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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Journal , Other literature type 2020 United StatesPublisher:MDPI AG Authors:Deewakar Poudel;
Shankar Karki; Benjamin Belfore; Grace Rajan; +4 AuthorsDeewakar Poudel
Deewakar Poudel in OpenAIREDeewakar Poudel;
Shankar Karki; Benjamin Belfore; Grace Rajan; Sushma Swaraj Atluri; Sina Soltanmohammad;Deewakar Poudel
Deewakar Poudel in OpenAIREAngus Rockett;
Angus Rockett
Angus Rockett in OpenAIRESylvain Marsillac;
Sylvain Marsillac
Sylvain Marsillac in OpenAIREThe impact of moisture ingress on the surface of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells was studied. While industry-scale modules are encapsulated in specialized polymers and glass, over time, the glass can break and the encapsulant can degrade. During such conditions, water can potentially degrade the interior layers and decrease performance. The first layer the water will come in contact with is the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. To simulate the impact of this moisture ingress, complete devices were immersed in deionized water. To identify the potential sources of degradation, a common window layer for CIGS devices—a bilayer of intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO) and conductive indium tin oxide (ITO)—was deposited. The thin films were then analyzed both pre and post water soaking. To determine the extent of ingress, dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was performed on completed devices to analyze impurity diffusion (predominantly sodium and potassium) in the devices. The results were compared to device measurements, and indicated a degradation of device efficiency (mostly fill factor, contrary to previous studies), potentially due to a modification of the alkali profile.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4545/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOld Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc45...Conference object . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13174545&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 18 citations 18 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4545/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOld Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc45...Conference object . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13174545&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022Publisher:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Authors:Benjamin Belfore;
Benjamin Belfore
Benjamin Belfore in OpenAIREDeewakar Poudel;
Deewakar Poudel
Deewakar Poudel in OpenAIREThomas Lepetit;
Elizabeth Palmiotti; +4 AuthorsThomas Lepetit
Thomas Lepetit in OpenAIREBenjamin Belfore;
Benjamin Belfore
Benjamin Belfore in OpenAIREDeewakar Poudel;
Deewakar Poudel
Deewakar Poudel in OpenAIREThomas Lepetit;
Elizabeth Palmiotti; Tasnuva Ashrafee;Thomas Lepetit
Thomas Lepetit in OpenAIREAngus Rockett;
Nicolas Barreau;Angus Rockett
Angus Rockett in OpenAIRESylvain Marsillac;
Sylvain Marsillac
Sylvain Marsillac in OpenAIREIEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2022.3214425&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert IEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2022.3214425&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2012 United StatesPublisher:Wiley doi: 10.1155/2012/385185
Cu(In,Ga)Se2solar cells were fabricated using a hybrid cosputtering/evaporation process, and efficiencies as high as 12.4% were achieved. The films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, glancing incidence X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, and transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy, and their properties were compared to the ones of films deposited by coevaporation. Even though the films were relatively similar, the ones deposited by the hybrid process tend to have smaller grains with a slightly preferred orientation along the (112) axis and a rougher surface. Both types of films have uniform composition through the depth. Characterization of these films by variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry allowed for the calculation of the position of the critical points, via calculation of the second derivative of the dielectric function and fit with critical points parabolic band oscillators. The solar cells were then characterized by current-voltage and quantum efficiency measurements. An analysis of the diode parameters indicates that the cells are mostly limited by a low fill factor, associated mostly with a high diode quality factor () and high series resistance ( ) .
Old Dominion Univers... arrow_drop_down Old Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2012Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)International Journal of PhotoenergyArticle . 2012 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1155/2012/385185&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Old Dominion Univers... arrow_drop_down Old Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2012Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)International Journal of PhotoenergyArticle . 2012 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1155/2012/385185&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Authors:Shankar Karki;
Pran Paul;Shankar Karki
Shankar Karki in OpenAIREJulia I. Deitz;
Deewakar Poudel; +8 AuthorsJulia I. Deitz
Julia I. Deitz in OpenAIREShankar Karki;
Pran Paul;Shankar Karki
Shankar Karki in OpenAIREJulia I. Deitz;
Deewakar Poudel;Julia I. Deitz
Julia I. Deitz in OpenAIREGrace Rajan;
Grace Rajan
Grace Rajan in OpenAIREBenjamin Belfore;
Benjamin Belfore
Benjamin Belfore in OpenAIREEvgeny O. Danilov;
Evgeny O. Danilov
Evgeny O. Danilov in OpenAIREFelix N. Castellano;
Felix N. Castellano
Felix N. Castellano in OpenAIRETyler J. Grassman;
Tyler J. Grassman
Tyler J. Grassman in OpenAIREAaron Arehart;
Aaron Arehart
Aaron Arehart in OpenAIREAngus Rockett;
Angus Rockett
Angus Rockett in OpenAIRESylvain Marsillac;
Sylvain Marsillac
Sylvain Marsillac in OpenAIREThe impact of moisture and heat treatment on the microstructural, chemical, and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films and their collective effect on the solar cell device performance was studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements show that water exposure causes surface modification and alters the alkali metal distribution, while no composition or structural effect was observed. Deep level transient and optical spectroscopies revealed that the trap densities ( NT ) for both the EV + 0.65 eV and EV + 0.98 eV traps increase after water exposure, while the majority carrier concentration ( NA ) decreases. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) and steady-state PL measurements indicated the presence of static, not dynamic, quenching. Reduction of open-circuit voltage ( V OC) and fill factor (FF) was observed for the devices but was not associated with a change of recombination mechanism, which remains in the absorber space charge region. A small increase in series resistance and shunt conductance accounts for most of the FF change, while the modification in both NA and NT yield most of the change in V OC. A gradient of majority carrier concentration, related to the alkali profile, also yields a small voltage-dependent current collection after moisture and heat treatment.
IEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2019.2912707&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesbronze 16 citations 16 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert IEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2019.2912707&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Authors:Benjamin Belfore;
Benjamin Belfore
Benjamin Belfore in OpenAIREOrlando Ayala;
Tasnuva Ashrafee;Orlando Ayala
Orlando Ayala in OpenAIREGrace Rajan;
+2 AuthorsGrace Rajan
Grace Rajan in OpenAIREBenjamin Belfore;
Benjamin Belfore
Benjamin Belfore in OpenAIREOrlando Ayala;
Tasnuva Ashrafee;Orlando Ayala
Orlando Ayala in OpenAIREGrace Rajan;
Grace Rajan
Grace Rajan in OpenAIREShankar Karki;
Shankar Karki
Shankar Karki in OpenAIRESylvain Marsillac;
Sylvain Marsillac
Sylvain Marsillac in OpenAIREAlkali ions are key to improving the performance of polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Typically, a soda–lime glass substrate acts as an intrinsic source for many alkali ions. For these ions to reach the CIGS layer, diffusion through a metallic back contact is necessary. Typically deposited via sputtering, the morphology of this metallic back contact is dependent on multiple deposition parameters, including substrate temperature. By preparing films with varying deposition parameters, and utilizing both, multiple material characterizations (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry) and numerical modeling, we demonstrate here that effective paths of diffusion are just as important as diffusion rate for the alkali ions. As the substrate temperature increases, the mechanism that hinders the ability for alkali ions to diffuse switches effectively from diffusion rate to effective path of diffusion. It is shown that the lack of viable diffusion paths at substrate temperatures above 100 °C becomes the dominant factor for the transport of alkali ions.
IEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticleLicense: publisher-specific, author manuscriptData sources: UnpayWallIEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2018.2882211&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 7 citations 7 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert IEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticleLicense: publisher-specific, author manuscriptData sources: UnpayWallIEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2018.2882211&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2012 United StatesPublisher:Wiley doi: 10.1155/2012/723714
Molybdenum thin films were deposited by rf and dc magnetron sputtering and their properties analyzed with regards to their potential application as a back contact for CIGS solar cells. It is shown that both types of films tend to transition from tensile to compressive strain when the deposition pressure increases, while the conductivity and the grain size decreas. The nucleation of the films characterized byin situand real time spectroscopic ellipsometry shows that both films follow a Volmer-Weber growth, with a higher surface roughness and lower deposition rate for the rf deposited films. The electronic relaxation time was then extracted as a function of bulk layer thickness for rf and dc films by fitting each dielectric function to a Drude free-electron model combined with a broad Lorentz oscillator. The values were fitted to a conical growth mode and demonstrated that the rf-deposited films have already smaller grains than the dc films when the bulk layer thickness is 30 nm.
Old Dominion Univers... arrow_drop_down Old Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2012Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)International Journal of PhotoenergyArticle . 2012 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1155/2012/723714&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 44 citations 44 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Old Dominion Univers... arrow_drop_down Old Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2012Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)International Journal of PhotoenergyArticle . 2012 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1155/2012/723714&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020Publisher:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Authors:Shankar Karki;
Shankar Karki
Shankar Karki in OpenAIREJulia I. Deitz;
Julia I. Deitz
Julia I. Deitz in OpenAIREGrace Rajan;
Grace Rajan
Grace Rajan in OpenAIRESina Soltanmohammad;
+6 AuthorsSina Soltanmohammad
Sina Soltanmohammad in OpenAIREShankar Karki;
Shankar Karki
Shankar Karki in OpenAIREJulia I. Deitz;
Julia I. Deitz
Julia I. Deitz in OpenAIREGrace Rajan;
Grace Rajan
Grace Rajan in OpenAIRESina Soltanmohammad;
Sina Soltanmohammad
Sina Soltanmohammad in OpenAIREDeewakar Poudel;
Deewakar Poudel
Deewakar Poudel in OpenAIREBenjamin Belfore;
Gandhari Bhandari;Benjamin Belfore
Benjamin Belfore in OpenAIRETyler J. Grassman;
Tyler J. Grassman
Tyler J. Grassman in OpenAIREAngus Rockett;
Angus Rockett
Angus Rockett in OpenAIRESylvain Marsillac;
Sylvain Marsillac
Sylvain Marsillac in OpenAIRESolar cell degradation can occur through many pathways and at the different stages of the fabrication process, notably because of the water condensation. In the case of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells, the impact of water ingress on Mo back contact can be substantial for not only the film itself but also the device performance and reliability. Microstructural modification, change in film morphology, loss in reflectance, and increased resistivity because of the moisture ingress were observed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and four-point probe measurements, respectively. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements revealed drastic changes in the alkali (Na, K) profiles in both the CIGS and Mo layers, likely because of the modification of their diffusion coefficient through Mo. This, in turn, negatively impacts the solar cell efficiency by decreasing both fill factor and open-circuit voltage. Additional experiments, modifying the substrate and utilizing a NaF postdeposition treatment, highlight the mechanisms of degradation as being due to both a modification of the Mo/CIGS interface and the lack of alkali diffusion after water ingress.
IEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticleLicense: publisher-specific, author manuscriptData sources: UnpayWallIEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2019.2959947&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 19 citations 19 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert IEEE Journal of Phot... arrow_drop_down IEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticleLicense: publisher-specific, author manuscriptData sources: UnpayWallIEEE Journal of PhotovoltaicsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: IEEE CopyrightData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1109/jphotov.2019.2959947&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021 United StatesPublisher:MDPI AG Authors:Orlando Ayala;
Benjamin Belfore; Tasnuva Ashrafee; John Akwari; +4 AuthorsOrlando Ayala
Orlando Ayala in OpenAIREOrlando Ayala;
Benjamin Belfore; Tasnuva Ashrafee; John Akwari; Grace Rajan;Orlando Ayala
Orlando Ayala in OpenAIREShankar Karki;
Shankar Karki
Shankar Karki in OpenAIREDeewakar Poudel;
Deewakar Poudel
Deewakar Poudel in OpenAIRESylvain Marsillac;
Sylvain Marsillac
Sylvain Marsillac in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en14092479
In this work, the diffusion process of sodium (Na) in molybdenum (Mo) thin films while it was deposited on soda lime glass (SLG) was studied. A small amount of oxygen was present in the chamber while the direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering was used for the deposition. The substrate temperatures were varied to observe its effect. Such molybdenum films, with or without oxidations, are often used in thin film solar cells, either as back contact or as hole transport layers. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to quantify the concentration of the species. A grain diffusion mechanistic model incorporating the effect of grain and grain boundary geometrical shape and size was developed. The model was used to provide an in-depth theoretical analysis of the sodium diffusion in molybdenum thin films that lead to the measured SIMS data. It was observed that not only diffusion coefficients should be considered when analyzing diffusion processes in thin films but also the ratio of grain boundary size to grain size. Both depend on substrate temperature and directly affect the amount of diffused species in the film. The data were analyzed under the light of the film growth speed versus diffusion front speed, the effect of oxygen content, and the effect of substrate temperature on the overall diffusion process. The temperature inversely affects the ratio of grain boundary size and grain size and directly affects the diffusion coefficient, which leads to a preferable temperature at which the highest amount of alkali can be found in the film.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2479/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOld Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2021Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14092479&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 14 citations 14 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2479/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOld Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2021Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14092479&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021 France, United States, United StatesPublisher:MDPI AG Authors:Poudel, Deewakar;
Poudel, Deewakar
Poudel, Deewakar in OpenAIREBelfore, Benjamin;
Ashrafee, Tasnuva;Belfore, Benjamin
Belfore, Benjamin in OpenAIREPalmiotti, Elizabeth;
+5 AuthorsPalmiotti, Elizabeth
Palmiotti, Elizabeth in OpenAIREPoudel, Deewakar;
Poudel, Deewakar
Poudel, Deewakar in OpenAIREBelfore, Benjamin;
Ashrafee, Tasnuva;Belfore, Benjamin
Belfore, Benjamin in OpenAIREPalmiotti, Elizabeth;
Palmiotti, Elizabeth
Palmiotti, Elizabeth in OpenAIREKarki, Shankar;
Rajan, Grace;Karki, Shankar
Karki, Shankar in OpenAIRELepetit, Thomas;
Lepetit, Thomas
Lepetit, Thomas in OpenAIRERockett, Angus;
Rockett, Angus
Rockett, Angus in OpenAIREMarsillac, Sylvain;
Marsillac, Sylvain
Marsillac, Sylvain in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en14133938
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (or CIGS) thin films and devices were fabricated using a modified three-stage process. Using high deposition rates and a low temperature during the process, a copper chloride vapor treatment was introduced in between the second and third stages to enhance the films properties. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that drastic changes occur after this recrystallization process, yielding films with much larger grains. Secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that the depth profile of many elements is not modified (such as Cu, In and Se) while others change dramatically (such as Ga and Na). Because of the competing effects of these changes, not all parameters of the solar cells are enhanced, yielding an increase of 15% in the device efficiency at the most.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3938/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOld Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2021Full-Text: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/arc_pubs/7Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTESArticle . 2021Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-03298450Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3938/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOld Dominion University: ODU Digital CommonsArticle . 2021Full-Text: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/arc_pubs/7Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTESArticle . 2021Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-03298450Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14133938&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 United StatesPublisher:MDPI AG Funded by:NSF | SoLar Engineering Academi...NSF| SoLar Engineering Academic Program (SoLEAP)Authors: Tanzila Tasnim Ava; Abdullah Al Mamun;Sylvain Marsillac;
Gon Namkoong;Sylvain Marsillac
Sylvain Marsillac in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/app9010188
Perovskite solar cells have achieved photo-conversion efficiencies greater than 20%, making them a promising candidate as an emerging solar cell technology. While perovskite solar cells are expected to eventually compete with existing silicon-based solar cells on the market, their long-term stability has become a major bottleneck. In particular, perovskite films are found to be very sensitive to external factors such as air, UV light, light soaking, thermal stress and others. Among these stressors, light, oxygen and moisture-induced degradation can be slowed by integrating barrier or interface layers within the device architecture. However, the most representative perovskite absorber material, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), appears to be thermally unstable even in an inert environment. This poses a substantial challenge for solar cell applications because device temperatures can be over 45 °C higher than ambient temperatures when operating under direct sunlight. Herein, recent advances in resolving thermal stability problems are highlighted through literature review. Moreover, the most recent and promising strategies for overcoming thermal degradation are also summarized.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/app9010188&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 206 citations 206 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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