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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Avishek Khanal;
    Avishek Khanal
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Avishek Khanal in OpenAIRE
    orcid Mohammad Mafizur Rahman;
    Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Mohammad Mafizur Rahman in OpenAIRE
    Rasheda Khanam; orcid bw Eswaran Velayutham;
    Eswaran Velayutham
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Eswaran Velayutham in OpenAIRE

    The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all sectors of the tourism industry, particularly air transportation. However, air transport remains an important contributor to economic growth globally. Thus, this study examines whether air transport (a proxy for tourism) stimulates economic growth to validate the air-transportation-led growth hypothesis (ALGH) in the Australian context. To conduct the study, we analyse the asymmetric long-run and short-run impacts of the air passengers carried (a proxy for tourism) on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Australia. We use the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) modelling approach on data for Australia from 1971 to 2019. We also examined the effects of selected control variables (i.e., energy consumption, financial development, socialisation, and urbanisation) on economic growth. In both the short and long run, we observed statistically significant asymmetric impacts of air transport on economic growth. The positive shocks in air transport propel the long-term growth of Australia’s economy. Additionally, according to the findings, negative shocks of air transport have a stronger detrimental impact on economic development than positive shocks.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Sustainability
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Sustainability
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Avishek Khanal;
    Avishek Khanal
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Avishek Khanal in OpenAIRE
    orcid Mohammad Mafizur Rahman;
    Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Mohammad Mafizur Rahman in OpenAIRE
    Rasheda Khanam; orcid bw Eswaran Velayutham;
    Eswaran Velayutham
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Eswaran Velayutham in OpenAIRE

    The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all sectors of the tourism industry, particularly air transportation. However, air transport remains an important contributor to economic growth globally. Thus, this study examines whether air transport (a proxy for tourism) stimulates economic growth to validate the air-transportation-led growth hypothesis (ALGH) in the Australian context. To conduct the study, we analyse the asymmetric long-run and short-run impacts of the air passengers carried (a proxy for tourism) on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Australia. We use the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) modelling approach on data for Australia from 1971 to 2019. We also examined the effects of selected control variables (i.e., energy consumption, financial development, socialisation, and urbanisation) on economic growth. In both the short and long run, we observed statistically significant asymmetric impacts of air transport on economic growth. The positive shocks in air transport propel the long-term growth of Australia’s economy. Additionally, according to the findings, negative shocks of air transport have a stronger detrimental impact on economic development than positive shocks.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Sustainability
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Corinne Moser;
    Corinne Moser
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Corinne Moser in OpenAIRE
    orcid Yann Blumer;
    Yann Blumer
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yann Blumer in OpenAIRE
    Stefanie Lena Hille;

    Modal shifts hold considerable potential to mitigate carbon emissions. Electric bikes (e-bikes) represent a promising energy- and carbon-efficient alternative to cars. However, as mobility behaviour is highly habitual, convincing people to switch from cars to e-bikes is challenging. One strategy to accomplish this is the disruption of existing habits - a key idea behind an annual e-bike promotion programme in Switzerland, in which car owners can try out an e-bike for free over a 2-week period in exchange for their car keys. By means of a longitudinal survey, we measured the long-term effects of this trial on mobility-related habitual associations. After one year, participants' habitual association with car use had weakened significantly. This finding was valid both for participants who bought an e-bike after the trial and those who did not. Our findings contrast the results of other studies who find that the effect of interventions to induce modal shifts wears off over time. We conclude that an e-bike trial has the potential to break mobility habits and motivate car owners to use more sustainable means of transport.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Environmental Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Environmental Research Letters
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Alexandria Research Platform
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    https://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zh...
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Environmental Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Environmental Research Letters
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Alexandria Research Platform
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      https://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zh...
      Article . 2018
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Corinne Moser;
    Corinne Moser
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Corinne Moser in OpenAIRE
    orcid Yann Blumer;
    Yann Blumer
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yann Blumer in OpenAIRE
    Stefanie Lena Hille;

    Modal shifts hold considerable potential to mitigate carbon emissions. Electric bikes (e-bikes) represent a promising energy- and carbon-efficient alternative to cars. However, as mobility behaviour is highly habitual, convincing people to switch from cars to e-bikes is challenging. One strategy to accomplish this is the disruption of existing habits - a key idea behind an annual e-bike promotion programme in Switzerland, in which car owners can try out an e-bike for free over a 2-week period in exchange for their car keys. By means of a longitudinal survey, we measured the long-term effects of this trial on mobility-related habitual associations. After one year, participants' habitual association with car use had weakened significantly. This finding was valid both for participants who bought an e-bike after the trial and those who did not. Our findings contrast the results of other studies who find that the effect of interventions to induce modal shifts wears off over time. We conclude that an e-bike trial has the potential to break mobility habits and motivate car owners to use more sustainable means of transport.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Environmental Resear...arrow_drop_down
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Environmental Research Letters
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018
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    Alexandria Research Platform
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    https://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zh...
    Article . 2018
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Alexandria Research Platform
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      https://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zh...
      Article . 2018
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: orcid Välisalo, Tero;
    Välisalo, Tero
    ORCID
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    Välisalo, Tero in OpenAIRE
    orcid Tiusanen, Risto;
    Tiusanen, Risto
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    Tiusanen, Risto in OpenAIRE
    orcid Sarsama, Janne;
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    Sarsama, Janne in OpenAIRE
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    Wave power is a potential technology for generating sustainable renewable energy. Several types of wave energy converters (WECs) have been proposed for this purpose. WECs operate in a harsh maritime environment that sets strict limitations on how and when the device can be economically and safely reached for maintenance. Thus, to ensure profitable energy generation over the system life cycle, system reliability is a key aspect to be considered in WEC development. In this article, we describe a reliability analysis approach for WEC development, based on the use of reliability block diagram (RBD) modelling. We apply the approach in a case study involving a submerged oscillating wave surge converter device concept that utilizes hydraulics in its power take-off system. In addition to describing the modelling approach, we discuss the data sources that were used for gathering reliability data for the components used in a novel system concept with very limited historical or experimental data available. This includes considerations of the data quality from various sources. As a result, we present examples of applying the RBD modelling approach in the context of WEC development and discuss the applicability of the approach in supporting the development of new technologies.

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    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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    Authors: orcid Välisalo, Tero;
    Välisalo, Tero
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Välisalo, Tero in OpenAIRE
    orcid Tiusanen, Risto;
    Tiusanen, Risto
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Tiusanen, Risto in OpenAIRE
    orcid Sarsama, Janne;
    Sarsama, Janne
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Sarsama, Janne in OpenAIRE
    Räikkönen; +2 Authors

    Wave power is a potential technology for generating sustainable renewable energy. Several types of wave energy converters (WECs) have been proposed for this purpose. WECs operate in a harsh maritime environment that sets strict limitations on how and when the device can be economically and safely reached for maintenance. Thus, to ensure profitable energy generation over the system life cycle, system reliability is a key aspect to be considered in WEC development. In this article, we describe a reliability analysis approach for WEC development, based on the use of reliability block diagram (RBD) modelling. We apply the approach in a case study involving a submerged oscillating wave surge converter device concept that utilizes hydraulics in its power take-off system. In addition to describing the modelling approach, we discuss the data sources that were used for gathering reliability data for the components used in a novel system concept with very limited historical or experimental data available. This includes considerations of the data quality from various sources. As a result, we present examples of applying the RBD modelling approach in the context of WEC development and discuss the applicability of the approach in supporting the development of new technologies.

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    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Aleix Maria-Arenas;
    Aleix Maria-Arenas
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Aleix Maria-Arenas in OpenAIRE
    Aitor J. Garrido; Izaskun Garrido;

    Wave energy conversion is a promising field of renewable energy, but it still faces several technological and economic challenges. One of these challenges is to improve the energy efficiency and adaptability of Wave Energy Converters to varying wave conditions. A technological approach to solve this efficiency challenge is the negative spring mechanisms illustrated in recent studies. This paper proposes and analyzes a novel negative spring technological concept that dynamically modifies the mass and inertia of a Wave Energy Converter by transferring seawater between its compartments. The added value of the presented technology relies on interoperability, ease of manufacturing and operating, and increased energy efficiency for heterogeneous sea states. The concept is presented in two analyzed alternatives: a passive one, which requires no electrical consumption and is purely based on the relative motion of the bodies, and an active one, which uses a controlled pump system to force the water transfer. The system is evaluated numerically using widely accepted simulation tools, such as WECSIM, and validated by physical testing in a wave flume using decay and regular test scenarios. Key findings include a relevant discussion about system limitations and a demonstrated increase in the extracted energy efficiency up to 12.7% while limiting the maximum power extraction for a singular wave frequency to 3.41%, indicating an increased adaptability to different wave frequencies because of the amplified range of near-resonance operation of the WEC up to 0.21 rad/s.

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    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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      Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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    Authors: orcid Aleix Maria-Arenas;
    Aleix Maria-Arenas
    ORCID
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    Aleix Maria-Arenas in OpenAIRE
    Aitor J. Garrido; Izaskun Garrido;

    Wave energy conversion is a promising field of renewable energy, but it still faces several technological and economic challenges. One of these challenges is to improve the energy efficiency and adaptability of Wave Energy Converters to varying wave conditions. A technological approach to solve this efficiency challenge is the negative spring mechanisms illustrated in recent studies. This paper proposes and analyzes a novel negative spring technological concept that dynamically modifies the mass and inertia of a Wave Energy Converter by transferring seawater between its compartments. The added value of the presented technology relies on interoperability, ease of manufacturing and operating, and increased energy efficiency for heterogeneous sea states. The concept is presented in two analyzed alternatives: a passive one, which requires no electrical consumption and is purely based on the relative motion of the bodies, and an active one, which uses a controlled pump system to force the water transfer. The system is evaluated numerically using widely accepted simulation tools, such as WECSIM, and validated by physical testing in a wave flume using decay and regular test scenarios. Key findings include a relevant discussion about system limitations and a demonstrated increase in the extracted energy efficiency up to 12.7% while limiting the maximum power extraction for a singular wave frequency to 3.41%, indicating an increased adaptability to different wave frequencies because of the amplified range of near-resonance operation of the WEC up to 0.21 rad/s.

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    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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    Authors: orcid Maarten J. van Jaarsveld;
    Maarten J. van Jaarsveld
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    Maarten J. van Jaarsveld in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rupert Gouws;
    Rupert Gouws
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    Rupert Gouws in OpenAIRE

    The research presented in this paper documents the implementation of an active hybrid energy storage system that combined a battery pack and an ultracapacitor bank. The implemented hybrid energy storage system was used to reduce the peak-power that the battery needs to provide to the load. An active topology utilising two direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converters and a switch was used to implement the hybrid energy storage system. Fuzzy logic was used as a close-loop control structure to control the DC/DC converters in the topology, whilst a rule-based control strategy was used to control the operating states of the hybrid energy storage system. Experimental implementation of the system showed that the system was able to actively control the energy flow throughout the hybrid energy storage system in order to limit the power drawn from the battery to a user-defined limit. The performance of the fuzzy logic controllers was also experimentally found to be sufficient when used in conjunction with the rule-based control strategy. The system allows one to utilize batteries that are optimized for energy density seeing that the system was able to actively limit the power drawn from the battery, whilst providing the required power to the load by utilising the ultracapacitor bank.

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    World Electric Vehicle Journal
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      World Electric Vehicle Journal
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    Authors: orcid Maarten J. van Jaarsveld;
    Maarten J. van Jaarsveld
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Maarten J. van Jaarsveld in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rupert Gouws;
    Rupert Gouws
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rupert Gouws in OpenAIRE

    The research presented in this paper documents the implementation of an active hybrid energy storage system that combined a battery pack and an ultracapacitor bank. The implemented hybrid energy storage system was used to reduce the peak-power that the battery needs to provide to the load. An active topology utilising two direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converters and a switch was used to implement the hybrid energy storage system. Fuzzy logic was used as a close-loop control structure to control the DC/DC converters in the topology, whilst a rule-based control strategy was used to control the operating states of the hybrid energy storage system. Experimental implementation of the system showed that the system was able to actively control the energy flow throughout the hybrid energy storage system in order to limit the power drawn from the battery to a user-defined limit. The performance of the fuzzy logic controllers was also experimentally found to be sufficient when used in conjunction with the rule-based control strategy. The system allows one to utilize batteries that are optimized for energy density seeing that the system was able to actively limit the power drawn from the battery, whilst providing the required power to the load by utilising the ultracapacitor bank.

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    World Electric Vehicle Journal
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Marcin Jacek Kłos;
    Marcin Jacek Kłos
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    Marcin Jacek Kłos in OpenAIRE
    orcid Grzegorz Sierpiński;
    Grzegorz Sierpiński
    ORCID
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    Grzegorz Sierpiński in OpenAIRE

    The intense growth of cities affects their inhabitants to a considerable extent. The issues facing the traveling population include congestion and growing harmful emissions. Urban transport requires changes towards eco-friendly solutions. However, even though new forms of traveling (sharing services) are being implemented, their integration with public transport remains problematic. On account of the large number of available services combined with the absence of their integration, city inhabitants are faced with the dilemma of choosing between one or several transport modes which would enable them to make the given trip. The main goal of this article is to propose a model for integration of different transport services which could support those who intend to travel in the decision-making process. Therefore, the parameters of a model of urban sharing services were identified and classified. The parameters discussed in the paper with reference to an extensive literature review describe how individual sharing services are functioning. What has also been identified is the location-specific factors as well as those related to the potential area of operation which affect the integration with public transport. In order to take all the relevant parameters into account and find a solution to the problem at hand, a multi-criteria decision-making approach has been proposed. To this end, scores and weights determining their impact on the model have been established. For purposes of the solution in question, the relevant calculations were conducted by referring to an actual need to travel between selected locations.

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    Authors: orcid Marcin Jacek Kłos;
    Marcin Jacek Kłos
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    Marcin Jacek Kłos in OpenAIRE
    orcid Grzegorz Sierpiński;
    Grzegorz Sierpiński
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    Grzegorz Sierpiński in OpenAIRE

    The intense growth of cities affects their inhabitants to a considerable extent. The issues facing the traveling population include congestion and growing harmful emissions. Urban transport requires changes towards eco-friendly solutions. However, even though new forms of traveling (sharing services) are being implemented, their integration with public transport remains problematic. On account of the large number of available services combined with the absence of their integration, city inhabitants are faced with the dilemma of choosing between one or several transport modes which would enable them to make the given trip. The main goal of this article is to propose a model for integration of different transport services which could support those who intend to travel in the decision-making process. Therefore, the parameters of a model of urban sharing services were identified and classified. The parameters discussed in the paper with reference to an extensive literature review describe how individual sharing services are functioning. What has also been identified is the location-specific factors as well as those related to the potential area of operation which affect the integration with public transport. In order to take all the relevant parameters into account and find a solution to the problem at hand, a multi-criteria decision-making approach has been proposed. To this end, scores and weights determining their impact on the model have been established. For purposes of the solution in question, the relevant calculations were conducted by referring to an actual need to travel between selected locations.

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    Authors: orcid Hui Hou;
    Hui Hou
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Hui Hou in OpenAIRE
    Junyi Tang; Bo Zhao; Leiqi Zhang; +2 Authors

    A reasonable plan for charging stations is critical to the widespread use of electric vehicles. In this paper, we propose an optimal planning method for electric vehicle charging stations. First of all, we put forward a forecasting method for the distribution of electric vehicle fast charging demand in urban areas. Next, a new mathematical model that considers the mutual benefit of electric vehicle users and the power grid is set up, aiming to minimize the social cost of charging stations. Then, the model is solved by the Voronoi diagram combined with improved particle swarm optimization. In the end, the proposed method is applied to an urban area, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can yield optimal location and capacity of each charging station. A contrasting case is carried out to verify that improved particle swarm optimization is more effective in finding the global optimal solution than particle swarm optimization.

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    World Electric Vehicle Journal
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    Authors: orcid Hui Hou;
    Hui Hou
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Hui Hou in OpenAIRE
    Junyi Tang; Bo Zhao; Leiqi Zhang; +2 Authors

    A reasonable plan for charging stations is critical to the widespread use of electric vehicles. In this paper, we propose an optimal planning method for electric vehicle charging stations. First of all, we put forward a forecasting method for the distribution of electric vehicle fast charging demand in urban areas. Next, a new mathematical model that considers the mutual benefit of electric vehicle users and the power grid is set up, aiming to minimize the social cost of charging stations. Then, the model is solved by the Voronoi diagram combined with improved particle swarm optimization. In the end, the proposed method is applied to an urban area, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can yield optimal location and capacity of each charging station. A contrasting case is carried out to verify that improved particle swarm optimization is more effective in finding the global optimal solution than particle swarm optimization.

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    Authors: orcid Alfredas Rimkus;
    Alfredas Rimkus
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    Alfredas Rimkus in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justas Žaglinskis;
    Justas Žaglinskis
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    Justas Žaglinskis in OpenAIRE

    Increasing the use of renewable energy sources is essential to reduce the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. An experimental and numerical simulation study of the combustion process of a compression ignition engine was carried out by replacing fossil diesel with a dual fuel produced from renewable energy sources. In conventional dual-fuel applications, fossil diesel is used to initiate the combustion of natural gas or petroleum gas. In the present study, fossil diesel was replaced with advanced biodiesel – hydrotreated vegetable oil, and natural gas was replaced with biogas. In the experimental study, a gas mixture of 60% natural gas (by volume) and 40% carbon dioxide (by volume) was used to replicate the biogas while maintaining a 40%, 60%, and 80% gas energy share in the fuel. It was observed that using fossil diesel and biogas in the dual-fuel engine significantly slowed down the combustion process, which normally resulted in poorer energy performance. One way to compensate for the lack of energy (due to the presence of carbon dioxide) in the cylinder is to use a gas such as hydrogen, which has a high energy content. To analyze the effect of hydrogen on the dual-fuel combustion process, hydrogen gas was added to the replicated biogas at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the natural gas volume, maintaining the biogas at a (natural gas + hydrogen)-to-carbon dioxide volume ratio of 60%/40% and the expected gas energy share. The combustion process analysis, which was conducted using the AVL BOOST software (Austria), determined the heat release rate, temperature, and cylinder pressure rise in the dual-fuel operation with different renewable fuels and compared the results with those of fossil diesel. It was found that when the engine was operated at medium load and with the flammability of the biogas approaching the limit, the addition of hydrogen significantly improved the combustion characteristics of the dual-fuel engine.

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    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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    Authors: orcid Alfredas Rimkus;
    Alfredas Rimkus
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    Alfredas Rimkus in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justas Žaglinskis;
    Justas Žaglinskis
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    Justas Žaglinskis in OpenAIRE

    Increasing the use of renewable energy sources is essential to reduce the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. An experimental and numerical simulation study of the combustion process of a compression ignition engine was carried out by replacing fossil diesel with a dual fuel produced from renewable energy sources. In conventional dual-fuel applications, fossil diesel is used to initiate the combustion of natural gas or petroleum gas. In the present study, fossil diesel was replaced with advanced biodiesel – hydrotreated vegetable oil, and natural gas was replaced with biogas. In the experimental study, a gas mixture of 60% natural gas (by volume) and 40% carbon dioxide (by volume) was used to replicate the biogas while maintaining a 40%, 60%, and 80% gas energy share in the fuel. It was observed that using fossil diesel and biogas in the dual-fuel engine significantly slowed down the combustion process, which normally resulted in poorer energy performance. One way to compensate for the lack of energy (due to the presence of carbon dioxide) in the cylinder is to use a gas such as hydrogen, which has a high energy content. To analyze the effect of hydrogen on the dual-fuel combustion process, hydrogen gas was added to the replicated biogas at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the natural gas volume, maintaining the biogas at a (natural gas + hydrogen)-to-carbon dioxide volume ratio of 60%/40% and the expected gas energy share. The combustion process analysis, which was conducted using the AVL BOOST software (Austria), determined the heat release rate, temperature, and cylinder pressure rise in the dual-fuel operation with different renewable fuels and compared the results with those of fossil diesel. It was found that when the engine was operated at medium load and with the flammability of the biogas approaching the limit, the addition of hydrogen significantly improved the combustion characteristics of the dual-fuel engine.

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    Authors: orcid Harvey, Ben P;
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    Al Janabi, Balsam; orcid BROSZEIT, STEFANIE;
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    BROSZEIT, STEFANIE in OpenAIRE
    Cioffi, Rebekah; +14 Authors

    Research to date has suggested that both individual marine species and ecological processes are expected to exhibit diverse responses to the environmental effects of climate change. Evolutionary responses can occur on rapid (ecological) timescales, and yet studies typically do not consider the role that adaptive evolution will play in modulating biological responses to climate change. Investigations into such responses have typically been focused at particular biological levels (e.g., cellular, population, community), often lacking interactions among levels. Since all levels of biological organisation are sensitive to global climate change, there is a need to elucidate how different processes and hierarchical interactions will influence species fitness. Therefore, predicting the responses of communities and populations to global change will require multidisciplinary efforts across multiple levels of hierarchy, from the genetic and cellular to communities and ecosystems. Eventually, this may allow us to establish the role that acclimatisation and adaptation will play in determining marine community structures in future scenarios.

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    Brage NMBU
    Article . 2014
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      Article . 2014
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    Authors: orcid Harvey, Ben P;
    Harvey, Ben P
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    Harvey, Ben P in OpenAIRE
    Al Janabi, Balsam; orcid BROSZEIT, STEFANIE;
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    BROSZEIT, STEFANIE in OpenAIRE
    Cioffi, Rebekah; +14 Authors

    Research to date has suggested that both individual marine species and ecological processes are expected to exhibit diverse responses to the environmental effects of climate change. Evolutionary responses can occur on rapid (ecological) timescales, and yet studies typically do not consider the role that adaptive evolution will play in modulating biological responses to climate change. Investigations into such responses have typically been focused at particular biological levels (e.g., cellular, population, community), often lacking interactions among levels. Since all levels of biological organisation are sensitive to global climate change, there is a need to elucidate how different processes and hierarchical interactions will influence species fitness. Therefore, predicting the responses of communities and populations to global change will require multidisciplinary efforts across multiple levels of hierarchy, from the genetic and cellular to communities and ecosystems. Eventually, this may allow us to establish the role that acclimatisation and adaptation will play in determining marine community structures in future scenarios.

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    OceanRep
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Brage NMBU
    Article . 2014
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    Authors: Kessels, J.T.B.A.; Bosch, P.P.J. van den;

    The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle allows vehicle propulsion from multiple internal power sources. Electric energy from the grid can be utilized by means of the plug-in connection. An on-line energy management (EM) strategy is proposed to minimize the costs for taking energy from each power source. Especially in a dynamical energy market, an on-line optimization algorithm is desirable since energy prices change over time. By construction, the proposed EM system can operate with, and without prediction information. If predictions are available, an electronic horizon is applied to anticipate on up-coming events and further optimize the strategy. Illustrative examples are given to explain the added value for both solutions. Also the situation where energy is transferred back to the grid is considered. © 2008 IEEE.

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    https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.20...
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    Authors: Kessels, J.T.B.A.; Bosch, P.P.J. van den;

    The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle allows vehicle propulsion from multiple internal power sources. Electric energy from the grid can be utilized by means of the plug-in connection. An on-line energy management (EM) strategy is proposed to minimize the costs for taking energy from each power source. Especially in a dynamical energy market, an on-line optimization algorithm is desirable since energy prices change over time. By construction, the proposed EM system can operate with, and without prediction information. If predictions are available, an electronic horizon is applied to anticipate on up-coming events and further optimize the strategy. Illustrative examples are given to explain the added value for both solutions. Also the situation where energy is transferred back to the grid is considered. © 2008 IEEE.

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