; Yukihiro Nojiri; Denis Pierrot; Denis Pierrot; Arne Körtzinger; Andrew J. Watson; Nathalie Lefèvre; Nicolas Metzl; Andrew Lenton; Andrew Lenton; X. Antonio Padin; David R. Munro; Andrew C. Manning; Philippe Ciais; Leticia Barbero; Leticia Barbero; Kees Klein Goldewijk; Kees Klein Goldewijk; Markus Kautz; Ivan D. Lima; Benjamin Poulter; Benjamin Poulter; Sebastian Lienert; Sebastian Lienert; Pieter P. Tans; Oliver Andrews; George C. Hurtt; Janet J. Reimer; Ingunn Skjelvan; Peter Landschützer; Francesco N. Tubiello; Thomas A. Boden; Anthony P. Walker; Pedro M. S. Monteiro; Kim I. Currie; Robert B. Jackson; Vivek K. Arora; Meike Becker; Meike Becker; Benjamin D. Stocker; Nicolas Vuichard; Tatiana Ilyina; Richard A. Houghton; Stephen Sitch; Sönke Zaehle; Christian Rödenbeck; Dorothee C. E. Bakker; Judith Hauck; Jörg Schwinger; Julia E. M. S. Nabel; Jan Ivar Korsbakken; Frédéric Chevallier; Andy Wiltshire; Ralph F. Keeling; Catherine E Cosca; Thomas Gasser; Ingrid T. van der Laan-Luijkx; Richard Betts; Richard Betts; Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka; Ian Harris; Robbie M. Andrew; Roland Séférian; Pierre Friedlingstein; Steven van Heuven; Christopher W. Hunt; Laurent Bopp; Dan Zhu; Julia Pongratz; Gregor Rehder; Louise Chini; Nicolas Viovy; Frank J. Millero; Etsushi Kato; Benjamin Pfeil; Benjamin Pfeil; Glen P. Peters; Josep G. Canadell; Anna Peregon; Atul K. Jain; Corinne Le Quéré; Danica Lombardozzi; Vanessa Haverd; Hanqin Tian;Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the "global carbon budget" – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of our imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2007–2016), EFF was 9.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.7 ± 0.1 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM was 6.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 and SLAND was 2.7 ± 1.0 GtC yr−1, with a small BIM of −0.3 GtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007–2016), reflecting in part the higher fossil emissions and smaller SLAND for that year consistent with El Niño conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8 ± 0.1 ppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0 % (range of 0.8 % to 3.0 %) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of Gross Domestic Product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. For 2017, initial data indicate an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of around 5.3 GtC (2.5 ppm), attributed to a combination of increasing emissions and receding El Niño conditions. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2016; 2015b; 2015a; 2014; 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017.
University of East A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Open Research ExeterArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32317Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Woods Hole Open Access ServerArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Review . 2018License: CC BYData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff PublicationsElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2017Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2018Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Bristol: Bristol ResearchArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2018Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremerhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2017-123&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 1K citations 1,019 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 0.1% impulse Top 0.01% Powered by BIP!
more_vert University of East A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Open Research ExeterArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32317Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Woods Hole Open Access ServerArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Review . 2018License: CC BYData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff PublicationsElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2017Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2018Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Bristol: Bristol ResearchArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2018Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremerhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2017-123&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2019Embargo end date: 15 Sep 2022 France, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Switzerland, United Kingdom, FrancePublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:NSERC, SNSF | Ocean extremes in a warme..., EC | 4C +2 projectsNSERC ,SNSF| Ocean extremes in a warmer world: Discovering risks for marine ecosystems (OceanX) ,EC| 4C ,EC| CRESCENDO ,EC| CONSTRAINC. D. Jones; T. L. Frölicher; T. L. Frölicher; C. Koven; A. H. MacDougall; H. D. Matthews; K. Zickfeld; J. Rogelj; J. Rogelj; K. B. Tokarska; K. B. Tokarska; N. P. Gillett; T. Ilyina; M. Meinshausen; M. Meinshausen; N. Mengis; N. Mengis; R. Séférian; M. Eby; F. A. Burger; F. A. Burger;Abstract. The amount of additional future temperature change following a complete cessation of CO2 emissions is a measure of the unrealized warming to which we are committed due to CO2 already emitted to the atmosphere. This “zero emissions commitment” (ZEC) is also an important quantity when estimating the remaining carbon budget – a limit on the total amount of CO2 emissions consistent with limiting global mean temperature at a particular level. In the recent IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C, the carbon budget framework used to calculate the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 ∘C included the assumption that the ZEC due to CO2 emissions is negligible and close to zero. Previous research has shown significant uncertainty even in the sign of the ZEC. To close this knowledge gap, we propose the Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP), which will quantify the amount of unrealized temperature change that occurs after CO2 emissions cease and investigate the geophysical drivers behind this climate response. Quantitative information on ZEC is a key gap in our knowledge, and one that will not be addressed by currently planned CMIP6 simulations, yet it is crucial for verifying whether carbon budgets need to be adjusted to account for any unrealized temperature change resulting from past CO2 emissions. We request only one top-priority simulation from comprehensive general circulation Earth system models (ESMs) and Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) – a branch from the 1 % CO2 run with CO2 emissions set to zero at the point of 1000 PgC of total CO2 emissions in the simulation – with the possibility for additional simulations, if resources allow. ZECMIP is part of CMIP6, under joint sponsorship by C4MIP and CDRMIP, with associated experiment names to enable data submissions to the Earth System Grid Federation. All data will be published and made freely available.
OceanRep arrow_drop_down Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/74834Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019Data sources: Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryGeoscientific Model DevelopmentArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/gmd-12-4375-2019&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 67 citations 67 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert OceanRep arrow_drop_down Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/74834Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019Data sources: Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryGeoscientific Model DevelopmentArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/gmd-12-4375-2019&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2017 United KingdomPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Funded by:EC | CRESCENDOEC| CRESCENDOStephanie A. Henson; Claudie Beaulieu; Tatiana Ilyina; Jasmin G. John; Matthew Long; Roland Séférian; Jerry Tjiputra; Jorge L. Sarmiento;AbstractClimate change is expected to modify ecological responses in the ocean, with the potential for important effects on the ecosystem services provided to humankind. Here we address the question of how rapidly multiple drivers of marine ecosystem change develop in the future ocean. By analysing an ensemble of models we find that, within the next 15 years, the climate change-driven trends in multiple ecosystem drivers emerge from the background of natural variability in 55% of the ocean and propagate rapidly to encompass 86% of the ocean by 2050 under a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario. However, we also demonstrate that the exposure of marine ecosystems to climate change-induced stress can be drastically reduced via climate mitigation measures; with mitigation, the proportion of ocean susceptible to multiple drivers within the next 15 years is reduced to 34%. Mitigation slows the pace at which multiple drivers emerge, allowing an additional 20 years for adaptation in marine ecological and socio-economic systems alike.
NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/ncomms14682&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 242 citations 242 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/ncomms14682&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu
description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2023 United States, Switzerland, United States, Norway, United Kingdom, United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Germany, Germany, SpainPublisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:RCN | Infrastructure for Norweg..., EC | OceanPeak, EC | GOCART +4 projectsRCN| Infrastructure for Norwegian Earth System modelling ,EC| OceanPeak ,EC| GOCART ,NSF| STC: Center for Chemical Currencies of a Microbial Planet ,EC| 4C ,NSF| Quantifying mechanisms of variability in ocean CO2 uptake 1980-present ,EC| COMFORTDeVries, Tim; Yamamoto, Kana; Wanninkhof, Rik; Gruber, Nicolas; Hauck, Judith; Müller, Jens Daniel; Bopp, Laurent; Carroll, Dustin; Carter, Brendan; Chau, Thi‐Tuyet‐Trang; Doney, Scott C.; Gehlen, Marion; Gloege, Lucas; Gregor, Luke; Henson, Stephanie; Kim, Ji Hyun; Iida, Yosuke; Ilyina, Tatiana; Landschützer, Peter; Le Quéré, Corinne; Munro, David; Nissen, Cara; Patara, Lavinia; Pérez, Fiz F.; Resplandy, Laure; Rodgers, Keith B.; Schwinger, Jörg; Séférian, Roland; Sicardi, Valentina; Terhaar, Jens; Triñanes, Joaquin; Tsujino, Hiroyuki; Watson, Andrew; Yasunaka, Sayaka; Zeng, Jiye;AbstractThis contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985–2018, using a combination of models and observation‐based products. The mean sea‐air CO2 flux from 1985 to 2018 is −1.6 ± 0.2 PgC yr−1 based on an ensemble of reconstructions of the history of sea surface pCO2 (pCO2 products). Models indicate that the dominant component of this flux is the net oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, which is estimated at −2.1 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 by an ensemble of ocean biogeochemical models, and −2.4 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1 by two ocean circulation inverse models. The ocean also degasses about 0.65 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 of terrestrially derived CO2, but this process is not fully resolved by any of the models used here. From 2001 to 2018, the pCO2 products reconstruct a trend in the ocean carbon sink of −0.61 ± 0.12 PgC yr−1 decade−1, while biogeochemical models and inverse models diagnose an anthropogenic CO2‐driven trend of −0.34 ± 0.06 and −0.41 ± 0.03 PgC yr−1 decade−1, respectively. This implies a climate‐forced acceleration of the ocean carbon sink in recent decades, but there are still large uncertainties on the magnitude and cause of this trend. The interannual to decadal variability of the global carbon sink is mainly driven by climate variability, with the climate‐driven variability exceeding the CO2‐forced variability by 2–3 times. These results suggest that anthropogenic CO2 dominates the ocean CO2 sink, while climate‐driven variability is potentially large but highly uncertain and not consistently captured across different methods.
NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)NORCE vitenarkiv (Norwegian Research Centre)Article . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3158077Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)San José State University ScholarWorksArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSUArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAHAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: HAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2023Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2023Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerUniversité de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Global Biogeochemical CyclesArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalÉcole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023gb007780&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 32 citations 32 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
visibility 62visibility views 62 download downloads 163 Powered bymore_vert NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)NORCE vitenarkiv (Norwegian Research Centre)Article . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3158077Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCFull-Text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/95937/1/DeVries_etal_2023_GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.pdfData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)San José State University ScholarWorksArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSUArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-04205098Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAHAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: HAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTechElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2023Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2023Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerUniversité de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023License: CC BY NCData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Global Biogeochemical CyclesArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalÉcole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HALArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines: HAL-UVSQArticle . 2023Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023gb007780&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2023Publisher:OpenAlex Malte Meinshausen; Carl‐Friedrich Schleussner; Kathleen Beyer; G. E. Bodeker; Oliviér Boucher; Josep G. Canadell; J. S. Daniel; Aïda Diongue‐Niang; Fatima Driouech; Erich M. Fischer; Piers M. Forster; Michael Grose; Gerrit Hansen; Zeke Hausfather; Tatiana Ilyina; Jarmo Kikstra; Joyce Kimutai; Andrew D. King; June‐Yi Lee; Chris Lennard; Tabea Lissner; Alexander Nauels; Glen P. Peters; Anna Pirani; Gian‐Kasper Plattner; Hans O. Pörtner; Joeri Rogelj; Maisa Rojas; Joyashree Roy; B. H. Samset; Benjamin M. Sanderson; Roland Séférian; Sonia I. Seneviratne; Chris Smith; Sophie Szopa; Adelle Thomas; Diana Ürge-Vorsatz; G. J. M. Velders; Tokuta Yokohata; Tilo Ziehn; Zebedee Nicholls;Résumé. Dans chaque cycle d'évaluation du GIEC, une multitude de scénarios sont évalués, avec une portée et une importance différentes dans les différents groupes de travail et rapports spéciaux et leurs chapitres respectifs. Dans les rapports, l'ambition est d'intégrer les connaissances sur les futurs climatiques possibles dans les groupes de travail et les domaines de recherche scientifique sur la base d'un petit ensemble de « voies de cadrage », telles que les voies dites RCP du cinquième rapport d'évaluation du GIEC (AR5) et les scénarios SSP-RCP dans le sixième rapport d'évaluation (AR6). Cette perspective, initiée par les discussions lors de l'atelier du GIEC à Bangkok en avril 2023 sur « l'utilisation des scénarios dans le RE6 et les évaluations ultérieures », est destinée à servir d'une des contributions de la communauté pour mettre en évidence les besoins pour la prochaine génération de voies de cadrage qui est avancée sous l'égide du CMIP pour une utilisation dans le RE7 du GIEC. Ici, nous suggérons un certain nombre d'objectifs de recherche politique qu'un tel ensemble de voies d'encadrement devrait idéalement remplir, y compris les besoins d'atténuation pour atteindre les objectifs de l'Accord de Paris, les risques associés aux stratégies d'élimination du carbone, les conséquences du retard dans la mise en œuvre de cette atténuation, des conseils pour les besoins d'adaptation, les pertes et les dommages, et pour la réalisation de l'atténuation dans le contexte plus large des objectifs de développement sociétal. Sur la base de ce contexte, nous suggérons que la prochaine génération de scénarios climatiques pour les modèles du système terrestre évolue vers des « voies d'émission représentatives » (REP) et suggérons des catégories clés pour ces voies. Ces « voies d'encadrement » devraient répondre aux besoins les plus critiques en matière de politique d'atténuation et d'adaptation au cours des 5 à 10 prochaines années. À notre avis, les catégories les plus importantes sont celles qui sont pertinentes dans le contexte de l'objectif à long terme de l'Accord de Paris, en particulier une action immédiate (dépassement faible) de 1,5 °C et une action retardée (dépassement élevé) de 1,5 °C. Deux autres catégories clés sont une catégorie de trajectoire approximativement conforme aux objectifs politiques actuels (tels qu'exprimés d'ici 2023) à court et à long terme, et une catégorie d'émissions plus élevées qui est approximativement conforme aux « politiques actuelles » (telles qu'exprimées d'ici 2023). Nous plaidons également en faveur de la pertinence scientifique et politique de l'exploration de deux « mondes qui auraient pu l'être ». L'une de ces catégories a des trajectoires d'émissions élevées bien au-dessus de ce que les politiques actuelles impliquent, et l'autre a des trajectoires d'émissions très faibles qui supposent que les mesures d'atténuation mondiales visant à limiter le réchauffement à 1,5 °C sans dépassement ont commencé en 2015. Enfin, nous notons que la fourniture en temps opportun de nouvelles informations scientifiques sur les voies est essentielle pour éclairer l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre de la politique climatique. Pour le deuxième bilan mondial dans le cadre de l'Accord de Paris en 2028, et pour éclairer le développement ultérieur des contributions déterminées au niveau national (CDN) jusqu'en 2040, des contributions scientifiques sont nécessaires bien avant 2028. Ces besoins doivent être soigneusement pris en compte dans le calendrier d'élaboration des activités de modélisation communautaire, y compris celles menées dans le cadre du CMIP7. Resumen. En cada ciclo de Evaluación del IPCC, se evalúan una multitud de escenarios, con diferentes alcances y énfasis a lo largo de los diversos Grupos de Trabajo e Informes Especiales y sus respectivos capítulos. Dentro de los informes, la ambición es integrar el conocimiento sobre posibles futuros climáticos en los Grupos de Trabajo y los dominios de investigación científica basados en un pequeño conjunto de "vías de encuadre", como las llamadas vías RCP del Quinto Informe de Evaluación del IPCC (AR5) y los escenarios SSP-RCP en el Sexto Informe de Evaluación (AR6). Esta perspectiva, iniciada por las discusiones en el taller del IPCC en Bangkok en abril de 2023 sobre el "Uso de escenarios en el IE6 y evaluaciones posteriores", pretende servir como una de las contribuciones de la comunidad para resaltar las necesidades de la próxima generación de vías de encuadre que se está avanzando bajo el paraguas del CMIP para su uso en el IE7 del IPCC. Aquí sugerimos una serie de objetivos de investigación de políticas que ese conjunto de vías de encuadre debería cumplir idealmente, incluidas las necesidades de mitigación para cumplir los objetivos del Acuerdo de París, los riesgos asociados con las estrategias de eliminación de carbono, las consecuencias del retraso en la promulgación de esa mitigación, la orientación para las necesidades de adaptación, las pérdidas y los daños, y para lograr la mitigación en el contexto más amplio de los objetivos de desarrollo social. Con base en este contexto, sugerimos que la próxima generación de escenarios climáticos para los Modelos del Sistema Terrestre evolucione hacia 'Vías de Emisión Representativas' (REP) y sugerimos categorías clave para tales vías. Estas "vías de encuadre" deberían abordar las políticas de mitigación y las necesidades de adaptación más críticas en los próximos 5–10 años. En nuestra opinión, las categorías más importantes son las relevantes en el contexto del objetivo a largo plazo del Acuerdo de París, específicamente una vía de acción inmediata (sobrepaso bajo) de 1,5 °C y una vía de acción retardada (sobrepaso alto) de 1,5 °C. Otras dos categorías clave son una categoría de vía aproximadamente en línea con los objetivos políticos actuales (expresados para 2023) a corto y largo plazo, y una categoría de emisiones más altas que está aproximadamente en línea con las "políticas actuales" (expresadas para 2023). También defendemos la relevancia científica y política de explorar dos "mundos que podrían haber sido". Una de estas categorías tiene trayectorias de altas emisiones muy por encima de lo que implican las políticas actuales, y la otra tiene trayectorias de muy bajas emisiones que asumen que la acción de mitigación global en línea con la limitación del calentamiento a 1.5 ° C sin sobrepasar había comenzado en 2015. Finalmente, observamos que el suministro oportuno de nueva información científica sobre las vías es fundamental para informar el desarrollo y la implementación de la política climática. Para el segundo Balance Global bajo el Acuerdo de París en 2028, y para informar el desarrollo posterior de las Contribuciones Determinadas a Nivel Nacional (NDC) hasta 2040, se requieren insumos científicos mucho antes de 2028. Estas necesidades deben considerarse cuidadosamente en el cronograma de desarrollo de las actividades de modelado comunitario, incluidas las del CMIP7. Abstract. In every IPCC Assessment cycle, a multitude of scenarios are assessed, with different scope and emphasis throughout the various Working Group and Special Reports and their respective chapters. Within the reports, the ambition is to integrate knowledge on possible climate futures across the Working Groups and scientific research domains based on a small set of ‘framing pathways’, such as the so-called RCP pathways from the Fifth IPCC Assessment report (AR5) and the SSP-RCP scenarios in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). This perspective, initiated by discussions at the IPCC Bangkok workshop in April 2023 on the “Use of Scenarios in AR6 and Subsequent Assessments”, is intended to serve as one of the community contributions to highlight needs for the next generation of framing pathways that is being advanced under the CMIP umbrella for use in the IPCC AR7. Here we suggest a number of policy research objectives that such a set of framing pathways should ideally fulfil, including mitigation needs for meeting the Paris Agreement objectives, the risks associated with carbon removal strategies, the consequences of delay in enacting that mitigation, guidance for adaptation needs, loss and damage, and for achieving mitigation in the wider context of Societal Development goals. Based on this context we suggest that the next generation of climate scenarios for Earth System Models should evolve towards ‘Representative Emission Pathways’ (REPs) and suggest key categories for such pathways. These ‘framing pathways’ should address the most critical mitigation policy and adaptation needs over the next 5–10 years. In our view the most important categories are those relevant in the context of the Paris Agreement long-term goal, specifically an immediate action (low overshoot) 1.5 °C pathway, and a delayed action (high overshoot) 1.5 °C pathway. Two other key categories are a pathway category approximately in line with current (as expressed by 2023) near- and long-term policy objectives, and a higher emissions category that is approximately in line with “current policies” (as expressed by 2023). We also argue for the scientific and policy relevance in exploring two ‘worlds that could have been’. One of these categories has high emission trajectories well above what is implied by current policies, and the other has very low emission trajectories that assume that global mitigation action in line with limiting warming to 1.5 °C without overshoot had begun in 2015. Finally, we note that timely provision of new scientific information on pathways is critical to inform the development and implementation of climate policy. For the second Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2028, and to inform subsequent development of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) up to 2040, scientific inputs are required well before 2028. These needs should be carefully considered in the development timeline of community modelling activities including those under CMIP7. الملخص. في كل دورة تقييم للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ، يتم تقييم العديد من السيناريوهات، مع نطاق وتركيز مختلفين في مختلف مجموعات العمل والتقارير الخاصة وفصولها. ضمن التقارير، يتمثل الطموح في دمج المعرفة حول المستقبل المناخي المحتمل عبر مجموعات العمل ومجالات البحث العلمي بناءً على مجموعة صغيرة من "مسارات التأطير"، مثل ما يسمى مسارات RCP من تقرير التقييم الخامس للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ (AR5) وسيناريوهات SSP - RCP في تقرير التقييم السادس (AR6). يهدف هذا المنظور، الذي بدأته المناقشات في ورشة عمل الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ في بانكوك في أبريل 2023 حول "استخدام السيناريوهات في التقرير التقييمي السادس والتقييمات اللاحقة"، إلى أن يكون أحد مساهمات المجتمع لتسليط الضوء على احتياجات الجيل القادم من مسارات التأطير التي يتم تطويرها تحت مظلة الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ لاستخدامها في التقرير التقييمي السابع للفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ. نقترح هنا عددًا من أهداف أبحاث السياسات التي يجب أن تلبيها مجموعة مسارات التأطير هذه بشكل مثالي، بما في ذلك احتياجات التخفيف لتحقيق أهداف اتفاق باريس، والمخاطر المرتبطة باستراتيجيات إزالة الكربون، وعواقب التأخير في سن هذا التخفيف، وتوجيه احتياجات التكيف، والخسائر والأضرار، ولتحقيق التخفيف في السياق الأوسع لأهداف التنمية المجتمعية. بناءً على هذا السياق، نقترح أن يتطور الجيل التالي من سيناريوهات المناخ لنماذج النظام الأرضي نحو "مسارات الانبعاثات التمثيلية" (REPs) واقتراح الفئات الرئيسية لمثل هذه المسارات. يجب أن تتناول "مسارات التأطير" هذه أهم سياسات التخفيف واحتياجات التكيف على مدى السنوات الخمس إلى العشر القادمة. من وجهة نظرنا، فإن أهم الفئات هي تلك ذات الصلة في سياق الهدف طويل الأجل لاتفاق باريس، وتحديداً مسار الإجراء الفوري (التجاوز المنخفض) 1.5 درجة مئوية، ومسار الإجراء المتأخر (التجاوز العالي) 1.5 درجة مئوية. هناك فئتان رئيسيتان أخريان هما فئة المسار التي تتماشى تقريبًا مع أهداف السياسة الحالية (كما هو معبر عنه بحلول عام 2023) على المدى القريب والطويل، وفئة الانبعاثات الأعلى التي تتماشى تقريبًا مع "السياسات الحالية" (كما هو معبر عنه بحلول عام 2023). كما ندعو إلى الأهمية العلمية والسياسية لاستكشاف "عالمين كان من الممكن أن يكونا". واحدة من هذه الفئات لديها مسارات انبعاثات عالية أعلى بكثير مما تنطوي عليه السياسات الحالية، والأخرى لديها مسارات انبعاثات منخفضة للغاية تفترض أن إجراءات التخفيف العالمية بما يتماشى مع الحد من الاحترار إلى 1.5 درجة مئوية دون تجاوز قد بدأت في عام 2015. أخيرًا، نلاحظ أن توفير المعلومات العلمية الجديدة في الوقت المناسب حول المسارات أمر بالغ الأهمية لإثراء تطوير وتنفيذ سياسة المناخ. بالنسبة للتقييم العالمي الثاني بموجب اتفاقية باريس في عام 2028، وللإبلاغ عن التطوير اللاحق للمساهمات المحددة وطنيًا (NDCs) حتى عام 2040، هناك حاجة إلى مدخلات علمية قبل عام 2028 بوقت طويل. يجب النظر في هذه الاحتياجات بعناية في الجدول الزمني لتطوير أنشطة النمذجة المجتمعية بما في ذلك تلك الموجودة في إطار CMIP7.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/yabpx-r7945&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/yabpx-r7945&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Authors: Tatiana Ilyina;doi: 10.1038/530426a
pmid: 26911779
Simulations of the flux of atmospheric carbon dioxide into the ocean show that changes in flux associated with human activities are currently masked by natural climate variations, but will be evident in the near future. See Letter p.469 The world's oceans have taken up vast amounts of amount of carbon produced by fossil fuel burning during the industrial era. These authors use a large ensemble of a single Earth system climate model, the Community Earth System Model–Large Ensemble (CESM–LE), to assess variability and change in the ocean carbon cycle in recent decades and through to 2100. This approach allows for a separation between trends in the air–sea carbon flux due to anthropogenic climate change and those due to internal climate variability. The study reveals how the ocean carbon sink may be expected to change throughout this century in different oceanic regions. The findings suggest that a large internal climate variability makes it unlikely that changes in the rate of anthropogenic carbon uptake can be directly observed in most oceanic regions at present, but that this may become possible between 2020 and 2050 in some regions.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/530426a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu6 citations 6 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/530426a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Review , Journal 2017 France, United Kingdom, France, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Germany, France, Netherlands, Germany, Australia, Spain, Austria, France, Australia, Switzerland, France, France, United KingdomPublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:NWO | The distribution and evol..., EC | IMBALANCE-P, EC | RINGO +9 projectsNWO| The distribution and evolution of inert and reactant scalars: from the atmospheric boundary layer to continental scales ,EC| IMBALANCE-P ,EC| RINGO ,RCN| Jordsystem-modellering av klimaforandringer i den antroposene tidsalder; Earth system modelling of climate Variations in the Anthropocene ,EC| CRESCENDO ,EC| HELIX ,EC| QUINCY ,EC| LUC4C ,EC| FIBER ,SNSF| Geschichte der Bausteinbearbeitung, insbesondere in der westlichen Schweiz ,RCN| Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)-Norway and Ocean Thematic Centre (OTC) ,RCN| CICEP-Strategic Challenges in International Climate and Energy PolicyBronte Tilbrook; Bronte Tilbrook; Jessica N. Cross; Guido R. van der Werf; Yukihiro Nojiri; Denis Pierrot; Denis Pierrot; Arne Körtzinger; Andrew J. Watson; Nathalie Lefèvre; Nicolas Metzl; Andrew Lenton; Andrew Lenton; X. Antonio Padin; David R. Munro; Andrew C. Manning; Philippe Ciais; Leticia Barbero; Leticia Barbero; Kees Klein Goldewijk; Kees Klein Goldewijk; Markus Kautz; Ivan D. Lima; Benjamin Poulter; Benjamin Poulter; Sebastian Lienert; Sebastian Lienert; Pieter P. Tans; Oliver Andrews; George C. Hurtt; Janet J. Reimer; Ingunn Skjelvan; Peter Landschützer; Francesco N. Tubiello; Thomas A. Boden; Anthony P. Walker; Pedro M. S. Monteiro; Kim I. Currie; Robert B. Jackson; Vivek K. Arora; Meike Becker; Meike Becker; Benjamin D. Stocker; Nicolas Vuichard; Tatiana Ilyina; Richard A. Houghton; Stephen Sitch; Sönke Zaehle; Christian Rödenbeck; Dorothee C. E. Bakker; Judith Hauck; Jörg Schwinger; Julia E. M. S. Nabel; Jan Ivar Korsbakken; Frédéric Chevallier; Andy Wiltshire; Ralph F. Keeling; Catherine E Cosca; Thomas Gasser; Ingrid T. van der Laan-Luijkx; Richard Betts; Richard Betts; Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka; Ian Harris; Robbie M. Andrew; Roland Séférian; Pierre Friedlingstein; Steven van Heuven; Christopher W. Hunt; Laurent Bopp; Dan Zhu; Julia Pongratz; Gregor Rehder; Louise Chini; Nicolas Viovy; Frank J. Millero; Etsushi Kato; Benjamin Pfeil; Benjamin Pfeil; Glen P. Peters; Josep G. Canadell; Anna Peregon; Atul K. Jain; Corinne Le Quéré; Danica Lombardozzi; Vanessa Haverd; Hanqin Tian;Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the "global carbon budget" – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of our imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2007–2016), EFF was 9.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.7 ± 0.1 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM was 6.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 and SLAND was 2.7 ± 1.0 GtC yr−1, with a small BIM of −0.3 GtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007–2016), reflecting in part the higher fossil emissions and smaller SLAND for that year consistent with El Niño conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8 ± 0.1 ppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0 % (range of 0.8 % to 3.0 %) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of Gross Domestic Product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. For 2017, initial data indicate an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of around 5.3 GtC (2.5 ppm), attributed to a combination of increasing emissions and receding El Niño conditions. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2016; 2015b; 2015a; 2014; 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017.
University of East A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Open Research ExeterArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32317Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Woods Hole Open Access ServerArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Review . 2018License: CC BYData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff PublicationsElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2017Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2018Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Bristol: Bristol ResearchArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2018Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremerhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2017-123&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 1K citations 1,019 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 0.1% impulse Top 0.01% Powered by BIP!
more_vert University of East A... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryBern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Open Research ExeterArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32317Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Woods Hole Open Access ServerArticle . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Other literature type . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018Earth System Science Data (ESSD)Review . 2018License: CC BYData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff PublicationsElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2017Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterElectronic Publication Information CenterArticle . 2018Data sources: Electronic Publication Information CenterEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Bristol: Bristol ResearchArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2018Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremerhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data PortalUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2017-123&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2019Embargo end date: 15 Sep 2022 France, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Switzerland, United Kingdom, FrancePublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:NSERC, SNSF | Ocean extremes in a warme..., EC | 4C +2 projectsNSERC ,SNSF| Ocean extremes in a warmer world: Discovering risks for marine ecosystems (OceanX) ,EC| 4C ,EC| CRESCENDO ,EC| CONSTRAINC. D. Jones; T. L. Frölicher; T. L. Frölicher; C. Koven; A. H. MacDougall; H. D. Matthews; K. Zickfeld; J. Rogelj; J. Rogelj; K. B. Tokarska; K. B. Tokarska; N. P. Gillett; T. Ilyina; M. Meinshausen; M. Meinshausen; N. Mengis; N. Mengis; R. Séférian; M. Eby; F. A. Burger; F. A. Burger;Abstract. The amount of additional future temperature change following a complete cessation of CO2 emissions is a measure of the unrealized warming to which we are committed due to CO2 already emitted to the atmosphere. This “zero emissions commitment” (ZEC) is also an important quantity when estimating the remaining carbon budget – a limit on the total amount of CO2 emissions consistent with limiting global mean temperature at a particular level. In the recent IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C, the carbon budget framework used to calculate the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 ∘C included the assumption that the ZEC due to CO2 emissions is negligible and close to zero. Previous research has shown significant uncertainty even in the sign of the ZEC. To close this knowledge gap, we propose the Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP), which will quantify the amount of unrealized temperature change that occurs after CO2 emissions cease and investigate the geophysical drivers behind this climate response. Quantitative information on ZEC is a key gap in our knowledge, and one that will not be addressed by currently planned CMIP6 simulations, yet it is crucial for verifying whether carbon budgets need to be adjusted to account for any unrealized temperature change resulting from past CO2 emissions. We request only one top-priority simulation from comprehensive general circulation Earth system models (ESMs) and Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) – a branch from the 1 % CO2 run with CO2 emissions set to zero at the point of 1000 PgC of total CO2 emissions in the simulation – with the possibility for additional simulations, if resources allow. ZECMIP is part of CMIP6, under joint sponsorship by C4MIP and CDRMIP, with associated experiment names to enable data submissions to the Earth System Grid Federation. All data will be published and made freely available.
OceanRep arrow_drop_down Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/74834Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019Data sources: Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryGeoscientific Model DevelopmentArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/gmd-12-4375-2019&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 67 citations 67 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert OceanRep arrow_drop_down Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/74834Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019Data sources: Spiral - Imperial College Digital RepositoryGeoscientific Model DevelopmentArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/gmd-12-4375-2019&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2017 United KingdomPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Funded by:EC | CRESCENDOEC| CRESCENDOStephanie A. Henson; Claudie Beaulieu; Tatiana Ilyina; Jasmin G. John; Matthew Long; Roland Séférian; Jerry Tjiputra; Jorge L. Sarmiento;AbstractClimate change is expected to modify ecological responses in the ocean, with the potential for important effects on the ecosystem services provided to humankind. Here we address the question of how rapidly multiple drivers of marine ecosystem change develop in the future ocean. By analysing an ensemble of models we find that, within the next 15 years, the climate change-driven trends in multiple ecosystem drivers emerge from the background of natural variability in 55% of the ocean and propagate rapidly to encompass 86% of the ocean by 2050 under a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario. However, we also demonstrate that the exposure of marine ecosystems to climate change-induced stress can be drastically reduced via climate mitigation measures; with mitigation, the proportion of ocean susceptible to multiple drivers within the next 15 years is reduced to 34%. Mitigation slows the pace at which multiple drivers emerge, allowing an additional 20 years for adaptation in marine ecological and socio-economic systems alike.
NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/ncomms14682&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 242 citations 242 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert NERC Open Research A... arrow_drop_down Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/ncomms14682&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu