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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Article , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IGI Global Authors: Koulelis, P; McDermott, C;This research serves to integrate the concept of an “ecological footprint” into future-oriented forest management scenarios. Scenarios are commonly used to explore stakeholder perceptions of possible forest futures, and are typically focused on the local impacts of different management choices. This article illustrates how global footprint analysis can be incorporated into scenarios to enable local forest stakeholders in the EU to consider the impacts of their local decisions at national and global levels. This illustration could be helpful to the construction of a forest decision support system that includes wood trade information and social processes (simulation of management decisions under changing political/economic conditions). It finds that different future forest management scenarios involving a potential increase or decrease of the harvested timber, or potential increase or decrease of subsidies for forest protection, combined with various possible changes in local consumption patterns, might have impact on both “internal” (local) and “external” (non-local) forest footprints.
https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Article , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IGI Global Authors: Koulelis, P; McDermott, C;This research serves to integrate the concept of an “ecological footprint” into future-oriented forest management scenarios. Scenarios are commonly used to explore stakeholder perceptions of possible forest futures, and are typically focused on the local impacts of different management choices. This article illustrates how global footprint analysis can be incorporated into scenarios to enable local forest stakeholders in the EU to consider the impacts of their local decisions at national and global levels. This illustration could be helpful to the construction of a forest decision support system that includes wood trade information and social processes (simulation of management decisions under changing political/economic conditions). It finds that different future forest management scenarios involving a potential increase or decrease of the harvested timber, or potential increase or decrease of subsidies for forest protection, combined with various possible changes in local consumption patterns, might have impact on both “internal” (local) and “external” (non-local) forest footprints.
https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 Belgium, France, Canada, France, United KingdomPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Christoph Nolte; Lisa Rausch; Charlotte Streck; Yann le Polain de Waroux; Constance L. McDermott; Peter Newton; Rachael D. Garrett; Tannis Thorlakson; David McLaughlin; Eric F. Lambin; Eric F. Lambin; Leonardo C. Fleck; Nathalie F. Walker; Holly K. Gibbs; Kimberly M. Carlson; Pablo Pacheco; Robert Heilmayr;handle: 2078.1/213852 , 10568/95794
A major reduction in global deforestation is needed to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. Recent private sector commitments aim to eliminate deforestation from a company’s operations or supply chain, but they fall short on several fronts. Company pledges vary in the degree to which they include time-bound interventions with clear definitions and criteria to achieve verifiable outcomes. Zero-deforestation policies by companies may be insufficient to achieve broader impact on their own due to leakage, lack of transparency and traceability, selective adoption and smallholder marginalization. Public–private policy mixes are needed to increase the effectiveness of supply-chain initiatives that aim to reduce deforestation. We review current supply-chain initiatives, their effectiveness, and the challenges they face, and go on to identify knowledge gaps for complementary public–private policies.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 320 citations 320 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 Belgium, France, Canada, France, United KingdomPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Christoph Nolte; Lisa Rausch; Charlotte Streck; Yann le Polain de Waroux; Constance L. McDermott; Peter Newton; Rachael D. Garrett; Tannis Thorlakson; David McLaughlin; Eric F. Lambin; Eric F. Lambin; Leonardo C. Fleck; Nathalie F. Walker; Holly K. Gibbs; Kimberly M. Carlson; Pablo Pacheco; Robert Heilmayr;handle: 2078.1/213852 , 10568/95794
A major reduction in global deforestation is needed to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. Recent private sector commitments aim to eliminate deforestation from a company’s operations or supply chain, but they fall short on several fronts. Company pledges vary in the degree to which they include time-bound interventions with clear definitions and criteria to achieve verifiable outcomes. Zero-deforestation policies by companies may be insufficient to achieve broader impact on their own due to leakage, lack of transparency and traceability, selective adoption and smallholder marginalization. Public–private policy mixes are needed to increase the effectiveness of supply-chain initiatives that aim to reduce deforestation. We review current supply-chain initiatives, their effectiveness, and the challenges they face, and go on to identify knowledge gaps for complementary public–private policies.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 320 citations 320 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Sami W. Rifai; Mark Hirons; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John W. Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Le maintien des rendements pour l'agriculture vivace des petits exploitants dans un régime climatique en évolution rapide peut nécessiter la prise en compte des caractéristiques du paysage et des décisions de gestion à la ferme en tandem. L'optimisation du paysage et de la gestion peut ne pas être possible pour maximiser les rendements au cours d'une année, mais le maintien de paysages hétérogènes pourrait être une stratégie importante d'adaptation au climat. Dans cette étude, nous avons observé des gradients de gestion de l'altitude, des parcelles forestières et de l'ombre affectant les rendements du café des petits exploitants (Coffea arabica) au cours d'une année « normale » par rapport au El Niño 2015/16. Nous avons généralement constaté un avantage pour les rendements d'avoir des arbres d'ombrage légumineux et une faible ouverture de la canopée, tout en maintenant une ombre diversifiée ou une ouverture variable de la canopée ayant des influences plus complexes lors d'un choc climatique. Les deux années de choc climatique observées ont été dominées par la sécheresse ou des températures élevées, avec des réponses de rendement généralement négatives. Les projections climatiques pour l'Afrique de l'Est prévoient des précipitations plus irrégulières et des températures plus élevées, ce qui aura un impact disproportionné sur les petits exploitants agricoles. El mantenimiento de los rendimientos para la agricultura perenne de los pequeños agricultores en un régimen climático que cambia rápidamente puede requerir la consideración de las características del paisaje y las decisiones de gestión en la granja en conjunto. Es posible que no sea posible optimizar el paisaje y la gestión para maximizar los rendimientos en un año, pero mantener paisajes heterogéneos podría ser una estrategia importante de adaptación al clima. En este estudio, observamos gradientes de altitud, parche forestal y manejo de sombra que afectan los rendimientos de los pequeños productores de café (Coffea arabica) en un año "normal" en comparación con El Niño 2015/16. En general, encontramos un beneficio para los rendimientos al tener árboles de sombra leguminosos y baja apertura del dosel, mientras que mantener una sombra diversa o una apertura variable del dosel tuvo influencias más complejas durante un choque climático. Los dos años de shock climático observados estuvieron dominados por la sequía o las altas temperaturas, con respuestas de rendimiento generalmente negativas. Las proyecciones climáticas para África Oriental predicen precipitaciones más erráticas y temperaturas más altas, lo que afectará de manera desproporcionada a los pequeños agricultores. Sustaining yields for smallholder perennial agriculture under a rapidly changing climate regime may require consideration of landscape features and on-farm management decisions in tandem. Optimising landscape and management may not be possible for maximising yields in any one year but maintaining heterogeneous landscapes could be an important climate adaptation strategy. In this study, we observed elevation, forest patch and shade management gradients affecting smallholder coffee (Coffea arabica) yields in a 'normal' year versus the 2015/16 El Niño. We generally found a benefit to yields from having leguminous shade trees and low canopy openness, while maintaining diverse shade or varying canopy openness had more complex influences during a climate shock. The two years of observed climate shock were dominated by either drought or high temperatures, with yield responses generally negative. Climate projections for East Africa predict more erratic rainfall and higher temperatures, which will disproportionately impact smallholder farmers. قد يتطلب الحفاظ على غلة الزراعة المعمرة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في ظل نظام مناخي سريع التغير النظر في ميزات المناظر الطبيعية وقرارات الإدارة في المزرعة جنبًا إلى جنب. قد لا يكون تحسين المناظر الطبيعية وإدارتها ممكنًا لتحقيق أقصى قدر من الغلة في أي عام واحد، ولكن الحفاظ على المناظر الطبيعية غير المتجانسة قد يكون استراتيجية مهمة للتكيف مع المناخ. في هذه الدراسة، لاحظنا الارتفاع، وترقيع الغابات وتدرجات إدارة الظل التي تؤثر على غلة القهوة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (القهوة العربية) في سنة "طبيعية" مقارنة بظاهرة النينيو 2015/2016. وجدنا بشكل عام فائدة للغلة من وجود أشجار الظل البقولية والانفتاح المنخفض للمظلة، مع الحفاظ على الظل المتنوع أو الانفتاح المتفاوت للمظلة كان له تأثيرات أكثر تعقيدًا أثناء الصدمة المناخية. سيطر الجفاف أو درجات الحرارة المرتفعة على عامين من الصدمة المناخية المرصودة، مع ردود فعل سلبية بشكل عام. وتتنبأ التوقعات المناخية لشرق أفريقيا بمزيد من عدم انتظام هطول الأمطار وارتفاع درجات الحرارة، مما سيؤثر بشكل غير متناسب على صغار المزارعين.
Agriculture Ecosyste... arrow_drop_down Agriculture Ecosystems & EnvironmentArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2024License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.agee.2024.108930&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Agriculture Ecosyste... arrow_drop_down Agriculture Ecosystems & EnvironmentArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2024License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.agee.2024.108930&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Sami W. Rifai; Mark Hirons; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John W. Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Le maintien des rendements pour l'agriculture vivace des petits exploitants dans un régime climatique en évolution rapide peut nécessiter la prise en compte des caractéristiques du paysage et des décisions de gestion à la ferme en tandem. L'optimisation du paysage et de la gestion peut ne pas être possible pour maximiser les rendements au cours d'une année, mais le maintien de paysages hétérogènes pourrait être une stratégie importante d'adaptation au climat. Dans cette étude, nous avons observé des gradients de gestion de l'altitude, des parcelles forestières et de l'ombre affectant les rendements du café des petits exploitants (Coffea arabica) au cours d'une année « normale » par rapport au El Niño 2015/16. Nous avons généralement constaté un avantage pour les rendements d'avoir des arbres d'ombrage légumineux et une faible ouverture de la canopée, tout en maintenant une ombre diversifiée ou une ouverture variable de la canopée ayant des influences plus complexes lors d'un choc climatique. Les deux années de choc climatique observées ont été dominées par la sécheresse ou des températures élevées, avec des réponses de rendement généralement négatives. Les projections climatiques pour l'Afrique de l'Est prévoient des précipitations plus irrégulières et des températures plus élevées, ce qui aura un impact disproportionné sur les petits exploitants agricoles. El mantenimiento de los rendimientos para la agricultura perenne de los pequeños agricultores en un régimen climático que cambia rápidamente puede requerir la consideración de las características del paisaje y las decisiones de gestión en la granja en conjunto. Es posible que no sea posible optimizar el paisaje y la gestión para maximizar los rendimientos en un año, pero mantener paisajes heterogéneos podría ser una estrategia importante de adaptación al clima. En este estudio, observamos gradientes de altitud, parche forestal y manejo de sombra que afectan los rendimientos de los pequeños productores de café (Coffea arabica) en un año "normal" en comparación con El Niño 2015/16. En general, encontramos un beneficio para los rendimientos al tener árboles de sombra leguminosos y baja apertura del dosel, mientras que mantener una sombra diversa o una apertura variable del dosel tuvo influencias más complejas durante un choque climático. Los dos años de shock climático observados estuvieron dominados por la sequía o las altas temperaturas, con respuestas de rendimiento generalmente negativas. Las proyecciones climáticas para África Oriental predicen precipitaciones más erráticas y temperaturas más altas, lo que afectará de manera desproporcionada a los pequeños agricultores. Sustaining yields for smallholder perennial agriculture under a rapidly changing climate regime may require consideration of landscape features and on-farm management decisions in tandem. Optimising landscape and management may not be possible for maximising yields in any one year but maintaining heterogeneous landscapes could be an important climate adaptation strategy. In this study, we observed elevation, forest patch and shade management gradients affecting smallholder coffee (Coffea arabica) yields in a 'normal' year versus the 2015/16 El Niño. We generally found a benefit to yields from having leguminous shade trees and low canopy openness, while maintaining diverse shade or varying canopy openness had more complex influences during a climate shock. The two years of observed climate shock were dominated by either drought or high temperatures, with yield responses generally negative. Climate projections for East Africa predict more erratic rainfall and higher temperatures, which will disproportionately impact smallholder farmers. قد يتطلب الحفاظ على غلة الزراعة المعمرة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في ظل نظام مناخي سريع التغير النظر في ميزات المناظر الطبيعية وقرارات الإدارة في المزرعة جنبًا إلى جنب. قد لا يكون تحسين المناظر الطبيعية وإدارتها ممكنًا لتحقيق أقصى قدر من الغلة في أي عام واحد، ولكن الحفاظ على المناظر الطبيعية غير المتجانسة قد يكون استراتيجية مهمة للتكيف مع المناخ. في هذه الدراسة، لاحظنا الارتفاع، وترقيع الغابات وتدرجات إدارة الظل التي تؤثر على غلة القهوة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (القهوة العربية) في سنة "طبيعية" مقارنة بظاهرة النينيو 2015/2016. وجدنا بشكل عام فائدة للغلة من وجود أشجار الظل البقولية والانفتاح المنخفض للمظلة، مع الحفاظ على الظل المتنوع أو الانفتاح المتفاوت للمظلة كان له تأثيرات أكثر تعقيدًا أثناء الصدمة المناخية. سيطر الجفاف أو درجات الحرارة المرتفعة على عامين من الصدمة المناخية المرصودة، مع ردود فعل سلبية بشكل عام. وتتنبأ التوقعات المناخية لشرق أفريقيا بمزيد من عدم انتظام هطول الأمطار وارتفاع درجات الحرارة، مما سيؤثر بشكل غير متناسب على صغار المزارعين.
Agriculture Ecosyste... arrow_drop_down Agriculture Ecosystems & EnvironmentArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2024License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.agee.2024.108930&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Agriculture Ecosyste... arrow_drop_down Agriculture Ecosystems & EnvironmentArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2024License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.agee.2024.108930&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2017 United KingdomPublisher:Ubiquity Press, Ltd. Authors: Saeed, A; McDermott, C; Boyd, E;doi: 10.18352/ijc.700
Forested countries in the global south that have agreed to engage in REDD+, a policy mechanism for addressing climate change, are receiving support to improve laws, policies, systems and structures. As a mechanism initiated at the global level and seeking to use forests to address a global commons crisis (atmospheric carbon concentration), understanding how REDD+ translates into implementation at the local level is essential. Therefore, using a systematic review approach, we examined 15 studies of REDD+ in the context of public and/or community managed forests, drawn from a comprehensive application of inclusion criteria to identify relevant published peer-reviewed empirical research. The common property resources literature was used to highlight the role of local institutions in REDD+ and to distil how REDD+ community forest projects conform to Ostrom’s collective action principles. The review revealed limited sharing of information and decision-making authority with communities; a general absence of FPIC; and a lack of defined benefit sharing and conflict resolution arrangements in many of the REDD+ projects.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2017 United KingdomPublisher:Ubiquity Press, Ltd. Authors: Saeed, A; McDermott, C; Boyd, E;doi: 10.18352/ijc.700
Forested countries in the global south that have agreed to engage in REDD+, a policy mechanism for addressing climate change, are receiving support to improve laws, policies, systems and structures. As a mechanism initiated at the global level and seeking to use forests to address a global commons crisis (atmospheric carbon concentration), understanding how REDD+ translates into implementation at the local level is essential. Therefore, using a systematic review approach, we examined 15 studies of REDD+ in the context of public and/or community managed forests, drawn from a comprehensive application of inclusion criteria to identify relevant published peer-reviewed empirical research. The common property resources literature was used to highlight the role of local institutions in REDD+ and to distil how REDD+ community forest projects conform to Ostrom’s collective action principles. The review revealed limited sharing of information and decision-making authority with communities; a general absence of FPIC; and a lack of defined benefit sharing and conflict resolution arrangements in many of the REDD+ projects.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.18352/ijc.700&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.18352/ijc.700&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV D. Sheleme; John Mason; Mark Hirons; Emily Boyd; Constance L. McDermott; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Zia Mehrabi; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; Techane Gonfa;This paper provides a multi-scalar examination of the Ethiopian coffee sector and its pursuit of climate resilience. Concern is growing about the potential impact of climate change on Arabica coffee in Ethiopia and the 25 million livelihoods it supports. Arabica coffee has a relatively narrow envelope of climatic suitability and recent studies suggest that the area of bioclimatically suitable space for the species in its native Ethiopia could decline dra- matically in the coming decades. We adopt a critical perspective on resilience that reflects on the situated nature of the ecology/science of coffee and climate change and the operation of social, economic, and discursive power across scales, paying particular attention to the differentiated impacts of climate change and associated resi- lience strategies. This analysis begins by reviewing Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy strategy and argues that the current lack of attention to coffee is inappropriate considering the coffee sector’s vulnerability to climate change, economic importance and association with forests. The paper then examines the contemporary coffee sector which provides the context for reflecting on three potential responses to the threat climate change poses; a spatial response from farmers, adaptive farm management responses such as changing shade levels and the development of the country’s genetic resources to cultivate improved varieties. The analysis explores the disconnect between the interventions emerging from national and international institutions and the local con- text. The multi-scale approach highlights the presence of complex normative trade-offs associated with pursing climate resilience strategies and reinforces the importance of appreciating the dynamics which influence deci- sion-making in the country.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 35 citations 35 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV D. Sheleme; John Mason; Mark Hirons; Emily Boyd; Constance L. McDermott; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Zia Mehrabi; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; Techane Gonfa;This paper provides a multi-scalar examination of the Ethiopian coffee sector and its pursuit of climate resilience. Concern is growing about the potential impact of climate change on Arabica coffee in Ethiopia and the 25 million livelihoods it supports. Arabica coffee has a relatively narrow envelope of climatic suitability and recent studies suggest that the area of bioclimatically suitable space for the species in its native Ethiopia could decline dra- matically in the coming decades. We adopt a critical perspective on resilience that reflects on the situated nature of the ecology/science of coffee and climate change and the operation of social, economic, and discursive power across scales, paying particular attention to the differentiated impacts of climate change and associated resi- lience strategies. This analysis begins by reviewing Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy strategy and argues that the current lack of attention to coffee is inappropriate considering the coffee sector’s vulnerability to climate change, economic importance and association with forests. The paper then examines the contemporary coffee sector which provides the context for reflecting on three potential responses to the threat climate change poses; a spatial response from farmers, adaptive farm management responses such as changing shade levels and the development of the country’s genetic resources to cultivate improved varieties. The analysis explores the disconnect between the interventions emerging from national and international institutions and the local con- text. The multi-scale approach highlights the presence of complex normative trade-offs associated with pursing climate resilience strategies and reinforces the importance of appreciating the dynamics which influence deci- sion-making in the country.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 35 citations 35 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Other literature type , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaConstance L. McDermott; Rebecca Ashley Asare; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Emily Boyd; John Mason; Mark Hirons;Cet article vise à contribuer au développement conceptuel en cours et à la poursuite pratique de la résilience, de la capacité d'absorber et de répondre aux chocs, dans un contexte agricole et de changement climatique. Il s'appuie sur des travaux qui visent à dissoudre le dualisme nature-société et à naturaliser les relations de pouvoir inhérentes à la pensée systémique en développant et en étendant un cadre initialement conçu pour intégrer la recherche sur la diversité biologique et culturelle. Le cadre « bioculturel » qui en résulte examine les pratiques, les institutions, les connaissances et les croyances en matière de moyens de subsistance et est appliqué à une étude de cas des communautés cacaoyères dans la région centrale du Ghana. S'appuyant sur des données recueillies sur trois ans couvrant un épisode de sécheresse lié à l'oscillation australe El Niño (ENSO), l'analyse démontre l'utilité d'une conception élargie de la résilience qui relie les pratiques de subsistance, qui définissent l'impact et la réponse aux sécheresses, aux connaissances, institutions et croyances constitutives qui façonnent ces pratiques. L'étude se concentre sur deux facteurs clés qui sous-tendent la résilience des producteurs de cacao aux chocs climatiques : l'accès aux zones humides et l'accès au crédit. Nous soutenons que les caractéristiques particulières des pratiques, des connaissances, des croyances et des institutions de subsistance, et de leurs interactions, peuvent à la fois renforcer et saper la résilience, lorsqu'elles sont considérées à différentes échelles spatiales, temporelles et sociales. Bien que de telles contradictions présentent des défis pour les décideurs politiques qui s'engagent dans la résilience climatique, l'analyse fournit des diagnostics plus clairs des principaux défis pour la résilience des systèmes agricoles et des informations sur les domaines où les interventions politiques pourraient être les plus efficaces. Este documento tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo conceptual continuo y la búsqueda práctica de la resiliencia, la capacidad de absorber y responder a los choques, en un contexto agrícola y de cambio climático. Se basa en un trabajo que tiene como objetivo disolver el dualismo naturaleza-sociedad y la naturalización de las relaciones de poder inherentes al pensamiento sistémico mediante el desarrollo y la ampliación de un marco originalmente concebido para integrar la investigación sobre la diversidad biológica y cultural. El marco "biocultural" resultante examina las prácticas, instituciones, conocimientos y creencias de los medios de vida y se aplica a un estudio de caso de las comunidades de cacao en la Región Central de Ghana. Basándose en datos recopilados durante tres años que abarcan un evento de sequía relacionado con El Niño Oscilación del Sur (Enos), el análisis demuestra la utilidad de una concepción ampliada de la resiliencia que vincule las prácticas de medios de vida, que definen el impacto y la respuesta a las sequías, con los conocimientos, instituciones y creencias constituyentes que dan forma a esas prácticas. El estudio se centra en dos factores clave que sustentan la resiliencia de los productores de cacao a los impactos climáticos: el acceso a los humedales y el acceso al crédito. Argumentamos que las características particulares de las prácticas, el conocimiento, las creencias y las instituciones de los medios de vida, y sus interacciones, pueden mejorar y socavar la resiliencia, cuando se ven a diferentes escalas espaciales, temporales y sociales. Aunque tales contradicciones presentan desafíos para los responsables políticos que se comprometen con la resiliencia climática, el análisis proporciona un diagnóstico más claro de los desafíos clave para la resiliencia de los sistemas agrícolas y una visión de dónde las intervenciones políticas podrían ser más efectivas. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conceptual development and practical pursuit of resilience, the ability to absorb and respond to shocks, in an agricultural and climate change context. It builds on work that aims to dissolve the nature-society dualism and naturalisation of power relations inherent in systems thinking by developing and extending a framework originally conceived to integrate research on biological and cultural diversity. The resultant 'biocultural' framework examines livelihood practices, institutions, knowledge and beliefs and is applied to a case study of cocoa communities in Ghana's Central Region. Drawing on data collected over three years spanning an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related drought event, the analysis demonstrates the utility of an expanded conception of resilience that links livelihood practices, which define the impact and response to droughts, with the constituent knowledge, institutions and beliefs that shape those practices. The study focuses on two key factors that underpin cocoa farmers' resilience to climate shocks: access to wetlands and access to credit. We argue that particular characteristics of livelihood practices, knowledge, belief and institutions, and their interactions, can be both resilience enhancing and undermining, when viewed at different spatial, temporal and social scales. Although such contradictions present challenges to policy-makers engaging with climate resilience, the analysis provides a clearer diagnoses of key challenges to the resilience of agricultural systems and insights into where policy interventions might be most effective. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى المساهمة في التطوير المفاهيمي المستمر والسعي العملي لتحقيق المرونة، والقدرة على استيعاب الصدمات والاستجابة لها، في سياق التغير الزراعي والمناخي. وهو يعتمد على العمل الذي يهدف إلى حل ثنائية الطبيعة والمجتمع وتجنيس علاقات القوة المتأصلة في تفكير النظم من خلال تطوير وتوسيع إطار تم تصميمه في الأصل لدمج البحوث المتعلقة بالتنوع البيولوجي والثقافي. يفحص الإطار "الثقافي الحيوي" الناتج ممارسات سبل العيش والمؤسسات والمعرفة والمعتقدات ويتم تطبيقه على دراسة حالة لمجتمعات الكاكاو في المنطقة الوسطى في غانا. بالاعتماد على البيانات التي تم جمعها على مدى ثلاث سنوات والتي تغطي حدث الجفاف المرتبط بالتذبذب الجنوبي لظاهرة النينيو (ENSO)، يوضح التحليل فائدة مفهوم موسع للمرونة يربط ممارسات سبل العيش، التي تحدد تأثير الجفاف والاستجابة له، بالمعرفة والمؤسسات والمعتقدات المكونة التي تشكل تلك الممارسات. تركز الدراسة على عاملين رئيسيين يدعمان قدرة مزارعي الكاكاو على التكيف مع الصدمات المناخية: الوصول إلى الأراضي الرطبة والحصول على الائتمان. ونجادل بأن الخصائص الخاصة لممارسات سبل العيش والمعرفة والمعتقدات والمؤسسات وتفاعلاتها يمكن أن تعزز المرونة وتقوضها، عند النظر إليها على نطاقات مكانية وزمنية واجتماعية مختلفة. على الرغم من أن هذه التناقضات تشكل تحديات لواضعي السياسات الذين يتعاملون مع مرونة المناخ، فإن التحليل يوفر تشخيصًا أوضح للتحديات الرئيسية التي تواجه مرونة النظم الزراعية ورؤى حول المجالات التي قد تكون فيها تدخلات السياسات أكثر فعالية.
Journal of Rural Stu... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 47 citations 47 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Rural Stu... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Other literature type , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaConstance L. McDermott; Rebecca Ashley Asare; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Emily Boyd; John Mason; Mark Hirons;Cet article vise à contribuer au développement conceptuel en cours et à la poursuite pratique de la résilience, de la capacité d'absorber et de répondre aux chocs, dans un contexte agricole et de changement climatique. Il s'appuie sur des travaux qui visent à dissoudre le dualisme nature-société et à naturaliser les relations de pouvoir inhérentes à la pensée systémique en développant et en étendant un cadre initialement conçu pour intégrer la recherche sur la diversité biologique et culturelle. Le cadre « bioculturel » qui en résulte examine les pratiques, les institutions, les connaissances et les croyances en matière de moyens de subsistance et est appliqué à une étude de cas des communautés cacaoyères dans la région centrale du Ghana. S'appuyant sur des données recueillies sur trois ans couvrant un épisode de sécheresse lié à l'oscillation australe El Niño (ENSO), l'analyse démontre l'utilité d'une conception élargie de la résilience qui relie les pratiques de subsistance, qui définissent l'impact et la réponse aux sécheresses, aux connaissances, institutions et croyances constitutives qui façonnent ces pratiques. L'étude se concentre sur deux facteurs clés qui sous-tendent la résilience des producteurs de cacao aux chocs climatiques : l'accès aux zones humides et l'accès au crédit. Nous soutenons que les caractéristiques particulières des pratiques, des connaissances, des croyances et des institutions de subsistance, et de leurs interactions, peuvent à la fois renforcer et saper la résilience, lorsqu'elles sont considérées à différentes échelles spatiales, temporelles et sociales. Bien que de telles contradictions présentent des défis pour les décideurs politiques qui s'engagent dans la résilience climatique, l'analyse fournit des diagnostics plus clairs des principaux défis pour la résilience des systèmes agricoles et des informations sur les domaines où les interventions politiques pourraient être les plus efficaces. Este documento tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo conceptual continuo y la búsqueda práctica de la resiliencia, la capacidad de absorber y responder a los choques, en un contexto agrícola y de cambio climático. Se basa en un trabajo que tiene como objetivo disolver el dualismo naturaleza-sociedad y la naturalización de las relaciones de poder inherentes al pensamiento sistémico mediante el desarrollo y la ampliación de un marco originalmente concebido para integrar la investigación sobre la diversidad biológica y cultural. El marco "biocultural" resultante examina las prácticas, instituciones, conocimientos y creencias de los medios de vida y se aplica a un estudio de caso de las comunidades de cacao en la Región Central de Ghana. Basándose en datos recopilados durante tres años que abarcan un evento de sequía relacionado con El Niño Oscilación del Sur (Enos), el análisis demuestra la utilidad de una concepción ampliada de la resiliencia que vincule las prácticas de medios de vida, que definen el impacto y la respuesta a las sequías, con los conocimientos, instituciones y creencias constituyentes que dan forma a esas prácticas. El estudio se centra en dos factores clave que sustentan la resiliencia de los productores de cacao a los impactos climáticos: el acceso a los humedales y el acceso al crédito. Argumentamos que las características particulares de las prácticas, el conocimiento, las creencias y las instituciones de los medios de vida, y sus interacciones, pueden mejorar y socavar la resiliencia, cuando se ven a diferentes escalas espaciales, temporales y sociales. Aunque tales contradicciones presentan desafíos para los responsables políticos que se comprometen con la resiliencia climática, el análisis proporciona un diagnóstico más claro de los desafíos clave para la resiliencia de los sistemas agrícolas y una visión de dónde las intervenciones políticas podrían ser más efectivas. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conceptual development and practical pursuit of resilience, the ability to absorb and respond to shocks, in an agricultural and climate change context. It builds on work that aims to dissolve the nature-society dualism and naturalisation of power relations inherent in systems thinking by developing and extending a framework originally conceived to integrate research on biological and cultural diversity. The resultant 'biocultural' framework examines livelihood practices, institutions, knowledge and beliefs and is applied to a case study of cocoa communities in Ghana's Central Region. Drawing on data collected over three years spanning an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related drought event, the analysis demonstrates the utility of an expanded conception of resilience that links livelihood practices, which define the impact and response to droughts, with the constituent knowledge, institutions and beliefs that shape those practices. The study focuses on two key factors that underpin cocoa farmers' resilience to climate shocks: access to wetlands and access to credit. We argue that particular characteristics of livelihood practices, knowledge, belief and institutions, and their interactions, can be both resilience enhancing and undermining, when viewed at different spatial, temporal and social scales. Although such contradictions present challenges to policy-makers engaging with climate resilience, the analysis provides a clearer diagnoses of key challenges to the resilience of agricultural systems and insights into where policy interventions might be most effective. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى المساهمة في التطوير المفاهيمي المستمر والسعي العملي لتحقيق المرونة، والقدرة على استيعاب الصدمات والاستجابة لها، في سياق التغير الزراعي والمناخي. وهو يعتمد على العمل الذي يهدف إلى حل ثنائية الطبيعة والمجتمع وتجنيس علاقات القوة المتأصلة في تفكير النظم من خلال تطوير وتوسيع إطار تم تصميمه في الأصل لدمج البحوث المتعلقة بالتنوع البيولوجي والثقافي. يفحص الإطار "الثقافي الحيوي" الناتج ممارسات سبل العيش والمؤسسات والمعرفة والمعتقدات ويتم تطبيقه على دراسة حالة لمجتمعات الكاكاو في المنطقة الوسطى في غانا. بالاعتماد على البيانات التي تم جمعها على مدى ثلاث سنوات والتي تغطي حدث الجفاف المرتبط بالتذبذب الجنوبي لظاهرة النينيو (ENSO)، يوضح التحليل فائدة مفهوم موسع للمرونة يربط ممارسات سبل العيش، التي تحدد تأثير الجفاف والاستجابة له، بالمعرفة والمؤسسات والمعتقدات المكونة التي تشكل تلك الممارسات. تركز الدراسة على عاملين رئيسيين يدعمان قدرة مزارعي الكاكاو على التكيف مع الصدمات المناخية: الوصول إلى الأراضي الرطبة والحصول على الائتمان. ونجادل بأن الخصائص الخاصة لممارسات سبل العيش والمعرفة والمعتقدات والمؤسسات وتفاعلاتها يمكن أن تعزز المرونة وتقوضها، عند النظر إليها على نطاقات مكانية وزمنية واجتماعية مختلفة. على الرغم من أن هذه التناقضات تشكل تحديات لواضعي السياسات الذين يتعاملون مع مرونة المناخ، فإن التحليل يوفر تشخيصًا أوضح للتحديات الرئيسية التي تواجه مرونة النظم الزراعية ورؤى حول المجالات التي قد تكون فيها تدخلات السياسات أكثر فعالية.
Journal of Rural Stu... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 47 citations 47 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 France, France, United States, United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Peter Newton; Peter Newton; Arun Agrawal; Reem Hajjar; Reem Hajjar; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; M. Bogaerts; Constance L. McDermott; Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto; Eva K. Wollenberg; Jeffrey C. Milder; Jeffrey C. Milder; Daniel Adshead;handle: 10568/97551
Abstract A number of governance mechanisms address socio-environmental challenges associated with commodity agriculture in tropical forested countries. Governance mechanisms that prove effective in one agricultural sector are often applied to other sectors as well. For example, voluntary certification programs have been adopted by producers of commodities as diverse as beef, coffee, palm oil, and soy. However, there are substantial differences in the extent to which governance mechanisms scale up and achieve impact in different sectors. This paper analyzes how the potential for scaling up a particular governance mechanism is influenced by environmental, market, and social geographies that differ between sectors. Through stakeholder interviews, farm-level surveys, and a literature review, we examine two types of voluntary governance mechanisms (third-party certification, and sustainable intensification programs) in the coffee and cattle sectors in Brazil, to understand why the two governance mechanisms have scaled differently between these two sectors. We find that third-party certification programs have scaled up relatively well in Brazil's coffee sector, more so than its cattle sector, in part owing to differences in sustainability priorities, market orientations, supply chain traceability, and social networks between the two sectors. We also find that pilot sustainable intensification programs in the cattle sector have had more success than certification in engaging farmers, in part because they involve less investment from participating farmers. We conclude that the distribution and quality of environmental resources, markets, knowledge, actors, and networks can play an important role in the ability of a governance mechanism to effectively take root.
CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 48 citations 48 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 France, France, United States, United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Peter Newton; Peter Newton; Arun Agrawal; Reem Hajjar; Reem Hajjar; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; M. Bogaerts; Constance L. McDermott; Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto; Eva K. Wollenberg; Jeffrey C. Milder; Jeffrey C. Milder; Daniel Adshead;handle: 10568/97551
Abstract A number of governance mechanisms address socio-environmental challenges associated with commodity agriculture in tropical forested countries. Governance mechanisms that prove effective in one agricultural sector are often applied to other sectors as well. For example, voluntary certification programs have been adopted by producers of commodities as diverse as beef, coffee, palm oil, and soy. However, there are substantial differences in the extent to which governance mechanisms scale up and achieve impact in different sectors. This paper analyzes how the potential for scaling up a particular governance mechanism is influenced by environmental, market, and social geographies that differ between sectors. Through stakeholder interviews, farm-level surveys, and a literature review, we examine two types of voluntary governance mechanisms (third-party certification, and sustainable intensification programs) in the coffee and cattle sectors in Brazil, to understand why the two governance mechanisms have scaled differently between these two sectors. We find that third-party certification programs have scaled up relatively well in Brazil's coffee sector, more so than its cattle sector, in part owing to differences in sustainability priorities, market orientations, supply chain traceability, and social networks between the two sectors. We also find that pilot sustainable intensification programs in the cattle sector have had more success than certification in engaging farmers, in part because they involve less investment from participating farmers. We conclude that the distribution and quality of environmental resources, markets, knowledge, actors, and networks can play an important role in the ability of a governance mechanism to effectively take root.
CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.102&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 48 citations 48 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.102&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2020Embargo end date: 03 Apr 2020 United KingdomPublisher:Frontiers Media SA Funded by:EC | LARMAR, UKRI | University of Oxford ESRC...EC| LARMAR ,UKRI| University of Oxford ESRC Doctoral Training Centre DTG 2011Authors: Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; +2 AuthorsVictoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; Constance L. McDermott; Elizabeth A. Asante;La production d'huile de palme au Ghana – qui est principalement cultivée par de petits exploitants (60 % et plus) – joue un rôle important dans les économies locales et les moyens de subsistance ruraux. En tant que culture multifonctionnelle, elle est intégrée dans la vie quotidienne des Ghanéens ruraux et urbains à la fois par les ménages individuels et au niveau industriel. Le secteur connaît actuellement une résurgence sous le régime du Nouveau Parti patriotique (NPP) du Ghana et est ciblé par la Table ronde sur l'huile de palme durable (PSPO) pour l'intensification des rendements et l'augmentation de la production à l'exportation. Les objectifs finaux de ces efforts comprennent la réduction de la pauvreté, les efforts de développement respectueux de l'environnement et la diversification agricole dans les zones rurales. Nous appliquons la « théorie de l'accès » de Ribot et Peluso (2003) pour évaluer les obstacles et les opportunités pour les petits producteurs de palmier à huile, et le degré auquel ils sont abordés par les interventions de la RSPO. Nos résultats mettent en évidence comment les producteurs locaux tirent de nombreux avantages de la production d'huile de palme en tant que source de revenus réguliers, culture résistante à la sécheresse et source d'huile de cuisson à usage domestique. Cependant, ils font également état de différents niveaux d'accès au financement, aux marchés, à la terre et au soutien technique, ainsi que de points de vue et de visions différents du développement du secteur du palmier à huile. L'accent mis par les initiatives gouvernementales et la RSPO sur les incitations basées sur le commerce international néglige cette diversité et, en particulier, l'importance des marchés locaux pour les moyens de subsistance ghanéens. Cela constitue une menace pour les meunières et les commerçantes, les producteurs les plus pauvres et les marchés locaux qu'ils approvisionnent, qui risquent de perdre l'accès à la chaîne d'approvisionnement en huile de palme. Plus généralement, ces résultats illustrent l'importance de comprendre comment les marchés interagissent à de multiples échelles locales et internationales, afin de concevoir des interventions qui atteindront et bénéficieront plus équitablement aux communautés locales. La producción de palma aceitera en Ghana, que es cultivada principalmente por pequeños agricultores (más del60%), desempeña un papel importante en las economías locales y los medios de vida rurales. Como cultivo multifuncional, está integrado en la vida cotidiana de los ghaneses rurales y urbanos, tanto en los hogares individuales como a nivel industrial. El sector está experimentando actualmente un resurgimiento bajo el gobierno del Nuevo Partido Patriótico (NPP) de Ghana y está siendo blanco de la Mesa Redonda sobre Aceite de Palma Sostenible (PSPO) para la intensificación del rendimiento y el aumento de la producción de exportación. Los objetivos finales de estos esfuerzos incluyen el alivio de la pobreza, los esfuerzos de desarrollo ambientalmente responsable y la diversificación agrícola en las zonas rurales. Aplicamos la "teoría del acceso" de Ribot y Peluso (2003) para evaluar las barreras y oportunidades para los pequeños agricultores de palma aceitera, y el grado en que estas son abordadas por las intervenciones de la RSPO. Nuestros resultados destacan cómo los productores locales obtienen muchos beneficios de la producción de aceite de palma como fuente de ingresos regulares, un cultivo resistente a la sequía y una fuente de aceite de cocina para uso doméstico. Sin embargo, también informan diferentes niveles de acceso a la financiación, los mercados, la tierra y el apoyo técnico, junto con diferentes puntos de vista y visiones sobre el desarrollo del sector de la palma aceitera. El enfoque de las iniciativas gubernamentales y de la RSPO en los incentivos basados en el comercio internacional pasa por alto esta diversidad y, en particular, la importancia de los mercados locales para los medios de vida de Ghana. Esto representa una amenaza para las mujeres molineras y comerciantes, los productores más pobres y los mercados locales a los que abastecen, que corren el riesgo de perder el acceso a la cadena de suministro de aceite de palma. De manera más general, estos hallazgos ilustran la importancia de comprender cómo interactúan los mercados a múltiples escalas locales e internacionales, con el fin de diseñar intervenciones que lleguen y beneficien de manera más equitativa a las comunidades locales. Oil palm production in Ghana – which is primarily cultivated by smallholders (60%+) – plays an important role in local economies and rural livelihoods. As a multi-functional crop, it is embedded in the everyday life of rural and urban Ghanaians both by individual households and on an industrial level. The sector is currently experiencing a resurgence under Ghana's New Patriotic Party (NPP) rule and is being targeted by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (PSPO) for yield intensification and increased export production. End goals of these efforts include poverty alleviation, environmentally responsible development efforts, and agricultural diversification in rural areas. We apply Ribot and Peluso's 'theory of access' (2003) to assess the barriers and opportunities for smallholder oil palm farmers, and the degree to which these are addressed by RSPO interventions. Our results highlight how local producers gain many benefits from palm oil production as a source of regular income, a drought-resilient crop, and a source of cooking oil for household use. However, they also report different levels of access to finance, markets, land, and technical support, along with differing views and visions of the oil palm sector's development. The focus of governmental and RSPO initiatives on international trade-based incentives overlooks this diversity and, in particular, the importance of local markets for Ghanaian livelihoods. This poses a threat to women millers and traders, poorer producers, and the local markets they supply who risk losing access to the palm oil supply chain. More generally, these findings illustrate the importance of understanding how markets interact at multiple local to international scales, in order to design interventions that will more equitably reach and benefit local communities. يلعب إنتاج زيت النخيل في غانا – الذي يزرعه في المقام الأول أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (أكثر من 60 ٪) – دورًا مهمًا في الاقتصادات المحلية وسبل العيش الريفية. كمحصول متعدد الوظائف، فهو جزء لا يتجزأ من الحياة اليومية للغانيين الريفيين والحضريين من قبل الأسر الفردية وعلى المستوى الصناعي. يشهد القطاع حاليًا انتعاشًا في ظل حكم الحزب الوطني الجديد في غانا (NPP) ويتم استهدافه من قبل المائدة المستديرة حول زيت النخيل المستدام (PSPO) لتكثيف الغلة وزيادة إنتاج الصادرات. وتشمل الأهداف النهائية لهذه الجهود التخفيف من حدة الفقر، وجهود التنمية المسؤولة بيئيا، والتنويع الزراعي في المناطق الريفية. نطبق "نظرية الوصول" لريبوت وبيلوسو (2003) لتقييم الحواجز والفرص المتاحة لمزارعي نخيل الزيت أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة، ودرجة معالجتها من خلال تدخلات RSPO. تسلط نتائجنا الضوء على كيفية حصول المنتجين المحليين على العديد من الفوائد من إنتاج زيت النخيل كمصدر للدخل المنتظم ومحصول مقاوم للجفاف ومصدر لزيت الطهي للاستخدام المنزلي. ومع ذلك، فإنها تبلغ أيضًا عن مستويات مختلفة من الوصول إلى التمويل والأسواق والأراضي والدعم الفني، إلى جانب وجهات النظر والرؤى المختلفة لتطوير قطاع نخيل الزيت. يتجاهل تركيز المبادرات الحكومية ومبادرات RSPO على الحوافز القائمة على التجارة الدولية هذا التنوع، ولا سيما أهمية الأسواق المحلية لسبل العيش الغانية. وهذا يشكل تهديدًا للمطاحنات والتجار، والمنتجين الفقراء، والأسواق المحلية التي يزودونها الذين يخاطرون بفقدان الوصول إلى سلسلة توريد زيت النخيل. وبشكل عام، توضح هذه النتائج أهمية فهم كيفية تفاعل الأسواق على مستويات محلية ودولية متعددة، من أجل تصميم تدخلات تصل إلى المجتمعات المحلية وتفيدها بشكل أكثر إنصافًا.
Frontiers in Sustain... arrow_drop_down Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Frontiers in Sustain... arrow_drop_down Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2020Embargo end date: 03 Apr 2020 United KingdomPublisher:Frontiers Media SA Funded by:EC | LARMAR, UKRI | University of Oxford ESRC...EC| LARMAR ,UKRI| University of Oxford ESRC Doctoral Training Centre DTG 2011Authors: Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; +2 AuthorsVictoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; Constance L. McDermott; Elizabeth A. Asante;La production d'huile de palme au Ghana – qui est principalement cultivée par de petits exploitants (60 % et plus) – joue un rôle important dans les économies locales et les moyens de subsistance ruraux. En tant que culture multifonctionnelle, elle est intégrée dans la vie quotidienne des Ghanéens ruraux et urbains à la fois par les ménages individuels et au niveau industriel. Le secteur connaît actuellement une résurgence sous le régime du Nouveau Parti patriotique (NPP) du Ghana et est ciblé par la Table ronde sur l'huile de palme durable (PSPO) pour l'intensification des rendements et l'augmentation de la production à l'exportation. Les objectifs finaux de ces efforts comprennent la réduction de la pauvreté, les efforts de développement respectueux de l'environnement et la diversification agricole dans les zones rurales. Nous appliquons la « théorie de l'accès » de Ribot et Peluso (2003) pour évaluer les obstacles et les opportunités pour les petits producteurs de palmier à huile, et le degré auquel ils sont abordés par les interventions de la RSPO. Nos résultats mettent en évidence comment les producteurs locaux tirent de nombreux avantages de la production d'huile de palme en tant que source de revenus réguliers, culture résistante à la sécheresse et source d'huile de cuisson à usage domestique. Cependant, ils font également état de différents niveaux d'accès au financement, aux marchés, à la terre et au soutien technique, ainsi que de points de vue et de visions différents du développement du secteur du palmier à huile. L'accent mis par les initiatives gouvernementales et la RSPO sur les incitations basées sur le commerce international néglige cette diversité et, en particulier, l'importance des marchés locaux pour les moyens de subsistance ghanéens. Cela constitue une menace pour les meunières et les commerçantes, les producteurs les plus pauvres et les marchés locaux qu'ils approvisionnent, qui risquent de perdre l'accès à la chaîne d'approvisionnement en huile de palme. Plus généralement, ces résultats illustrent l'importance de comprendre comment les marchés interagissent à de multiples échelles locales et internationales, afin de concevoir des interventions qui atteindront et bénéficieront plus équitablement aux communautés locales. La producción de palma aceitera en Ghana, que es cultivada principalmente por pequeños agricultores (más del60%), desempeña un papel importante en las economías locales y los medios de vida rurales. Como cultivo multifuncional, está integrado en la vida cotidiana de los ghaneses rurales y urbanos, tanto en los hogares individuales como a nivel industrial. El sector está experimentando actualmente un resurgimiento bajo el gobierno del Nuevo Partido Patriótico (NPP) de Ghana y está siendo blanco de la Mesa Redonda sobre Aceite de Palma Sostenible (PSPO) para la intensificación del rendimiento y el aumento de la producción de exportación. Los objetivos finales de estos esfuerzos incluyen el alivio de la pobreza, los esfuerzos de desarrollo ambientalmente responsable y la diversificación agrícola en las zonas rurales. Aplicamos la "teoría del acceso" de Ribot y Peluso (2003) para evaluar las barreras y oportunidades para los pequeños agricultores de palma aceitera, y el grado en que estas son abordadas por las intervenciones de la RSPO. Nuestros resultados destacan cómo los productores locales obtienen muchos beneficios de la producción de aceite de palma como fuente de ingresos regulares, un cultivo resistente a la sequía y una fuente de aceite de cocina para uso doméstico. Sin embargo, también informan diferentes niveles de acceso a la financiación, los mercados, la tierra y el apoyo técnico, junto con diferentes puntos de vista y visiones sobre el desarrollo del sector de la palma aceitera. El enfoque de las iniciativas gubernamentales y de la RSPO en los incentivos basados en el comercio internacional pasa por alto esta diversidad y, en particular, la importancia de los mercados locales para los medios de vida de Ghana. Esto representa una amenaza para las mujeres molineras y comerciantes, los productores más pobres y los mercados locales a los que abastecen, que corren el riesgo de perder el acceso a la cadena de suministro de aceite de palma. De manera más general, estos hallazgos ilustran la importancia de comprender cómo interactúan los mercados a múltiples escalas locales e internacionales, con el fin de diseñar intervenciones que lleguen y beneficien de manera más equitativa a las comunidades locales. Oil palm production in Ghana – which is primarily cultivated by smallholders (60%+) – plays an important role in local economies and rural livelihoods. As a multi-functional crop, it is embedded in the everyday life of rural and urban Ghanaians both by individual households and on an industrial level. The sector is currently experiencing a resurgence under Ghana's New Patriotic Party (NPP) rule and is being targeted by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (PSPO) for yield intensification and increased export production. End goals of these efforts include poverty alleviation, environmentally responsible development efforts, and agricultural diversification in rural areas. We apply Ribot and Peluso's 'theory of access' (2003) to assess the barriers and opportunities for smallholder oil palm farmers, and the degree to which these are addressed by RSPO interventions. Our results highlight how local producers gain many benefits from palm oil production as a source of regular income, a drought-resilient crop, and a source of cooking oil for household use. However, they also report different levels of access to finance, markets, land, and technical support, along with differing views and visions of the oil palm sector's development. The focus of governmental and RSPO initiatives on international trade-based incentives overlooks this diversity and, in particular, the importance of local markets for Ghanaian livelihoods. This poses a threat to women millers and traders, poorer producers, and the local markets they supply who risk losing access to the palm oil supply chain. More generally, these findings illustrate the importance of understanding how markets interact at multiple local to international scales, in order to design interventions that will more equitably reach and benefit local communities. يلعب إنتاج زيت النخيل في غانا – الذي يزرعه في المقام الأول أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (أكثر من 60 ٪) – دورًا مهمًا في الاقتصادات المحلية وسبل العيش الريفية. كمحصول متعدد الوظائف، فهو جزء لا يتجزأ من الحياة اليومية للغانيين الريفيين والحضريين من قبل الأسر الفردية وعلى المستوى الصناعي. يشهد القطاع حاليًا انتعاشًا في ظل حكم الحزب الوطني الجديد في غانا (NPP) ويتم استهدافه من قبل المائدة المستديرة حول زيت النخيل المستدام (PSPO) لتكثيف الغلة وزيادة إنتاج الصادرات. وتشمل الأهداف النهائية لهذه الجهود التخفيف من حدة الفقر، وجهود التنمية المسؤولة بيئيا، والتنويع الزراعي في المناطق الريفية. نطبق "نظرية الوصول" لريبوت وبيلوسو (2003) لتقييم الحواجز والفرص المتاحة لمزارعي نخيل الزيت أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة، ودرجة معالجتها من خلال تدخلات RSPO. تسلط نتائجنا الضوء على كيفية حصول المنتجين المحليين على العديد من الفوائد من إنتاج زيت النخيل كمصدر للدخل المنتظم ومحصول مقاوم للجفاف ومصدر لزيت الطهي للاستخدام المنزلي. ومع ذلك، فإنها تبلغ أيضًا عن مستويات مختلفة من الوصول إلى التمويل والأسواق والأراضي والدعم الفني، إلى جانب وجهات النظر والرؤى المختلفة لتطوير قطاع نخيل الزيت. يتجاهل تركيز المبادرات الحكومية ومبادرات RSPO على الحوافز القائمة على التجارة الدولية هذا التنوع، ولا سيما أهمية الأسواق المحلية لسبل العيش الغانية. وهذا يشكل تهديدًا للمطاحنات والتجار، والمنتجين الفقراء، والأسواق المحلية التي يزودونها الذين يخاطرون بفقدان الوصول إلى سلسلة توريد زيت النخيل. وبشكل عام، توضح هذه النتائج أهمية فهم كيفية تفاعل الأسواق على مستويات محلية ودولية متعددة، من أجل تصميم تدخلات تصل إلى المجتمعات المحلية وتفيدها بشكل أكثر إنصافًا.
Frontiers in Sustain... arrow_drop_down Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2020 Finland, United Kingdom, DenmarkPublisher:University of Arizona Funded by:WTWTMyers, R; Rutt, RL; McDermott, C; Maryudi, A; Acheampong, E; Camargo, M; Cầm, H;handle: 10138/325353
Les restrictions et la vérification du commerce de la légalité du bois sont un ensemble de mécanismes contemporains déclenchés par les préoccupations mondiales concernant la dégradation et la déforestation des forêts. L'initiative de l'Union européenne sur l'application des réglementations forestières, la gouvernance et le commerce est un effort important non seulement pour filtrer le bois et les produits du bois illégaux en provenance de l'UE, mais aussi pour aider les pays partenaires commerciaux à améliorer leurs définitions de la légalité et leurs processus de vérification. Mais en utilisant les accords bilatéraux (accords de partenariat volontaire) comme mécanisme clé, l'UE légitime les États-nations partenaires commerciaux en tant qu'autorité pour décider de ce qui est légal. Nous engageons un débat théorique sur les complexités du sens de la légalité, puis analysons les données empiriques recueillies lors d'entretiens au Ghana, en Indonésie, au Vietnam et en Europe avec des acteurs politiques, de la société civile et de l'industrie pour comprendre comment différents acteurs comprennent la légalité. Nous trouvons les notions hégémoniques d'État westphalien au cœur des notions « globales » de légalité et contrastons souvent avec les compréhensions locales de la légalité. Les acteurs non étatiques comprennent ces notions hégémoniques de légalité comme leur étant imposées et faisant partie d'un héritage colonial. En outre, les notions de légalité qui ne sont pas conformes aux compréhensions hégémoniques sont facilement qualifiées d'immorales ou de criminelles par les États-nations. Nous soulignons l'importance de comprendre ces cadres pour élucider les hypothèses intégrées sur ce qui comprend la légalité au sein des assemblages d'acteurs mondiaux. Las restricciones al comercio y la verificación de la legalidad de la madera son un conjunto de mecanismos contemporáneos desencadenados por las preocupaciones mundiales sobre la degradación forestal y la deforestación. La iniciativa de la Unión Europea sobre aplicación de las leyes, gobernanza y comercio forestales es un esfuerzo significativo no solo para eliminar la madera y los productos de madera ilegales de la UE, sino también para ayudar a los países socios comerciales a mejorar sus definiciones de legalidad y sus procesos de verificación. Pero al utilizar los acuerdos bilaterales (Acuerdos de Asociación Voluntaria) como un mecanismo clave, la UE legitima a los estados-nación socios comerciales como la autoridad para decidir qué es legal. Nos involucramos en un debate teórico sobre las complejidades del significado de legalidad, y luego analizamos los datos empíricos recopilados de entrevistas en Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam y Europa con actores políticos, de la sociedad civil y de la industria para comprender cómo los diferentes actores entienden la legalidad. Encontramos nociones hegemónicas de la condición de estado de Westfalia en el núcleo de las nociones "globales" de legalidad y, a menudo, contrastan con los entendimientos locales de legalidad. Los actores no estatales entienden estas nociones hegemónicas de legalidad como impuestas sobre ellos y parte de un legado colonial. Además, las nociones de legalidad que no se ajustan a los entendimientos hegemónicos son fácilmente enmarcadas por los estados-nación como inmorales o criminales. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de comprender estos marcos para dilucidar los supuestos incrustados sobre lo que comprende la legalidad dentro de los conjuntos de actores globales. Timber legality trade restrictions and verification are a bundle of contemporary mechanisms triggered by global concerns about forest degradation and deforestation. The European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade initiative is a significant effort to not only screen out illegal timber and wood products from the EU, but also support trading partner countries to improve their legality definitions and verification processes. But by using bilateral agreements (Voluntary Partnership Agreements) as a key mechanism, the EU legitimizes trade partner nation-states as the authority to decide what is legal. We engage in a theoretical debate about the complexities of the meaning of legality, and then analyze empirical data collected from interviews in Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam and Europe with policy, civil society and industry actors to understand how different actors understand legality. We find hegemonic notions of Westphalian statehood at the core of 'global' notions of legality and often contrast with local understandings of legality. Non-state actors understand these hegemonic notions of legality as imposed upon them and part of a colonial legacy. Further, notions of legality that fail to conform with hegemonic understandings are readily framed by nation-states as immoral or criminal. We emphasize the importance of understanding these framings to elucidate the embedded assumptions about what comprises legality within assemblages of global actors. تعد القيود التجارية والتحقق من مشروعية الأخشاب مجموعة من الآليات المعاصرة الناجمة عن المخاوف العالمية بشأن تدهور الغابات وإزالة الغابات. إن مبادرة الاتحاد الأوروبي لإنفاذ قوانين الغابات والحوكمة والتجارة هي جهد كبير ليس فقط لفحص الأخشاب والمنتجات الخشبية غير القانونية من الاتحاد الأوروبي، ولكن أيضًا لدعم البلدان الشريكة التجارية لتحسين تعريفاتها القانونية وعمليات التحقق. ولكن باستخدام الاتفاقيات الثنائية (اتفاقيات الشراكة الطوعية) كآلية رئيسية، يضفي الاتحاد الأوروبي الشرعية على الدول الشريكة في التجارة كسلطة لتقرير ما هو قانوني. ننخرط في نقاش نظري حول تعقيدات معنى الشرعية، ثم نحلل البيانات التجريبية التي تم جمعها من المقابلات في غانا وإندونيسيا وفيتنام وأوروبا مع الجهات الفاعلة في مجال السياسة والمجتمع المدني والصناعة لفهم كيفية فهم الجهات الفاعلة المختلفة للشرعية. نجد مفاهيم الهيمنة لدولة ويستفاليا في صميم المفاهيم "العالمية" للشرعية وغالبًا ما تتناقض مع المفاهيم المحلية للشرعية. تفهم الجهات الفاعلة غير الحكومية هذه المفاهيم المهيمنة للشرعية على أنها مفروضة عليها وجزء من الإرث الاستعماري. علاوة على ذلك، فإن مفاهيم الشرعية التي لا تتوافق مع مفاهيم الهيمنة يتم تأطيرها بسهولة من قبل الدول القومية على أنها غير أخلاقية أو إجرامية. نؤكد على أهمية فهم هذه الأطر لتوضيح الافتراضات المضمنة حول ما يشكل الشرعية داخل تجمعات الجهات الفاعلة العالمية.
Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2020 Finland, United Kingdom, DenmarkPublisher:University of Arizona Funded by:WTWTMyers, R; Rutt, RL; McDermott, C; Maryudi, A; Acheampong, E; Camargo, M; Cầm, H;handle: 10138/325353
Les restrictions et la vérification du commerce de la légalité du bois sont un ensemble de mécanismes contemporains déclenchés par les préoccupations mondiales concernant la dégradation et la déforestation des forêts. L'initiative de l'Union européenne sur l'application des réglementations forestières, la gouvernance et le commerce est un effort important non seulement pour filtrer le bois et les produits du bois illégaux en provenance de l'UE, mais aussi pour aider les pays partenaires commerciaux à améliorer leurs définitions de la légalité et leurs processus de vérification. Mais en utilisant les accords bilatéraux (accords de partenariat volontaire) comme mécanisme clé, l'UE légitime les États-nations partenaires commerciaux en tant qu'autorité pour décider de ce qui est légal. Nous engageons un débat théorique sur les complexités du sens de la légalité, puis analysons les données empiriques recueillies lors d'entretiens au Ghana, en Indonésie, au Vietnam et en Europe avec des acteurs politiques, de la société civile et de l'industrie pour comprendre comment différents acteurs comprennent la légalité. Nous trouvons les notions hégémoniques d'État westphalien au cœur des notions « globales » de légalité et contrastons souvent avec les compréhensions locales de la légalité. Les acteurs non étatiques comprennent ces notions hégémoniques de légalité comme leur étant imposées et faisant partie d'un héritage colonial. En outre, les notions de légalité qui ne sont pas conformes aux compréhensions hégémoniques sont facilement qualifiées d'immorales ou de criminelles par les États-nations. Nous soulignons l'importance de comprendre ces cadres pour élucider les hypothèses intégrées sur ce qui comprend la légalité au sein des assemblages d'acteurs mondiaux. Las restricciones al comercio y la verificación de la legalidad de la madera son un conjunto de mecanismos contemporáneos desencadenados por las preocupaciones mundiales sobre la degradación forestal y la deforestación. La iniciativa de la Unión Europea sobre aplicación de las leyes, gobernanza y comercio forestales es un esfuerzo significativo no solo para eliminar la madera y los productos de madera ilegales de la UE, sino también para ayudar a los países socios comerciales a mejorar sus definiciones de legalidad y sus procesos de verificación. Pero al utilizar los acuerdos bilaterales (Acuerdos de Asociación Voluntaria) como un mecanismo clave, la UE legitima a los estados-nación socios comerciales como la autoridad para decidir qué es legal. Nos involucramos en un debate teórico sobre las complejidades del significado de legalidad, y luego analizamos los datos empíricos recopilados de entrevistas en Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam y Europa con actores políticos, de la sociedad civil y de la industria para comprender cómo los diferentes actores entienden la legalidad. Encontramos nociones hegemónicas de la condición de estado de Westfalia en el núcleo de las nociones "globales" de legalidad y, a menudo, contrastan con los entendimientos locales de legalidad. Los actores no estatales entienden estas nociones hegemónicas de legalidad como impuestas sobre ellos y parte de un legado colonial. Además, las nociones de legalidad que no se ajustan a los entendimientos hegemónicos son fácilmente enmarcadas por los estados-nación como inmorales o criminales. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de comprender estos marcos para dilucidar los supuestos incrustados sobre lo que comprende la legalidad dentro de los conjuntos de actores globales. Timber legality trade restrictions and verification are a bundle of contemporary mechanisms triggered by global concerns about forest degradation and deforestation. The European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade initiative is a significant effort to not only screen out illegal timber and wood products from the EU, but also support trading partner countries to improve their legality definitions and verification processes. But by using bilateral agreements (Voluntary Partnership Agreements) as a key mechanism, the EU legitimizes trade partner nation-states as the authority to decide what is legal. We engage in a theoretical debate about the complexities of the meaning of legality, and then analyze empirical data collected from interviews in Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam and Europe with policy, civil society and industry actors to understand how different actors understand legality. We find hegemonic notions of Westphalian statehood at the core of 'global' notions of legality and often contrast with local understandings of legality. Non-state actors understand these hegemonic notions of legality as imposed upon them and part of a colonial legacy. Further, notions of legality that fail to conform with hegemonic understandings are readily framed by nation-states as immoral or criminal. We emphasize the importance of understanding these framings to elucidate the embedded assumptions about what comprises legality within assemblages of global actors. تعد القيود التجارية والتحقق من مشروعية الأخشاب مجموعة من الآليات المعاصرة الناجمة عن المخاوف العالمية بشأن تدهور الغابات وإزالة الغابات. إن مبادرة الاتحاد الأوروبي لإنفاذ قوانين الغابات والحوكمة والتجارة هي جهد كبير ليس فقط لفحص الأخشاب والمنتجات الخشبية غير القانونية من الاتحاد الأوروبي، ولكن أيضًا لدعم البلدان الشريكة التجارية لتحسين تعريفاتها القانونية وعمليات التحقق. ولكن باستخدام الاتفاقيات الثنائية (اتفاقيات الشراكة الطوعية) كآلية رئيسية، يضفي الاتحاد الأوروبي الشرعية على الدول الشريكة في التجارة كسلطة لتقرير ما هو قانوني. ننخرط في نقاش نظري حول تعقيدات معنى الشرعية، ثم نحلل البيانات التجريبية التي تم جمعها من المقابلات في غانا وإندونيسيا وفيتنام وأوروبا مع الجهات الفاعلة في مجال السياسة والمجتمع المدني والصناعة لفهم كيفية فهم الجهات الفاعلة المختلفة للشرعية. نجد مفاهيم الهيمنة لدولة ويستفاليا في صميم المفاهيم "العالمية" للشرعية وغالبًا ما تتناقض مع المفاهيم المحلية للشرعية. تفهم الجهات الفاعلة غير الحكومية هذه المفاهيم المهيمنة للشرعية على أنها مفروضة عليها وجزء من الإرث الاستعماري. علاوة على ذلك، فإن مفاهيم الشرعية التي لا تتوافق مع مفاهيم الهيمنة يتم تأطيرها بسهولة من قبل الدول القومية على أنها غير أخلاقية أو إجرامية. نؤكد على أهمية فهم هذه الأطر لتوضيح الافتراضات المضمنة حول ما يشكل الشرعية داخل تجمعات الجهات الفاعلة العالمية.
Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 7 citations 7 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IOP Publishing Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Mark Hirons; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Peter R. Long; Sami W. Rifai; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Abstract Smallholder farmers dependent on rain-fed agriculture are particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events and, therefore, it is necessary to identify adaptive measures that would increase farmer resilience to these shocks. The management options in a low-input system, like forest coffee (Coffea arabica), are limited and there are several factors out of farmers’ control driving their vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. These can relate to social structures and landscape factors, which can interact to reduce farmers’ adaptive capacity, creating a state of contextual vulnerability. We explored the potential synergies of this interaction across elevation, patch area and shade management gradients for smallholder coffee farms around the UNESCO Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve in Ethiopia before, during and immediately following the 2015/16 El Niño. We documented a dramatic collapse in coffee yields across all farms, resulting in coffee incomes 29.5% ± 18.0% and 19.5% ± 10.0% of 2014 incomes in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We identified farms at elevations between 1500 and 1600 m with canopy openness between 40% and 45% as being consistently low yielding over our study period. We found these farmers had the highest rates of income diversification and, therefore, were already exhibiting adaptive capacity. Farmers with the largest income losses were spatially concentrated between 1600 and 1700 m, located in larger patch areas with lower canopy openness. Farmers at this elevation have access to poor infrastructure, restrictions on shade management and reported higher dependence on income from coffee, indicating an interaction of biotic and social factors exacerbating their vulnerability. Unfortunately, due to a nationally declared state of emergency, we were unable to survey farmers on the adaptive measures they undertook; therefore, we are limited in assessing their resilience. However, we do show the importance of considering both biotically and socially-mediated influences for assessing smallholder vulnerability, particularly barriers to diversifying incomes.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IOP Publishing Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Mark Hirons; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Peter R. Long; Sami W. Rifai; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Abstract Smallholder farmers dependent on rain-fed agriculture are particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events and, therefore, it is necessary to identify adaptive measures that would increase farmer resilience to these shocks. The management options in a low-input system, like forest coffee (Coffea arabica), are limited and there are several factors out of farmers’ control driving their vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. These can relate to social structures and landscape factors, which can interact to reduce farmers’ adaptive capacity, creating a state of contextual vulnerability. We explored the potential synergies of this interaction across elevation, patch area and shade management gradients for smallholder coffee farms around the UNESCO Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve in Ethiopia before, during and immediately following the 2015/16 El Niño. We documented a dramatic collapse in coffee yields across all farms, resulting in coffee incomes 29.5% ± 18.0% and 19.5% ± 10.0% of 2014 incomes in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We identified farms at elevations between 1500 and 1600 m with canopy openness between 40% and 45% as being consistently low yielding over our study period. We found these farmers had the highest rates of income diversification and, therefore, were already exhibiting adaptive capacity. Farmers with the largest income losses were spatially concentrated between 1600 and 1700 m, located in larger patch areas with lower canopy openness. Farmers at this elevation have access to poor infrastructure, restrictions on shade management and reported higher dependence on income from coffee, indicating an interaction of biotic and social factors exacerbating their vulnerability. Unfortunately, due to a nationally declared state of emergency, we were unable to survey farmers on the adaptive measures they undertook; therefore, we are limited in assessing their resilience. However, we do show the importance of considering both biotically and socially-mediated influences for assessing smallholder vulnerability, particularly barriers to diversifying incomes.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Article , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IGI Global Authors: Koulelis, P; McDermott, C;This research serves to integrate the concept of an “ecological footprint” into future-oriented forest management scenarios. Scenarios are commonly used to explore stakeholder perceptions of possible forest futures, and are typically focused on the local impacts of different management choices. This article illustrates how global footprint analysis can be incorporated into scenarios to enable local forest stakeholders in the EU to consider the impacts of their local decisions at national and global levels. This illustration could be helpful to the construction of a forest decision support system that includes wood trade information and social processes (simulation of management decisions under changing political/economic conditions). It finds that different future forest management scenarios involving a potential increase or decrease of the harvested timber, or potential increase or decrease of subsidies for forest protection, combined with various possible changes in local consumption patterns, might have impact on both “internal” (local) and “external” (non-local) forest footprints.
https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Article , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IGI Global Authors: Koulelis, P; McDermott, C;This research serves to integrate the concept of an “ecological footprint” into future-oriented forest management scenarios. Scenarios are commonly used to explore stakeholder perceptions of possible forest futures, and are typically focused on the local impacts of different management choices. This article illustrates how global footprint analysis can be incorporated into scenarios to enable local forest stakeholders in the EU to consider the impacts of their local decisions at national and global levels. This illustration could be helpful to the construction of a forest decision support system that includes wood trade information and social processes (simulation of management decisions under changing political/economic conditions). It finds that different future forest management scenarios involving a potential increase or decrease of the harvested timber, or potential increase or decrease of subsidies for forest protection, combined with various possible changes in local consumption patterns, might have impact on both “internal” (local) and “external” (non-local) forest footprints.
https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert https://doi.org/10.4... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticleLicense: CC BYData sources: UnpayWallInternational Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information SystemsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch012&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 Belgium, France, Canada, France, United KingdomPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Christoph Nolte; Lisa Rausch; Charlotte Streck; Yann le Polain de Waroux; Constance L. McDermott; Peter Newton; Rachael D. Garrett; Tannis Thorlakson; David McLaughlin; Eric F. Lambin; Eric F. Lambin; Leonardo C. Fleck; Nathalie F. Walker; Holly K. Gibbs; Kimberly M. Carlson; Pablo Pacheco; Robert Heilmayr;handle: 2078.1/213852 , 10568/95794
A major reduction in global deforestation is needed to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. Recent private sector commitments aim to eliminate deforestation from a company’s operations or supply chain, but they fall short on several fronts. Company pledges vary in the degree to which they include time-bound interventions with clear definitions and criteria to achieve verifiable outcomes. Zero-deforestation policies by companies may be insufficient to achieve broader impact on their own due to leakage, lack of transparency and traceability, selective adoption and smallholder marginalization. Public–private policy mixes are needed to increase the effectiveness of supply-chain initiatives that aim to reduce deforestation. We review current supply-chain initiatives, their effectiveness, and the challenges they face, and go on to identify knowledge gaps for complementary public–private policies.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 320 citations 320 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 Belgium, France, Canada, France, United KingdomPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Christoph Nolte; Lisa Rausch; Charlotte Streck; Yann le Polain de Waroux; Constance L. McDermott; Peter Newton; Rachael D. Garrett; Tannis Thorlakson; David McLaughlin; Eric F. Lambin; Eric F. Lambin; Leonardo C. Fleck; Nathalie F. Walker; Holly K. Gibbs; Kimberly M. Carlson; Pablo Pacheco; Robert Heilmayr;handle: 2078.1/213852 , 10568/95794
A major reduction in global deforestation is needed to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. Recent private sector commitments aim to eliminate deforestation from a company’s operations or supply chain, but they fall short on several fronts. Company pledges vary in the degree to which they include time-bound interventions with clear definitions and criteria to achieve verifiable outcomes. Zero-deforestation policies by companies may be insufficient to achieve broader impact on their own due to leakage, lack of transparency and traceability, selective adoption and smallholder marginalization. Public–private policy mixes are needed to increase the effectiveness of supply-chain initiatives that aim to reduce deforestation. We review current supply-chain initiatives, their effectiveness, and the challenges they face, and go on to identify knowledge gaps for complementary public–private policies.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 320 citations 320 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Sami W. Rifai; Mark Hirons; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John W. Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Le maintien des rendements pour l'agriculture vivace des petits exploitants dans un régime climatique en évolution rapide peut nécessiter la prise en compte des caractéristiques du paysage et des décisions de gestion à la ferme en tandem. L'optimisation du paysage et de la gestion peut ne pas être possible pour maximiser les rendements au cours d'une année, mais le maintien de paysages hétérogènes pourrait être une stratégie importante d'adaptation au climat. Dans cette étude, nous avons observé des gradients de gestion de l'altitude, des parcelles forestières et de l'ombre affectant les rendements du café des petits exploitants (Coffea arabica) au cours d'une année « normale » par rapport au El Niño 2015/16. Nous avons généralement constaté un avantage pour les rendements d'avoir des arbres d'ombrage légumineux et une faible ouverture de la canopée, tout en maintenant une ombre diversifiée ou une ouverture variable de la canopée ayant des influences plus complexes lors d'un choc climatique. Les deux années de choc climatique observées ont été dominées par la sécheresse ou des températures élevées, avec des réponses de rendement généralement négatives. Les projections climatiques pour l'Afrique de l'Est prévoient des précipitations plus irrégulières et des températures plus élevées, ce qui aura un impact disproportionné sur les petits exploitants agricoles. El mantenimiento de los rendimientos para la agricultura perenne de los pequeños agricultores en un régimen climático que cambia rápidamente puede requerir la consideración de las características del paisaje y las decisiones de gestión en la granja en conjunto. Es posible que no sea posible optimizar el paisaje y la gestión para maximizar los rendimientos en un año, pero mantener paisajes heterogéneos podría ser una estrategia importante de adaptación al clima. En este estudio, observamos gradientes de altitud, parche forestal y manejo de sombra que afectan los rendimientos de los pequeños productores de café (Coffea arabica) en un año "normal" en comparación con El Niño 2015/16. En general, encontramos un beneficio para los rendimientos al tener árboles de sombra leguminosos y baja apertura del dosel, mientras que mantener una sombra diversa o una apertura variable del dosel tuvo influencias más complejas durante un choque climático. Los dos años de shock climático observados estuvieron dominados por la sequía o las altas temperaturas, con respuestas de rendimiento generalmente negativas. Las proyecciones climáticas para África Oriental predicen precipitaciones más erráticas y temperaturas más altas, lo que afectará de manera desproporcionada a los pequeños agricultores. Sustaining yields for smallholder perennial agriculture under a rapidly changing climate regime may require consideration of landscape features and on-farm management decisions in tandem. Optimising landscape and management may not be possible for maximising yields in any one year but maintaining heterogeneous landscapes could be an important climate adaptation strategy. In this study, we observed elevation, forest patch and shade management gradients affecting smallholder coffee (Coffea arabica) yields in a 'normal' year versus the 2015/16 El Niño. We generally found a benefit to yields from having leguminous shade trees and low canopy openness, while maintaining diverse shade or varying canopy openness had more complex influences during a climate shock. The two years of observed climate shock were dominated by either drought or high temperatures, with yield responses generally negative. Climate projections for East Africa predict more erratic rainfall and higher temperatures, which will disproportionately impact smallholder farmers. قد يتطلب الحفاظ على غلة الزراعة المعمرة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في ظل نظام مناخي سريع التغير النظر في ميزات المناظر الطبيعية وقرارات الإدارة في المزرعة جنبًا إلى جنب. قد لا يكون تحسين المناظر الطبيعية وإدارتها ممكنًا لتحقيق أقصى قدر من الغلة في أي عام واحد، ولكن الحفاظ على المناظر الطبيعية غير المتجانسة قد يكون استراتيجية مهمة للتكيف مع المناخ. في هذه الدراسة، لاحظنا الارتفاع، وترقيع الغابات وتدرجات إدارة الظل التي تؤثر على غلة القهوة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (القهوة العربية) في سنة "طبيعية" مقارنة بظاهرة النينيو 2015/2016. وجدنا بشكل عام فائدة للغلة من وجود أشجار الظل البقولية والانفتاح المنخفض للمظلة، مع الحفاظ على الظل المتنوع أو الانفتاح المتفاوت للمظلة كان له تأثيرات أكثر تعقيدًا أثناء الصدمة المناخية. سيطر الجفاف أو درجات الحرارة المرتفعة على عامين من الصدمة المناخية المرصودة، مع ردود فعل سلبية بشكل عام. وتتنبأ التوقعات المناخية لشرق أفريقيا بمزيد من عدم انتظام هطول الأمطار وارتفاع درجات الحرارة، مما سيؤثر بشكل غير متناسب على صغار المزارعين.
Agriculture Ecosyste... arrow_drop_down Agriculture Ecosystems & EnvironmentArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2024License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Agriculture Ecosyste... arrow_drop_down Agriculture Ecosystems & EnvironmentArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2024License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Sami W. Rifai; Mark Hirons; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John W. Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Le maintien des rendements pour l'agriculture vivace des petits exploitants dans un régime climatique en évolution rapide peut nécessiter la prise en compte des caractéristiques du paysage et des décisions de gestion à la ferme en tandem. L'optimisation du paysage et de la gestion peut ne pas être possible pour maximiser les rendements au cours d'une année, mais le maintien de paysages hétérogènes pourrait être une stratégie importante d'adaptation au climat. Dans cette étude, nous avons observé des gradients de gestion de l'altitude, des parcelles forestières et de l'ombre affectant les rendements du café des petits exploitants (Coffea arabica) au cours d'une année « normale » par rapport au El Niño 2015/16. Nous avons généralement constaté un avantage pour les rendements d'avoir des arbres d'ombrage légumineux et une faible ouverture de la canopée, tout en maintenant une ombre diversifiée ou une ouverture variable de la canopée ayant des influences plus complexes lors d'un choc climatique. Les deux années de choc climatique observées ont été dominées par la sécheresse ou des températures élevées, avec des réponses de rendement généralement négatives. Les projections climatiques pour l'Afrique de l'Est prévoient des précipitations plus irrégulières et des températures plus élevées, ce qui aura un impact disproportionné sur les petits exploitants agricoles. El mantenimiento de los rendimientos para la agricultura perenne de los pequeños agricultores en un régimen climático que cambia rápidamente puede requerir la consideración de las características del paisaje y las decisiones de gestión en la granja en conjunto. Es posible que no sea posible optimizar el paisaje y la gestión para maximizar los rendimientos en un año, pero mantener paisajes heterogéneos podría ser una estrategia importante de adaptación al clima. En este estudio, observamos gradientes de altitud, parche forestal y manejo de sombra que afectan los rendimientos de los pequeños productores de café (Coffea arabica) en un año "normal" en comparación con El Niño 2015/16. En general, encontramos un beneficio para los rendimientos al tener árboles de sombra leguminosos y baja apertura del dosel, mientras que mantener una sombra diversa o una apertura variable del dosel tuvo influencias más complejas durante un choque climático. Los dos años de shock climático observados estuvieron dominados por la sequía o las altas temperaturas, con respuestas de rendimiento generalmente negativas. Las proyecciones climáticas para África Oriental predicen precipitaciones más erráticas y temperaturas más altas, lo que afectará de manera desproporcionada a los pequeños agricultores. Sustaining yields for smallholder perennial agriculture under a rapidly changing climate regime may require consideration of landscape features and on-farm management decisions in tandem. Optimising landscape and management may not be possible for maximising yields in any one year but maintaining heterogeneous landscapes could be an important climate adaptation strategy. In this study, we observed elevation, forest patch and shade management gradients affecting smallholder coffee (Coffea arabica) yields in a 'normal' year versus the 2015/16 El Niño. We generally found a benefit to yields from having leguminous shade trees and low canopy openness, while maintaining diverse shade or varying canopy openness had more complex influences during a climate shock. The two years of observed climate shock were dominated by either drought or high temperatures, with yield responses generally negative. Climate projections for East Africa predict more erratic rainfall and higher temperatures, which will disproportionately impact smallholder farmers. قد يتطلب الحفاظ على غلة الزراعة المعمرة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في ظل نظام مناخي سريع التغير النظر في ميزات المناظر الطبيعية وقرارات الإدارة في المزرعة جنبًا إلى جنب. قد لا يكون تحسين المناظر الطبيعية وإدارتها ممكنًا لتحقيق أقصى قدر من الغلة في أي عام واحد، ولكن الحفاظ على المناظر الطبيعية غير المتجانسة قد يكون استراتيجية مهمة للتكيف مع المناخ. في هذه الدراسة، لاحظنا الارتفاع، وترقيع الغابات وتدرجات إدارة الظل التي تؤثر على غلة القهوة لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (القهوة العربية) في سنة "طبيعية" مقارنة بظاهرة النينيو 2015/2016. وجدنا بشكل عام فائدة للغلة من وجود أشجار الظل البقولية والانفتاح المنخفض للمظلة، مع الحفاظ على الظل المتنوع أو الانفتاح المتفاوت للمظلة كان له تأثيرات أكثر تعقيدًا أثناء الصدمة المناخية. سيطر الجفاف أو درجات الحرارة المرتفعة على عامين من الصدمة المناخية المرصودة، مع ردود فعل سلبية بشكل عام. وتتنبأ التوقعات المناخية لشرق أفريقيا بمزيد من عدم انتظام هطول الأمطار وارتفاع درجات الحرارة، مما سيؤثر بشكل غير متناسب على صغار المزارعين.
Agriculture Ecosyste... arrow_drop_down Agriculture Ecosystems & EnvironmentArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2024License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2017 United KingdomPublisher:Ubiquity Press, Ltd. Authors: Saeed, A; McDermott, C; Boyd, E;doi: 10.18352/ijc.700
Forested countries in the global south that have agreed to engage in REDD+, a policy mechanism for addressing climate change, are receiving support to improve laws, policies, systems and structures. As a mechanism initiated at the global level and seeking to use forests to address a global commons crisis (atmospheric carbon concentration), understanding how REDD+ translates into implementation at the local level is essential. Therefore, using a systematic review approach, we examined 15 studies of REDD+ in the context of public and/or community managed forests, drawn from a comprehensive application of inclusion criteria to identify relevant published peer-reviewed empirical research. The common property resources literature was used to highlight the role of local institutions in REDD+ and to distil how REDD+ community forest projects conform to Ostrom’s collective action principles. The review revealed limited sharing of information and decision-making authority with communities; a general absence of FPIC; and a lack of defined benefit sharing and conflict resolution arrangements in many of the REDD+ projects.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.18352/ijc.700&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.18352/ijc.700&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2017 United KingdomPublisher:Ubiquity Press, Ltd. Authors: Saeed, A; McDermott, C; Boyd, E;doi: 10.18352/ijc.700
Forested countries in the global south that have agreed to engage in REDD+, a policy mechanism for addressing climate change, are receiving support to improve laws, policies, systems and structures. As a mechanism initiated at the global level and seeking to use forests to address a global commons crisis (atmospheric carbon concentration), understanding how REDD+ translates into implementation at the local level is essential. Therefore, using a systematic review approach, we examined 15 studies of REDD+ in the context of public and/or community managed forests, drawn from a comprehensive application of inclusion criteria to identify relevant published peer-reviewed empirical research. The common property resources literature was used to highlight the role of local institutions in REDD+ and to distil how REDD+ community forest projects conform to Ostrom’s collective action principles. The review revealed limited sharing of information and decision-making authority with communities; a general absence of FPIC; and a lack of defined benefit sharing and conflict resolution arrangements in many of the REDD+ projects.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.18352/ijc.700&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)International Journal of the CommonsArticle . 2017 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2017License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.18352/ijc.700&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV D. Sheleme; John Mason; Mark Hirons; Emily Boyd; Constance L. McDermott; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Zia Mehrabi; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; Techane Gonfa;This paper provides a multi-scalar examination of the Ethiopian coffee sector and its pursuit of climate resilience. Concern is growing about the potential impact of climate change on Arabica coffee in Ethiopia and the 25 million livelihoods it supports. Arabica coffee has a relatively narrow envelope of climatic suitability and recent studies suggest that the area of bioclimatically suitable space for the species in its native Ethiopia could decline dra- matically in the coming decades. We adopt a critical perspective on resilience that reflects on the situated nature of the ecology/science of coffee and climate change and the operation of social, economic, and discursive power across scales, paying particular attention to the differentiated impacts of climate change and associated resi- lience strategies. This analysis begins by reviewing Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy strategy and argues that the current lack of attention to coffee is inappropriate considering the coffee sector’s vulnerability to climate change, economic importance and association with forests. The paper then examines the contemporary coffee sector which provides the context for reflecting on three potential responses to the threat climate change poses; a spatial response from farmers, adaptive farm management responses such as changing shade levels and the development of the country’s genetic resources to cultivate improved varieties. The analysis explores the disconnect between the interventions emerging from national and international institutions and the local con- text. The multi-scale approach highlights the presence of complex normative trade-offs associated with pursing climate resilience strategies and reinforces the importance of appreciating the dynamics which influence deci- sion-making in the country.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 35 citations 35 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV D. Sheleme; John Mason; Mark Hirons; Emily Boyd; Constance L. McDermott; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Zia Mehrabi; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; Techane Gonfa;This paper provides a multi-scalar examination of the Ethiopian coffee sector and its pursuit of climate resilience. Concern is growing about the potential impact of climate change on Arabica coffee in Ethiopia and the 25 million livelihoods it supports. Arabica coffee has a relatively narrow envelope of climatic suitability and recent studies suggest that the area of bioclimatically suitable space for the species in its native Ethiopia could decline dra- matically in the coming decades. We adopt a critical perspective on resilience that reflects on the situated nature of the ecology/science of coffee and climate change and the operation of social, economic, and discursive power across scales, paying particular attention to the differentiated impacts of climate change and associated resi- lience strategies. This analysis begins by reviewing Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy strategy and argues that the current lack of attention to coffee is inappropriate considering the coffee sector’s vulnerability to climate change, economic importance and association with forests. The paper then examines the contemporary coffee sector which provides the context for reflecting on three potential responses to the threat climate change poses; a spatial response from farmers, adaptive farm management responses such as changing shade levels and the development of the country’s genetic resources to cultivate improved varieties. The analysis explores the disconnect between the interventions emerging from national and international institutions and the local con- text. The multi-scale approach highlights the presence of complex normative trade-offs associated with pursing climate resilience strategies and reinforces the importance of appreciating the dynamics which influence deci- sion-making in the country.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 35 citations 35 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Other literature type , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaConstance L. McDermott; Rebecca Ashley Asare; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Emily Boyd; John Mason; Mark Hirons;Cet article vise à contribuer au développement conceptuel en cours et à la poursuite pratique de la résilience, de la capacité d'absorber et de répondre aux chocs, dans un contexte agricole et de changement climatique. Il s'appuie sur des travaux qui visent à dissoudre le dualisme nature-société et à naturaliser les relations de pouvoir inhérentes à la pensée systémique en développant et en étendant un cadre initialement conçu pour intégrer la recherche sur la diversité biologique et culturelle. Le cadre « bioculturel » qui en résulte examine les pratiques, les institutions, les connaissances et les croyances en matière de moyens de subsistance et est appliqué à une étude de cas des communautés cacaoyères dans la région centrale du Ghana. S'appuyant sur des données recueillies sur trois ans couvrant un épisode de sécheresse lié à l'oscillation australe El Niño (ENSO), l'analyse démontre l'utilité d'une conception élargie de la résilience qui relie les pratiques de subsistance, qui définissent l'impact et la réponse aux sécheresses, aux connaissances, institutions et croyances constitutives qui façonnent ces pratiques. L'étude se concentre sur deux facteurs clés qui sous-tendent la résilience des producteurs de cacao aux chocs climatiques : l'accès aux zones humides et l'accès au crédit. Nous soutenons que les caractéristiques particulières des pratiques, des connaissances, des croyances et des institutions de subsistance, et de leurs interactions, peuvent à la fois renforcer et saper la résilience, lorsqu'elles sont considérées à différentes échelles spatiales, temporelles et sociales. Bien que de telles contradictions présentent des défis pour les décideurs politiques qui s'engagent dans la résilience climatique, l'analyse fournit des diagnostics plus clairs des principaux défis pour la résilience des systèmes agricoles et des informations sur les domaines où les interventions politiques pourraient être les plus efficaces. Este documento tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo conceptual continuo y la búsqueda práctica de la resiliencia, la capacidad de absorber y responder a los choques, en un contexto agrícola y de cambio climático. Se basa en un trabajo que tiene como objetivo disolver el dualismo naturaleza-sociedad y la naturalización de las relaciones de poder inherentes al pensamiento sistémico mediante el desarrollo y la ampliación de un marco originalmente concebido para integrar la investigación sobre la diversidad biológica y cultural. El marco "biocultural" resultante examina las prácticas, instituciones, conocimientos y creencias de los medios de vida y se aplica a un estudio de caso de las comunidades de cacao en la Región Central de Ghana. Basándose en datos recopilados durante tres años que abarcan un evento de sequía relacionado con El Niño Oscilación del Sur (Enos), el análisis demuestra la utilidad de una concepción ampliada de la resiliencia que vincule las prácticas de medios de vida, que definen el impacto y la respuesta a las sequías, con los conocimientos, instituciones y creencias constituyentes que dan forma a esas prácticas. El estudio se centra en dos factores clave que sustentan la resiliencia de los productores de cacao a los impactos climáticos: el acceso a los humedales y el acceso al crédito. Argumentamos que las características particulares de las prácticas, el conocimiento, las creencias y las instituciones de los medios de vida, y sus interacciones, pueden mejorar y socavar la resiliencia, cuando se ven a diferentes escalas espaciales, temporales y sociales. Aunque tales contradicciones presentan desafíos para los responsables políticos que se comprometen con la resiliencia climática, el análisis proporciona un diagnóstico más claro de los desafíos clave para la resiliencia de los sistemas agrícolas y una visión de dónde las intervenciones políticas podrían ser más efectivas. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conceptual development and practical pursuit of resilience, the ability to absorb and respond to shocks, in an agricultural and climate change context. It builds on work that aims to dissolve the nature-society dualism and naturalisation of power relations inherent in systems thinking by developing and extending a framework originally conceived to integrate research on biological and cultural diversity. The resultant 'biocultural' framework examines livelihood practices, institutions, knowledge and beliefs and is applied to a case study of cocoa communities in Ghana's Central Region. Drawing on data collected over three years spanning an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related drought event, the analysis demonstrates the utility of an expanded conception of resilience that links livelihood practices, which define the impact and response to droughts, with the constituent knowledge, institutions and beliefs that shape those practices. The study focuses on two key factors that underpin cocoa farmers' resilience to climate shocks: access to wetlands and access to credit. We argue that particular characteristics of livelihood practices, knowledge, belief and institutions, and their interactions, can be both resilience enhancing and undermining, when viewed at different spatial, temporal and social scales. Although such contradictions present challenges to policy-makers engaging with climate resilience, the analysis provides a clearer diagnoses of key challenges to the resilience of agricultural systems and insights into where policy interventions might be most effective. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى المساهمة في التطوير المفاهيمي المستمر والسعي العملي لتحقيق المرونة، والقدرة على استيعاب الصدمات والاستجابة لها، في سياق التغير الزراعي والمناخي. وهو يعتمد على العمل الذي يهدف إلى حل ثنائية الطبيعة والمجتمع وتجنيس علاقات القوة المتأصلة في تفكير النظم من خلال تطوير وتوسيع إطار تم تصميمه في الأصل لدمج البحوث المتعلقة بالتنوع البيولوجي والثقافي. يفحص الإطار "الثقافي الحيوي" الناتج ممارسات سبل العيش والمؤسسات والمعرفة والمعتقدات ويتم تطبيقه على دراسة حالة لمجتمعات الكاكاو في المنطقة الوسطى في غانا. بالاعتماد على البيانات التي تم جمعها على مدى ثلاث سنوات والتي تغطي حدث الجفاف المرتبط بالتذبذب الجنوبي لظاهرة النينيو (ENSO)، يوضح التحليل فائدة مفهوم موسع للمرونة يربط ممارسات سبل العيش، التي تحدد تأثير الجفاف والاستجابة له، بالمعرفة والمؤسسات والمعتقدات المكونة التي تشكل تلك الممارسات. تركز الدراسة على عاملين رئيسيين يدعمان قدرة مزارعي الكاكاو على التكيف مع الصدمات المناخية: الوصول إلى الأراضي الرطبة والحصول على الائتمان. ونجادل بأن الخصائص الخاصة لممارسات سبل العيش والمعرفة والمعتقدات والمؤسسات وتفاعلاتها يمكن أن تعزز المرونة وتقوضها، عند النظر إليها على نطاقات مكانية وزمنية واجتماعية مختلفة. على الرغم من أن هذه التناقضات تشكل تحديات لواضعي السياسات الذين يتعاملون مع مرونة المناخ، فإن التحليل يوفر تشخيصًا أوضح للتحديات الرئيسية التي تواجه مرونة النظم الزراعية ورؤى حول المجالات التي قد تكون فيها تدخلات السياسات أكثر فعالية.
Journal of Rural Stu... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 47 citations 47 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Rural Stu... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Other literature type , Journal 2018 United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaConstance L. McDermott; Rebecca Ashley Asare; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Emily Boyd; John Mason; Mark Hirons;Cet article vise à contribuer au développement conceptuel en cours et à la poursuite pratique de la résilience, de la capacité d'absorber et de répondre aux chocs, dans un contexte agricole et de changement climatique. Il s'appuie sur des travaux qui visent à dissoudre le dualisme nature-société et à naturaliser les relations de pouvoir inhérentes à la pensée systémique en développant et en étendant un cadre initialement conçu pour intégrer la recherche sur la diversité biologique et culturelle. Le cadre « bioculturel » qui en résulte examine les pratiques, les institutions, les connaissances et les croyances en matière de moyens de subsistance et est appliqué à une étude de cas des communautés cacaoyères dans la région centrale du Ghana. S'appuyant sur des données recueillies sur trois ans couvrant un épisode de sécheresse lié à l'oscillation australe El Niño (ENSO), l'analyse démontre l'utilité d'une conception élargie de la résilience qui relie les pratiques de subsistance, qui définissent l'impact et la réponse aux sécheresses, aux connaissances, institutions et croyances constitutives qui façonnent ces pratiques. L'étude se concentre sur deux facteurs clés qui sous-tendent la résilience des producteurs de cacao aux chocs climatiques : l'accès aux zones humides et l'accès au crédit. Nous soutenons que les caractéristiques particulières des pratiques, des connaissances, des croyances et des institutions de subsistance, et de leurs interactions, peuvent à la fois renforcer et saper la résilience, lorsqu'elles sont considérées à différentes échelles spatiales, temporelles et sociales. Bien que de telles contradictions présentent des défis pour les décideurs politiques qui s'engagent dans la résilience climatique, l'analyse fournit des diagnostics plus clairs des principaux défis pour la résilience des systèmes agricoles et des informations sur les domaines où les interventions politiques pourraient être les plus efficaces. Este documento tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo conceptual continuo y la búsqueda práctica de la resiliencia, la capacidad de absorber y responder a los choques, en un contexto agrícola y de cambio climático. Se basa en un trabajo que tiene como objetivo disolver el dualismo naturaleza-sociedad y la naturalización de las relaciones de poder inherentes al pensamiento sistémico mediante el desarrollo y la ampliación de un marco originalmente concebido para integrar la investigación sobre la diversidad biológica y cultural. El marco "biocultural" resultante examina las prácticas, instituciones, conocimientos y creencias de los medios de vida y se aplica a un estudio de caso de las comunidades de cacao en la Región Central de Ghana. Basándose en datos recopilados durante tres años que abarcan un evento de sequía relacionado con El Niño Oscilación del Sur (Enos), el análisis demuestra la utilidad de una concepción ampliada de la resiliencia que vincule las prácticas de medios de vida, que definen el impacto y la respuesta a las sequías, con los conocimientos, instituciones y creencias constituyentes que dan forma a esas prácticas. El estudio se centra en dos factores clave que sustentan la resiliencia de los productores de cacao a los impactos climáticos: el acceso a los humedales y el acceso al crédito. Argumentamos que las características particulares de las prácticas, el conocimiento, las creencias y las instituciones de los medios de vida, y sus interacciones, pueden mejorar y socavar la resiliencia, cuando se ven a diferentes escalas espaciales, temporales y sociales. Aunque tales contradicciones presentan desafíos para los responsables políticos que se comprometen con la resiliencia climática, el análisis proporciona un diagnóstico más claro de los desafíos clave para la resiliencia de los sistemas agrícolas y una visión de dónde las intervenciones políticas podrían ser más efectivas. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conceptual development and practical pursuit of resilience, the ability to absorb and respond to shocks, in an agricultural and climate change context. It builds on work that aims to dissolve the nature-society dualism and naturalisation of power relations inherent in systems thinking by developing and extending a framework originally conceived to integrate research on biological and cultural diversity. The resultant 'biocultural' framework examines livelihood practices, institutions, knowledge and beliefs and is applied to a case study of cocoa communities in Ghana's Central Region. Drawing on data collected over three years spanning an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related drought event, the analysis demonstrates the utility of an expanded conception of resilience that links livelihood practices, which define the impact and response to droughts, with the constituent knowledge, institutions and beliefs that shape those practices. The study focuses on two key factors that underpin cocoa farmers' resilience to climate shocks: access to wetlands and access to credit. We argue that particular characteristics of livelihood practices, knowledge, belief and institutions, and their interactions, can be both resilience enhancing and undermining, when viewed at different spatial, temporal and social scales. Although such contradictions present challenges to policy-makers engaging with climate resilience, the analysis provides a clearer diagnoses of key challenges to the resilience of agricultural systems and insights into where policy interventions might be most effective. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى المساهمة في التطوير المفاهيمي المستمر والسعي العملي لتحقيق المرونة، والقدرة على استيعاب الصدمات والاستجابة لها، في سياق التغير الزراعي والمناخي. وهو يعتمد على العمل الذي يهدف إلى حل ثنائية الطبيعة والمجتمع وتجنيس علاقات القوة المتأصلة في تفكير النظم من خلال تطوير وتوسيع إطار تم تصميمه في الأصل لدمج البحوث المتعلقة بالتنوع البيولوجي والثقافي. يفحص الإطار "الثقافي الحيوي" الناتج ممارسات سبل العيش والمؤسسات والمعرفة والمعتقدات ويتم تطبيقه على دراسة حالة لمجتمعات الكاكاو في المنطقة الوسطى في غانا. بالاعتماد على البيانات التي تم جمعها على مدى ثلاث سنوات والتي تغطي حدث الجفاف المرتبط بالتذبذب الجنوبي لظاهرة النينيو (ENSO)، يوضح التحليل فائدة مفهوم موسع للمرونة يربط ممارسات سبل العيش، التي تحدد تأثير الجفاف والاستجابة له، بالمعرفة والمؤسسات والمعتقدات المكونة التي تشكل تلك الممارسات. تركز الدراسة على عاملين رئيسيين يدعمان قدرة مزارعي الكاكاو على التكيف مع الصدمات المناخية: الوصول إلى الأراضي الرطبة والحصول على الائتمان. ونجادل بأن الخصائص الخاصة لممارسات سبل العيش والمعرفة والمعتقدات والمؤسسات وتفاعلاتها يمكن أن تعزز المرونة وتقوضها، عند النظر إليها على نطاقات مكانية وزمنية واجتماعية مختلفة. على الرغم من أن هذه التناقضات تشكل تحديات لواضعي السياسات الذين يتعاملون مع مرونة المناخ، فإن التحليل يوفر تشخيصًا أوضح للتحديات الرئيسية التي تواجه مرونة النظم الزراعية ورؤى حول المجالات التي قد تكون فيها تدخلات السياسات أكثر فعالية.
Journal of Rural Stu... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 47 citations 47 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Rural Stu... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 France, France, United States, United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Peter Newton; Peter Newton; Arun Agrawal; Reem Hajjar; Reem Hajjar; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; M. Bogaerts; Constance L. McDermott; Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto; Eva K. Wollenberg; Jeffrey C. Milder; Jeffrey C. Milder; Daniel Adshead;handle: 10568/97551
Abstract A number of governance mechanisms address socio-environmental challenges associated with commodity agriculture in tropical forested countries. Governance mechanisms that prove effective in one agricultural sector are often applied to other sectors as well. For example, voluntary certification programs have been adopted by producers of commodities as diverse as beef, coffee, palm oil, and soy. However, there are substantial differences in the extent to which governance mechanisms scale up and achieve impact in different sectors. This paper analyzes how the potential for scaling up a particular governance mechanism is influenced by environmental, market, and social geographies that differ between sectors. Through stakeholder interviews, farm-level surveys, and a literature review, we examine two types of voluntary governance mechanisms (third-party certification, and sustainable intensification programs) in the coffee and cattle sectors in Brazil, to understand why the two governance mechanisms have scaled differently between these two sectors. We find that third-party certification programs have scaled up relatively well in Brazil's coffee sector, more so than its cattle sector, in part owing to differences in sustainability priorities, market orientations, supply chain traceability, and social networks between the two sectors. We also find that pilot sustainable intensification programs in the cattle sector have had more success than certification in engaging farmers, in part because they involve less investment from participating farmers. We conclude that the distribution and quality of environmental resources, markets, knowledge, actors, and networks can play an important role in the ability of a governance mechanism to effectively take root.
CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.102&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 48 citations 48 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.102&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 France, France, United States, United KingdomPublisher:Elsevier BV Peter Newton; Peter Newton; Arun Agrawal; Reem Hajjar; Reem Hajjar; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; M. Bogaerts; Constance L. McDermott; Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto; Eva K. Wollenberg; Jeffrey C. Milder; Jeffrey C. Milder; Daniel Adshead;handle: 10568/97551
Abstract A number of governance mechanisms address socio-environmental challenges associated with commodity agriculture in tropical forested countries. Governance mechanisms that prove effective in one agricultural sector are often applied to other sectors as well. For example, voluntary certification programs have been adopted by producers of commodities as diverse as beef, coffee, palm oil, and soy. However, there are substantial differences in the extent to which governance mechanisms scale up and achieve impact in different sectors. This paper analyzes how the potential for scaling up a particular governance mechanism is influenced by environmental, market, and social geographies that differ between sectors. Through stakeholder interviews, farm-level surveys, and a literature review, we examine two types of voluntary governance mechanisms (third-party certification, and sustainable intensification programs) in the coffee and cattle sectors in Brazil, to understand why the two governance mechanisms have scaled differently between these two sectors. We find that third-party certification programs have scaled up relatively well in Brazil's coffee sector, more so than its cattle sector, in part owing to differences in sustainability priorities, market orientations, supply chain traceability, and social networks between the two sectors. We also find that pilot sustainable intensification programs in the cattle sector have had more success than certification in engaging farmers, in part because they involve less investment from participating farmers. We conclude that the distribution and quality of environmental resources, markets, knowledge, actors, and networks can play an important role in the ability of a governance mechanism to effectively take root.
CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.102&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 48 citations 48 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97551Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Vermont: ScholarWorks @ UVMArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/rsfac/83Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Cleaner ProductionArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2020Embargo end date: 03 Apr 2020 United KingdomPublisher:Frontiers Media SA Funded by:EC | LARMAR, UKRI | University of Oxford ESRC...EC| LARMAR ,UKRI| University of Oxford ESRC Doctoral Training Centre DTG 2011Authors: Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; +2 AuthorsVictoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; Constance L. McDermott; Elizabeth A. Asante;La production d'huile de palme au Ghana – qui est principalement cultivée par de petits exploitants (60 % et plus) – joue un rôle important dans les économies locales et les moyens de subsistance ruraux. En tant que culture multifonctionnelle, elle est intégrée dans la vie quotidienne des Ghanéens ruraux et urbains à la fois par les ménages individuels et au niveau industriel. Le secteur connaît actuellement une résurgence sous le régime du Nouveau Parti patriotique (NPP) du Ghana et est ciblé par la Table ronde sur l'huile de palme durable (PSPO) pour l'intensification des rendements et l'augmentation de la production à l'exportation. Les objectifs finaux de ces efforts comprennent la réduction de la pauvreté, les efforts de développement respectueux de l'environnement et la diversification agricole dans les zones rurales. Nous appliquons la « théorie de l'accès » de Ribot et Peluso (2003) pour évaluer les obstacles et les opportunités pour les petits producteurs de palmier à huile, et le degré auquel ils sont abordés par les interventions de la RSPO. Nos résultats mettent en évidence comment les producteurs locaux tirent de nombreux avantages de la production d'huile de palme en tant que source de revenus réguliers, culture résistante à la sécheresse et source d'huile de cuisson à usage domestique. Cependant, ils font également état de différents niveaux d'accès au financement, aux marchés, à la terre et au soutien technique, ainsi que de points de vue et de visions différents du développement du secteur du palmier à huile. L'accent mis par les initiatives gouvernementales et la RSPO sur les incitations basées sur le commerce international néglige cette diversité et, en particulier, l'importance des marchés locaux pour les moyens de subsistance ghanéens. Cela constitue une menace pour les meunières et les commerçantes, les producteurs les plus pauvres et les marchés locaux qu'ils approvisionnent, qui risquent de perdre l'accès à la chaîne d'approvisionnement en huile de palme. Plus généralement, ces résultats illustrent l'importance de comprendre comment les marchés interagissent à de multiples échelles locales et internationales, afin de concevoir des interventions qui atteindront et bénéficieront plus équitablement aux communautés locales. La producción de palma aceitera en Ghana, que es cultivada principalmente por pequeños agricultores (más del60%), desempeña un papel importante en las economías locales y los medios de vida rurales. Como cultivo multifuncional, está integrado en la vida cotidiana de los ghaneses rurales y urbanos, tanto en los hogares individuales como a nivel industrial. El sector está experimentando actualmente un resurgimiento bajo el gobierno del Nuevo Partido Patriótico (NPP) de Ghana y está siendo blanco de la Mesa Redonda sobre Aceite de Palma Sostenible (PSPO) para la intensificación del rendimiento y el aumento de la producción de exportación. Los objetivos finales de estos esfuerzos incluyen el alivio de la pobreza, los esfuerzos de desarrollo ambientalmente responsable y la diversificación agrícola en las zonas rurales. Aplicamos la "teoría del acceso" de Ribot y Peluso (2003) para evaluar las barreras y oportunidades para los pequeños agricultores de palma aceitera, y el grado en que estas son abordadas por las intervenciones de la RSPO. Nuestros resultados destacan cómo los productores locales obtienen muchos beneficios de la producción de aceite de palma como fuente de ingresos regulares, un cultivo resistente a la sequía y una fuente de aceite de cocina para uso doméstico. Sin embargo, también informan diferentes niveles de acceso a la financiación, los mercados, la tierra y el apoyo técnico, junto con diferentes puntos de vista y visiones sobre el desarrollo del sector de la palma aceitera. El enfoque de las iniciativas gubernamentales y de la RSPO en los incentivos basados en el comercio internacional pasa por alto esta diversidad y, en particular, la importancia de los mercados locales para los medios de vida de Ghana. Esto representa una amenaza para las mujeres molineras y comerciantes, los productores más pobres y los mercados locales a los que abastecen, que corren el riesgo de perder el acceso a la cadena de suministro de aceite de palma. De manera más general, estos hallazgos ilustran la importancia de comprender cómo interactúan los mercados a múltiples escalas locales e internacionales, con el fin de diseñar intervenciones que lleguen y beneficien de manera más equitativa a las comunidades locales. Oil palm production in Ghana – which is primarily cultivated by smallholders (60%+) – plays an important role in local economies and rural livelihoods. As a multi-functional crop, it is embedded in the everyday life of rural and urban Ghanaians both by individual households and on an industrial level. The sector is currently experiencing a resurgence under Ghana's New Patriotic Party (NPP) rule and is being targeted by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (PSPO) for yield intensification and increased export production. End goals of these efforts include poverty alleviation, environmentally responsible development efforts, and agricultural diversification in rural areas. We apply Ribot and Peluso's 'theory of access' (2003) to assess the barriers and opportunities for smallholder oil palm farmers, and the degree to which these are addressed by RSPO interventions. Our results highlight how local producers gain many benefits from palm oil production as a source of regular income, a drought-resilient crop, and a source of cooking oil for household use. However, they also report different levels of access to finance, markets, land, and technical support, along with differing views and visions of the oil palm sector's development. The focus of governmental and RSPO initiatives on international trade-based incentives overlooks this diversity and, in particular, the importance of local markets for Ghanaian livelihoods. This poses a threat to women millers and traders, poorer producers, and the local markets they supply who risk losing access to the palm oil supply chain. More generally, these findings illustrate the importance of understanding how markets interact at multiple local to international scales, in order to design interventions that will more equitably reach and benefit local communities. يلعب إنتاج زيت النخيل في غانا – الذي يزرعه في المقام الأول أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (أكثر من 60 ٪) – دورًا مهمًا في الاقتصادات المحلية وسبل العيش الريفية. كمحصول متعدد الوظائف، فهو جزء لا يتجزأ من الحياة اليومية للغانيين الريفيين والحضريين من قبل الأسر الفردية وعلى المستوى الصناعي. يشهد القطاع حاليًا انتعاشًا في ظل حكم الحزب الوطني الجديد في غانا (NPP) ويتم استهدافه من قبل المائدة المستديرة حول زيت النخيل المستدام (PSPO) لتكثيف الغلة وزيادة إنتاج الصادرات. وتشمل الأهداف النهائية لهذه الجهود التخفيف من حدة الفقر، وجهود التنمية المسؤولة بيئيا، والتنويع الزراعي في المناطق الريفية. نطبق "نظرية الوصول" لريبوت وبيلوسو (2003) لتقييم الحواجز والفرص المتاحة لمزارعي نخيل الزيت أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة، ودرجة معالجتها من خلال تدخلات RSPO. تسلط نتائجنا الضوء على كيفية حصول المنتجين المحليين على العديد من الفوائد من إنتاج زيت النخيل كمصدر للدخل المنتظم ومحصول مقاوم للجفاف ومصدر لزيت الطهي للاستخدام المنزلي. ومع ذلك، فإنها تبلغ أيضًا عن مستويات مختلفة من الوصول إلى التمويل والأسواق والأراضي والدعم الفني، إلى جانب وجهات النظر والرؤى المختلفة لتطوير قطاع نخيل الزيت. يتجاهل تركيز المبادرات الحكومية ومبادرات RSPO على الحوافز القائمة على التجارة الدولية هذا التنوع، ولا سيما أهمية الأسواق المحلية لسبل العيش الغانية. وهذا يشكل تهديدًا للمطاحنات والتجار، والمنتجين الفقراء، والأسواق المحلية التي يزودونها الذين يخاطرون بفقدان الوصول إلى سلسلة توريد زيت النخيل. وبشكل عام، توضح هذه النتائج أهمية فهم كيفية تفاعل الأسواق على مستويات محلية ودولية متعددة، من أجل تصميم تدخلات تصل إلى المجتمعات المحلية وتفيدها بشكل أكثر إنصافًا.
Frontiers in Sustain... arrow_drop_down Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Frontiers in Sustain... arrow_drop_down Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2020Embargo end date: 03 Apr 2020 United KingdomPublisher:Frontiers Media SA Funded by:EC | LARMAR, UKRI | University of Oxford ESRC...EC| LARMAR ,UKRI| University of Oxford ESRC Doctoral Training Centre DTG 2011Authors: Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; +2 AuthorsVictoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Victoria Alice Maguire-Rajpaul; Kaysara Khatun; Kaysara Khatun; Constance L. McDermott; Elizabeth A. Asante;La production d'huile de palme au Ghana – qui est principalement cultivée par de petits exploitants (60 % et plus) – joue un rôle important dans les économies locales et les moyens de subsistance ruraux. En tant que culture multifonctionnelle, elle est intégrée dans la vie quotidienne des Ghanéens ruraux et urbains à la fois par les ménages individuels et au niveau industriel. Le secteur connaît actuellement une résurgence sous le régime du Nouveau Parti patriotique (NPP) du Ghana et est ciblé par la Table ronde sur l'huile de palme durable (PSPO) pour l'intensification des rendements et l'augmentation de la production à l'exportation. Les objectifs finaux de ces efforts comprennent la réduction de la pauvreté, les efforts de développement respectueux de l'environnement et la diversification agricole dans les zones rurales. Nous appliquons la « théorie de l'accès » de Ribot et Peluso (2003) pour évaluer les obstacles et les opportunités pour les petits producteurs de palmier à huile, et le degré auquel ils sont abordés par les interventions de la RSPO. Nos résultats mettent en évidence comment les producteurs locaux tirent de nombreux avantages de la production d'huile de palme en tant que source de revenus réguliers, culture résistante à la sécheresse et source d'huile de cuisson à usage domestique. Cependant, ils font également état de différents niveaux d'accès au financement, aux marchés, à la terre et au soutien technique, ainsi que de points de vue et de visions différents du développement du secteur du palmier à huile. L'accent mis par les initiatives gouvernementales et la RSPO sur les incitations basées sur le commerce international néglige cette diversité et, en particulier, l'importance des marchés locaux pour les moyens de subsistance ghanéens. Cela constitue une menace pour les meunières et les commerçantes, les producteurs les plus pauvres et les marchés locaux qu'ils approvisionnent, qui risquent de perdre l'accès à la chaîne d'approvisionnement en huile de palme. Plus généralement, ces résultats illustrent l'importance de comprendre comment les marchés interagissent à de multiples échelles locales et internationales, afin de concevoir des interventions qui atteindront et bénéficieront plus équitablement aux communautés locales. La producción de palma aceitera en Ghana, que es cultivada principalmente por pequeños agricultores (más del60%), desempeña un papel importante en las economías locales y los medios de vida rurales. Como cultivo multifuncional, está integrado en la vida cotidiana de los ghaneses rurales y urbanos, tanto en los hogares individuales como a nivel industrial. El sector está experimentando actualmente un resurgimiento bajo el gobierno del Nuevo Partido Patriótico (NPP) de Ghana y está siendo blanco de la Mesa Redonda sobre Aceite de Palma Sostenible (PSPO) para la intensificación del rendimiento y el aumento de la producción de exportación. Los objetivos finales de estos esfuerzos incluyen el alivio de la pobreza, los esfuerzos de desarrollo ambientalmente responsable y la diversificación agrícola en las zonas rurales. Aplicamos la "teoría del acceso" de Ribot y Peluso (2003) para evaluar las barreras y oportunidades para los pequeños agricultores de palma aceitera, y el grado en que estas son abordadas por las intervenciones de la RSPO. Nuestros resultados destacan cómo los productores locales obtienen muchos beneficios de la producción de aceite de palma como fuente de ingresos regulares, un cultivo resistente a la sequía y una fuente de aceite de cocina para uso doméstico. Sin embargo, también informan diferentes niveles de acceso a la financiación, los mercados, la tierra y el apoyo técnico, junto con diferentes puntos de vista y visiones sobre el desarrollo del sector de la palma aceitera. El enfoque de las iniciativas gubernamentales y de la RSPO en los incentivos basados en el comercio internacional pasa por alto esta diversidad y, en particular, la importancia de los mercados locales para los medios de vida de Ghana. Esto representa una amenaza para las mujeres molineras y comerciantes, los productores más pobres y los mercados locales a los que abastecen, que corren el riesgo de perder el acceso a la cadena de suministro de aceite de palma. De manera más general, estos hallazgos ilustran la importancia de comprender cómo interactúan los mercados a múltiples escalas locales e internacionales, con el fin de diseñar intervenciones que lleguen y beneficien de manera más equitativa a las comunidades locales. Oil palm production in Ghana – which is primarily cultivated by smallholders (60%+) – plays an important role in local economies and rural livelihoods. As a multi-functional crop, it is embedded in the everyday life of rural and urban Ghanaians both by individual households and on an industrial level. The sector is currently experiencing a resurgence under Ghana's New Patriotic Party (NPP) rule and is being targeted by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (PSPO) for yield intensification and increased export production. End goals of these efforts include poverty alleviation, environmentally responsible development efforts, and agricultural diversification in rural areas. We apply Ribot and Peluso's 'theory of access' (2003) to assess the barriers and opportunities for smallholder oil palm farmers, and the degree to which these are addressed by RSPO interventions. Our results highlight how local producers gain many benefits from palm oil production as a source of regular income, a drought-resilient crop, and a source of cooking oil for household use. However, they also report different levels of access to finance, markets, land, and technical support, along with differing views and visions of the oil palm sector's development. The focus of governmental and RSPO initiatives on international trade-based incentives overlooks this diversity and, in particular, the importance of local markets for Ghanaian livelihoods. This poses a threat to women millers and traders, poorer producers, and the local markets they supply who risk losing access to the palm oil supply chain. More generally, these findings illustrate the importance of understanding how markets interact at multiple local to international scales, in order to design interventions that will more equitably reach and benefit local communities. يلعب إنتاج زيت النخيل في غانا – الذي يزرعه في المقام الأول أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة (أكثر من 60 ٪) – دورًا مهمًا في الاقتصادات المحلية وسبل العيش الريفية. كمحصول متعدد الوظائف، فهو جزء لا يتجزأ من الحياة اليومية للغانيين الريفيين والحضريين من قبل الأسر الفردية وعلى المستوى الصناعي. يشهد القطاع حاليًا انتعاشًا في ظل حكم الحزب الوطني الجديد في غانا (NPP) ويتم استهدافه من قبل المائدة المستديرة حول زيت النخيل المستدام (PSPO) لتكثيف الغلة وزيادة إنتاج الصادرات. وتشمل الأهداف النهائية لهذه الجهود التخفيف من حدة الفقر، وجهود التنمية المسؤولة بيئيا، والتنويع الزراعي في المناطق الريفية. نطبق "نظرية الوصول" لريبوت وبيلوسو (2003) لتقييم الحواجز والفرص المتاحة لمزارعي نخيل الزيت أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة، ودرجة معالجتها من خلال تدخلات RSPO. تسلط نتائجنا الضوء على كيفية حصول المنتجين المحليين على العديد من الفوائد من إنتاج زيت النخيل كمصدر للدخل المنتظم ومحصول مقاوم للجفاف ومصدر لزيت الطهي للاستخدام المنزلي. ومع ذلك، فإنها تبلغ أيضًا عن مستويات مختلفة من الوصول إلى التمويل والأسواق والأراضي والدعم الفني، إلى جانب وجهات النظر والرؤى المختلفة لتطوير قطاع نخيل الزيت. يتجاهل تركيز المبادرات الحكومية ومبادرات RSPO على الحوافز القائمة على التجارة الدولية هذا التنوع، ولا سيما أهمية الأسواق المحلية لسبل العيش الغانية. وهذا يشكل تهديدًا للمطاحنات والتجار، والمنتجين الفقراء، والأسواق المحلية التي يزودونها الذين يخاطرون بفقدان الوصول إلى سلسلة توريد زيت النخيل. وبشكل عام، توضح هذه النتائج أهمية فهم كيفية تفاعل الأسواق على مستويات محلية ودولية متعددة، من أجل تصميم تدخلات تصل إلى المجتمعات المحلية وتفيدها بشكل أكثر إنصافًا.
Frontiers in Sustain... arrow_drop_down Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Frontiers in Sustain... arrow_drop_down Frontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefOxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2020 Finland, United Kingdom, DenmarkPublisher:University of Arizona Funded by:WTWTMyers, R; Rutt, RL; McDermott, C; Maryudi, A; Acheampong, E; Camargo, M; Cầm, H;handle: 10138/325353
Les restrictions et la vérification du commerce de la légalité du bois sont un ensemble de mécanismes contemporains déclenchés par les préoccupations mondiales concernant la dégradation et la déforestation des forêts. L'initiative de l'Union européenne sur l'application des réglementations forestières, la gouvernance et le commerce est un effort important non seulement pour filtrer le bois et les produits du bois illégaux en provenance de l'UE, mais aussi pour aider les pays partenaires commerciaux à améliorer leurs définitions de la légalité et leurs processus de vérification. Mais en utilisant les accords bilatéraux (accords de partenariat volontaire) comme mécanisme clé, l'UE légitime les États-nations partenaires commerciaux en tant qu'autorité pour décider de ce qui est légal. Nous engageons un débat théorique sur les complexités du sens de la légalité, puis analysons les données empiriques recueillies lors d'entretiens au Ghana, en Indonésie, au Vietnam et en Europe avec des acteurs politiques, de la société civile et de l'industrie pour comprendre comment différents acteurs comprennent la légalité. Nous trouvons les notions hégémoniques d'État westphalien au cœur des notions « globales » de légalité et contrastons souvent avec les compréhensions locales de la légalité. Les acteurs non étatiques comprennent ces notions hégémoniques de légalité comme leur étant imposées et faisant partie d'un héritage colonial. En outre, les notions de légalité qui ne sont pas conformes aux compréhensions hégémoniques sont facilement qualifiées d'immorales ou de criminelles par les États-nations. Nous soulignons l'importance de comprendre ces cadres pour élucider les hypothèses intégrées sur ce qui comprend la légalité au sein des assemblages d'acteurs mondiaux. Las restricciones al comercio y la verificación de la legalidad de la madera son un conjunto de mecanismos contemporáneos desencadenados por las preocupaciones mundiales sobre la degradación forestal y la deforestación. La iniciativa de la Unión Europea sobre aplicación de las leyes, gobernanza y comercio forestales es un esfuerzo significativo no solo para eliminar la madera y los productos de madera ilegales de la UE, sino también para ayudar a los países socios comerciales a mejorar sus definiciones de legalidad y sus procesos de verificación. Pero al utilizar los acuerdos bilaterales (Acuerdos de Asociación Voluntaria) como un mecanismo clave, la UE legitima a los estados-nación socios comerciales como la autoridad para decidir qué es legal. Nos involucramos en un debate teórico sobre las complejidades del significado de legalidad, y luego analizamos los datos empíricos recopilados de entrevistas en Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam y Europa con actores políticos, de la sociedad civil y de la industria para comprender cómo los diferentes actores entienden la legalidad. Encontramos nociones hegemónicas de la condición de estado de Westfalia en el núcleo de las nociones "globales" de legalidad y, a menudo, contrastan con los entendimientos locales de legalidad. Los actores no estatales entienden estas nociones hegemónicas de legalidad como impuestas sobre ellos y parte de un legado colonial. Además, las nociones de legalidad que no se ajustan a los entendimientos hegemónicos son fácilmente enmarcadas por los estados-nación como inmorales o criminales. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de comprender estos marcos para dilucidar los supuestos incrustados sobre lo que comprende la legalidad dentro de los conjuntos de actores globales. Timber legality trade restrictions and verification are a bundle of contemporary mechanisms triggered by global concerns about forest degradation and deforestation. The European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade initiative is a significant effort to not only screen out illegal timber and wood products from the EU, but also support trading partner countries to improve their legality definitions and verification processes. But by using bilateral agreements (Voluntary Partnership Agreements) as a key mechanism, the EU legitimizes trade partner nation-states as the authority to decide what is legal. We engage in a theoretical debate about the complexities of the meaning of legality, and then analyze empirical data collected from interviews in Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam and Europe with policy, civil society and industry actors to understand how different actors understand legality. We find hegemonic notions of Westphalian statehood at the core of 'global' notions of legality and often contrast with local understandings of legality. Non-state actors understand these hegemonic notions of legality as imposed upon them and part of a colonial legacy. Further, notions of legality that fail to conform with hegemonic understandings are readily framed by nation-states as immoral or criminal. We emphasize the importance of understanding these framings to elucidate the embedded assumptions about what comprises legality within assemblages of global actors. تعد القيود التجارية والتحقق من مشروعية الأخشاب مجموعة من الآليات المعاصرة الناجمة عن المخاوف العالمية بشأن تدهور الغابات وإزالة الغابات. إن مبادرة الاتحاد الأوروبي لإنفاذ قوانين الغابات والحوكمة والتجارة هي جهد كبير ليس فقط لفحص الأخشاب والمنتجات الخشبية غير القانونية من الاتحاد الأوروبي، ولكن أيضًا لدعم البلدان الشريكة التجارية لتحسين تعريفاتها القانونية وعمليات التحقق. ولكن باستخدام الاتفاقيات الثنائية (اتفاقيات الشراكة الطوعية) كآلية رئيسية، يضفي الاتحاد الأوروبي الشرعية على الدول الشريكة في التجارة كسلطة لتقرير ما هو قانوني. ننخرط في نقاش نظري حول تعقيدات معنى الشرعية، ثم نحلل البيانات التجريبية التي تم جمعها من المقابلات في غانا وإندونيسيا وفيتنام وأوروبا مع الجهات الفاعلة في مجال السياسة والمجتمع المدني والصناعة لفهم كيفية فهم الجهات الفاعلة المختلفة للشرعية. نجد مفاهيم الهيمنة لدولة ويستفاليا في صميم المفاهيم "العالمية" للشرعية وغالبًا ما تتناقض مع المفاهيم المحلية للشرعية. تفهم الجهات الفاعلة غير الحكومية هذه المفاهيم المهيمنة للشرعية على أنها مفروضة عليها وجزء من الإرث الاستعماري. علاوة على ذلك، فإن مفاهيم الشرعية التي لا تتوافق مع مفاهيم الهيمنة يتم تأطيرها بسهولة من قبل الدول القومية على أنها غير أخلاقية أو إجرامية. نؤكد على أهمية فهم هذه الأطر لتوضيح الافتراضات المضمنة حول ما يشكل الشرعية داخل تجمعات الجهات الفاعلة العالمية.
Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 7 citations 7 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2020 Finland, United Kingdom, DenmarkPublisher:University of Arizona Funded by:WTWTMyers, R; Rutt, RL; McDermott, C; Maryudi, A; Acheampong, E; Camargo, M; Cầm, H;handle: 10138/325353
Les restrictions et la vérification du commerce de la légalité du bois sont un ensemble de mécanismes contemporains déclenchés par les préoccupations mondiales concernant la dégradation et la déforestation des forêts. L'initiative de l'Union européenne sur l'application des réglementations forestières, la gouvernance et le commerce est un effort important non seulement pour filtrer le bois et les produits du bois illégaux en provenance de l'UE, mais aussi pour aider les pays partenaires commerciaux à améliorer leurs définitions de la légalité et leurs processus de vérification. Mais en utilisant les accords bilatéraux (accords de partenariat volontaire) comme mécanisme clé, l'UE légitime les États-nations partenaires commerciaux en tant qu'autorité pour décider de ce qui est légal. Nous engageons un débat théorique sur les complexités du sens de la légalité, puis analysons les données empiriques recueillies lors d'entretiens au Ghana, en Indonésie, au Vietnam et en Europe avec des acteurs politiques, de la société civile et de l'industrie pour comprendre comment différents acteurs comprennent la légalité. Nous trouvons les notions hégémoniques d'État westphalien au cœur des notions « globales » de légalité et contrastons souvent avec les compréhensions locales de la légalité. Les acteurs non étatiques comprennent ces notions hégémoniques de légalité comme leur étant imposées et faisant partie d'un héritage colonial. En outre, les notions de légalité qui ne sont pas conformes aux compréhensions hégémoniques sont facilement qualifiées d'immorales ou de criminelles par les États-nations. Nous soulignons l'importance de comprendre ces cadres pour élucider les hypothèses intégrées sur ce qui comprend la légalité au sein des assemblages d'acteurs mondiaux. Las restricciones al comercio y la verificación de la legalidad de la madera son un conjunto de mecanismos contemporáneos desencadenados por las preocupaciones mundiales sobre la degradación forestal y la deforestación. La iniciativa de la Unión Europea sobre aplicación de las leyes, gobernanza y comercio forestales es un esfuerzo significativo no solo para eliminar la madera y los productos de madera ilegales de la UE, sino también para ayudar a los países socios comerciales a mejorar sus definiciones de legalidad y sus procesos de verificación. Pero al utilizar los acuerdos bilaterales (Acuerdos de Asociación Voluntaria) como un mecanismo clave, la UE legitima a los estados-nación socios comerciales como la autoridad para decidir qué es legal. Nos involucramos en un debate teórico sobre las complejidades del significado de legalidad, y luego analizamos los datos empíricos recopilados de entrevistas en Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam y Europa con actores políticos, de la sociedad civil y de la industria para comprender cómo los diferentes actores entienden la legalidad. Encontramos nociones hegemónicas de la condición de estado de Westfalia en el núcleo de las nociones "globales" de legalidad y, a menudo, contrastan con los entendimientos locales de legalidad. Los actores no estatales entienden estas nociones hegemónicas de legalidad como impuestas sobre ellos y parte de un legado colonial. Además, las nociones de legalidad que no se ajustan a los entendimientos hegemónicos son fácilmente enmarcadas por los estados-nación como inmorales o criminales. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de comprender estos marcos para dilucidar los supuestos incrustados sobre lo que comprende la legalidad dentro de los conjuntos de actores globales. Timber legality trade restrictions and verification are a bundle of contemporary mechanisms triggered by global concerns about forest degradation and deforestation. The European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade initiative is a significant effort to not only screen out illegal timber and wood products from the EU, but also support trading partner countries to improve their legality definitions and verification processes. But by using bilateral agreements (Voluntary Partnership Agreements) as a key mechanism, the EU legitimizes trade partner nation-states as the authority to decide what is legal. We engage in a theoretical debate about the complexities of the meaning of legality, and then analyze empirical data collected from interviews in Ghana, Indonesia, Vietnam and Europe with policy, civil society and industry actors to understand how different actors understand legality. We find hegemonic notions of Westphalian statehood at the core of 'global' notions of legality and often contrast with local understandings of legality. Non-state actors understand these hegemonic notions of legality as imposed upon them and part of a colonial legacy. Further, notions of legality that fail to conform with hegemonic understandings are readily framed by nation-states as immoral or criminal. We emphasize the importance of understanding these framings to elucidate the embedded assumptions about what comprises legality within assemblages of global actors. تعد القيود التجارية والتحقق من مشروعية الأخشاب مجموعة من الآليات المعاصرة الناجمة عن المخاوف العالمية بشأن تدهور الغابات وإزالة الغابات. إن مبادرة الاتحاد الأوروبي لإنفاذ قوانين الغابات والحوكمة والتجارة هي جهد كبير ليس فقط لفحص الأخشاب والمنتجات الخشبية غير القانونية من الاتحاد الأوروبي، ولكن أيضًا لدعم البلدان الشريكة التجارية لتحسين تعريفاتها القانونية وعمليات التحقق. ولكن باستخدام الاتفاقيات الثنائية (اتفاقيات الشراكة الطوعية) كآلية رئيسية، يضفي الاتحاد الأوروبي الشرعية على الدول الشريكة في التجارة كسلطة لتقرير ما هو قانوني. ننخرط في نقاش نظري حول تعقيدات معنى الشرعية، ثم نحلل البيانات التجريبية التي تم جمعها من المقابلات في غانا وإندونيسيا وفيتنام وأوروبا مع الجهات الفاعلة في مجال السياسة والمجتمع المدني والصناعة لفهم كيفية فهم الجهات الفاعلة المختلفة للشرعية. نجد مفاهيم الهيمنة لدولة ويستفاليا في صميم المفاهيم "العالمية" للشرعية وغالبًا ما تتناقض مع المفاهيم المحلية للشرعية. تفهم الجهات الفاعلة غير الحكومية هذه المفاهيم المهيمنة للشرعية على أنها مفروضة عليها وجزء من الإرث الاستعماري. علاوة على ذلك، فإن مفاهيم الشرعية التي لا تتوافق مع مفاهيم الهيمنة يتم تأطيرها بسهولة من قبل الدول القومية على أنها غير أخلاقية أو إجرامية. نؤكد على أهمية فهم هذه الأطر لتوضيح الافتراضات المضمنة حول ما يشكل الشرعية داخل تجمعات الجهات الفاعلة العالمية.
Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2458/v27i1.23208&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 7 citations 7 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Political... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2020License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveCopenhagen University Research Information SystemArticle . 2020Data sources: Copenhagen University Research Information SystemUniversity of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiArticle . 2021 . Peer-reviewedData sources: HELDA - Digital Repository of the University of HelsinkiUniversity of East Anglia: UEA Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2458/v27i1.23208&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IOP Publishing Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Mark Hirons; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Peter R. Long; Sami W. Rifai; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Abstract Smallholder farmers dependent on rain-fed agriculture are particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events and, therefore, it is necessary to identify adaptive measures that would increase farmer resilience to these shocks. The management options in a low-input system, like forest coffee (Coffea arabica), are limited and there are several factors out of farmers’ control driving their vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. These can relate to social structures and landscape factors, which can interact to reduce farmers’ adaptive capacity, creating a state of contextual vulnerability. We explored the potential synergies of this interaction across elevation, patch area and shade management gradients for smallholder coffee farms around the UNESCO Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve in Ethiopia before, during and immediately following the 2015/16 El Niño. We documented a dramatic collapse in coffee yields across all farms, resulting in coffee incomes 29.5% ± 18.0% and 19.5% ± 10.0% of 2014 incomes in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We identified farms at elevations between 1500 and 1600 m with canopy openness between 40% and 45% as being consistently low yielding over our study period. We found these farmers had the highest rates of income diversification and, therefore, were already exhibiting adaptive capacity. Farmers with the largest income losses were spatially concentrated between 1600 and 1700 m, located in larger patch areas with lower canopy openness. Farmers at this elevation have access to poor infrastructure, restrictions on shade management and reported higher dependence on income from coffee, indicating an interaction of biotic and social factors exacerbating their vulnerability. Unfortunately, due to a nationally declared state of emergency, we were unable to survey farmers on the adaptive measures they undertook; therefore, we are limited in assessing their resilience. However, we do show the importance of considering both biotically and socially-mediated influences for assessing smallholder vulnerability, particularly barriers to diversifying incomes.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2019 United KingdomPublisher:IOP Publishing Funded by:UKRI | Socio-ecological response...UKRI| Socio-ecological response and resilience to El Niño shocks :The case of coffee and cocoa agroforestry landscapes in AfricaAlexandra Morel; Mark Hirons; Sheleme Demissie; Techane Gonfa; Zia Mehrabi; Peter R. Long; Sami W. Rifai; Tadesse Woldemariam Gole; John Mason; Constance L. McDermott; Emily Boyd; Elizabeth Robinson; Yadvinder Malhi; Ken Norris;Abstract Smallholder farmers dependent on rain-fed agriculture are particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events and, therefore, it is necessary to identify adaptive measures that would increase farmer resilience to these shocks. The management options in a low-input system, like forest coffee (Coffea arabica), are limited and there are several factors out of farmers’ control driving their vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. These can relate to social structures and landscape factors, which can interact to reduce farmers’ adaptive capacity, creating a state of contextual vulnerability. We explored the potential synergies of this interaction across elevation, patch area and shade management gradients for smallholder coffee farms around the UNESCO Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve in Ethiopia before, during and immediately following the 2015/16 El Niño. We documented a dramatic collapse in coffee yields across all farms, resulting in coffee incomes 29.5% ± 18.0% and 19.5% ± 10.0% of 2014 incomes in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We identified farms at elevations between 1500 and 1600 m with canopy openness between 40% and 45% as being consistently low yielding over our study period. We found these farmers had the highest rates of income diversification and, therefore, were already exhibiting adaptive capacity. Farmers with the largest income losses were spatially concentrated between 1600 and 1700 m, located in larger patch areas with lower canopy openness. Farmers at this elevation have access to poor infrastructure, restrictions on shade management and reported higher dependence on income from coffee, indicating an interaction of biotic and social factors exacerbating their vulnerability. Unfortunately, due to a nationally declared state of emergency, we were unable to survey farmers on the adaptive measures they undertook; therefore, we are limited in assessing their resilience. However, we do show the importance of considering both biotically and socially-mediated influences for assessing smallholder vulnerability, particularly barriers to diversifying incomes.
CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down Central Archive at the University of ReadingArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2019License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research Archiveadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab2280&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu