• Energy Research
• Russian close
• SDSN Greece close

In the course of monitoring near the chemical weapons storage and destruction plant "Maradykovsky", more than 100 strains of Streptomyces were stated from the soil surfaces into the pure culture. In order to find the strains which are tolerant to chemical weapons degradation products, the response of natural isolates of actinomycetes to sodium pyrophosphate, methylphosphonic acid, and arsenic concentration gradient was studied. For each pollutant a special dose was set, which could stimulate and inhibit either the growth of actinomycetes at the stage of spores and at the stage of vegetative growth, or their metabolic activity consisting in production of antibiotics, or cellulose decomposition. Actinomycetes cultures were found, which are promising for creating microbial inoculants for remediation of soils impacted with arsenic and phosphorus xenobiotics.

The purpose of the present work was accessing the influence of benz[a]pyrene added into substrate on composition of polyarenes in plant and on growth and development of common barley (Hordeum vulgare) in in vitro conditions. We found that contamination of substrate with benz[a]pyrene (BP) decreased seed germination of Hordeum vulgare L. Larger BP doses produced the trend for a linear decrease in height and biomass of the aboveground part of Hordeum vulgare. The change of root biomass is not linear. Using the method of highly-efficient liquid chromatography, we identified 14 structures of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Significant amounts of light polyarenes were found in the control plants. Concentration of polyarenes in the plants grown on polluted substrate varied depending on benz[a]pyrene doses. The pollutant in doses of 10–20 ng/g increased content of polyarenes in the plants. The dose of 30 ng/g started the mechanisms of polyarene decomposition and so concentration decreased. Higher doses disturbed the protection mechanisms of plants and so increased content of polyarenes in plants and decreased biomass. Light polyarenes preferably accumulated in aboveground plant part whereby heavy polyarenes – in roots.

В статье рассмотрена проблема энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве России. Проведен анализ трудов российских и зарубежных авторов, раскрывающих проблему энергоэффективности в ЖКХ, причины ее низкого уровня и последующие пути решения. Также проанализированы статистические данные об избыточном потреблении энергоресурсов в ЖКХ, оснащенности индивидуальными приборами учета по разным видам коммунальных ресурсов, внедрении энергосберегающих технологий в строительство энергоэффективных домов. Целью статьи является рассмотрение проблемы энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве с разных сторон и выявление наиболее важных факторов, значительно влияющих на низкие показатели энергоэффективности России. В статье обращается внимание на важность проблемы энергоэффективности для всей экономики страны и острая необходимость в ее решении наиболее результативными методами. Предлагаются способы решения проблемы энергоэффективности, действенные в каждом субъекте Российской Федерации. The article deals with the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in the housing and communal services of Russia. The analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors, revealing the problem of energy efficiency in housing and communal services, the reasons for its low level and subsequent solutions, was carried out. Statistical data on excessive consumption of energy resources in housing and communal services, equipment with individual metering devices for various types of communal resources, and the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the construction of energy-efficient houses are also analyzed. The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in housing and communal services from different angles and to identify the most important factors that significantly affect the low energy efficiency in Russia. The article draws attention to the importance of the problem of energy efficiency for the entire economy of the country and the urgent need to solve it with the most effective methods. The ways of solving the problem of energy efficiency, effective in each subject of the Russian Federation, are proposed.

В последние десятилетия экологическая проблема приняла глобальный характер и требует консолидации мирового сообщества. Возникающие экологические угрозы становятся все более опасными для человечества, поэтому требуются усилия всех государств для предотвращения негативных последствий изменения окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается деятельность международных акторов в сфере обеспечения экологической безопасности. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ правовых основ и национальных особенностей политики экологической безопасности Дании, США и России, рассмотрены примеры использования возобновляемых источников энергии, направленных на минимизацию экологических рисков, выявлены проблемы и определены перспективы реализации экологической политики в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике». In recent decades, the environmental problem has become global in nature and requires the consolidation of the world community. Emerging environmental threats are becoming more and more dangerous for humanity, therefore efforts of all states are required to prevent the negative consequences of environmental change. This article examines the activities of international actors in the field of ensuring environmental safety. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the legal framework and national characteristics of environmental safety policies in Denmark, the USA and Russia, examined examples of the use of renewable energy sources aimed at minimizing environmental risks, identified problems and identified prospects for the implementation of environmental policy in the context of the transition to “green energy”.

The importance of developing a risk management methodology for the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia is justified. The stages of researches on the problem of risk assessments and management in renewable energy in MSU since 2015 are considered. The results are described: a list of risk factors and methods of managing them by using different kinds of renewable energy sources; internal and external components of risk factors that depend and not depend on the developers of RE projects are identified. The author's methodology for assessing resource risks level in the solar energy industry based on the calculation of the variability of the statistical parameters of insolation is presented.

Bangladesh is a progressing country with huge population. Almost 75 percentage of the population lives in rural areas and only about 30 percentage of the rural households have access to grid electricity and about 42 percentage of the population no access to the electricity. It is highly difficult to extend high tension transmission lines to these areas as some of the places are separated from the mainland and from each other by wide rivers, creeks and hills. Renewable energy is considered to be the right choice for providing clean energy to these remotesettlements. Off-Grid energy systems are growing in popularity as an independent source of energy to satisfy electricity needs of individual households, small communities and commercial applications. Mainly in Bangladesh where the main grid is either not developed or the grid is noncommercial to extend due to remoteness of the location. A successfully installed Off-Grid energy system for several years to provide a reliable 24-h electricity supply to the inhabitant of an island. The objective of this paper is to analyze and design an off-grid energy system for Bangladesh consisting of PV panels, charge controller, battery and inverter to serve a remote locality. A mini solar grid of 21KWh capacity has been designed.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Параметрическая энергоэффективная оптимизация проекта реконструкции объекта культурного наследия». Работа посвящена рассмотрению вопроса реконструкции исторических зданий с точки зрения энергосбережения и энергоэффективности.Цель исследования – заключается в разработке методики энергоэффективной имитационной оптимизации проекта объекта культурного наследия.Объектом исследования в данной работе выступает – объект культурного наследия «Городская усадьба, XVIII-XIX вв.-Главный дом, XVIII-XIX вв (в основе палаты рубежа XVII- XVIII) по адресу: г. Москва, ЦАО, ул. Пречистенка, д.8, стр.1» на этапе его реконструкции.Предметом исследования является энергоэффективная имитационная оптимизация проекта реконструкции объекта культурного наследия.Задачи исследования:Изучение текущего состояния строительства объектов культурного наследия и вопросов энергоэффективной оптимизации.Анализ фактического состояния объекта и моделирование класса энергоэффективности здания.Разработка информационной и аналитических моделей здания для анализа энергоэффективности.В процессе исследования были использованы методы обобщения и анализа отечественного и зарубежного опыта, сравнения и оценки результатов энергомоделирования по различным сценариям.Практическая значимость работы заключается в возможности оценки энергоэффективности исторических зданий с помощью оптимизированной имитационной энергоэффективной модели.В ходе исследования были получены следующие результаты:-         Построена информационная модель здания в Autodesk Revit 2022 по имеющейся проектной документации.;-         Смоделирована аналитическая и энергетическая модели здания на основе созданной информационной модели в Autodesk Revit 2022;-         Выполнен программный расчет инсоляции поверхностей и расчет освещения;-         Смоделировано девять сценариев энергопотребления здания зависимости от разных параметров. Определен наилучший сценарий и параметры, которые необходимо изменить/оптимизировать для достижения наилучшего результата с точки зрения энергопотребления. Определены эталонные показатели энергоэффективности по каждому сценарию;-         Проведен анализ результатов энергомоделирования и сформированы отчеты ежегодного энергопотребления.-         Выработаны рекомендации и предложения по внедрению энергомоделирования в процесс строительства в том числе и схемы процессов в нотации BPMN. Рассмотрен также вариант гибридного метода совместного использования BEM и ML (Machine Learning). Он применим для решения задач, не только касающихся энергомоделирования, но и для решения других задач в строительстве и реконструкции.Такой подход позволяет повысить инвестиционную привлекательность подобных проектов за счёт снижения энергозатрат и соответствующих расходов в период эксплуатации. Добиться подобных результатов с минимальными затратами времени позволяет применение современных методов параметрического проектирования, таких как BEM и BIM. Применение таких методов проектирования также дает возможность привести историческое здание в соответствие с современными требованиями по надежности, безопасности и эффективности зданий, позволяет применить современные материалы. The theme of the final qualification work: “Parametric Energy-Efficient Optimization of the Project for the Reconstruction of a Cultural Heritage Object”. The work is devoted to the consideration of the issue of reconstruction of historical buildings in terms of energy conservation and energy efficiency.The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for energy-efficient simulation optimization of the project of a cultural heritage object.The object of study in this work is the cultural heritage object “City Manor, XVIII-XIX centuries – Main House, XVIII-XIX centuries (at the heart of the chamber of the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries) at the address: building 1, 8 Ul. Prechistenka, Central Administrative District, Moscow” at the stage of its reconstruction.The subject of the study is the energy-efficient simulation optimization of the cultural heritage object reconstruction project.Research objectives:1. Study of the current state of construction of cultural heritage objects and issues of energy efficient optimization.2. Analysis of the actual state of the object and modelling of the energy efficiency class of the building.3. Development of information and analytical building models for energy efficiency analysis.In the course of the study, methods were used to generalize and analyse domestic and foreign experience, compare and evaluate the results of energy modelling for various scenarios.The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of assessing the energy efficiency of historical buildings using an optimized simulation energy-efficient model.The following results were obtained during the study:-         The information model of the building was built in Autodesk Revit 2022 according to the available design documentation;-         The analytical and energy model of the building was modelled based on the information model created in Autodesk Revit 2022;-         Software calculation of surface insolation and lighting calculation was performed;-         Nine building energy consumption scenarios were modelled depending on different parameters. The best scenario and parameters that need to be changed/optimized to achieve the best result in terms of energy consumption are determined. Energy efficiency benchmarks have been defined for each scenario;-         An analysis of the results of energy modelling was carried out and reports of annual energy consumption were generated;-         Recommendations and proposals were developed for the implementation of energy modelling in the construction process, including process diagrams in BPMN notation. A variant of the hybrid method of sharing BEM and ML (Machine Learning) is also considered. It is applicable for solving problems not only related to energy modelling, but also for solving other problems in construction and reconstruction.This approach makes it possible to increase the investment attractiveness of such projects by reducing energy costs and related costs during the operation period. To achieve such results with a minimum investment of time allows the use of modern methods of parametric design, such as BEM and BIM. The use of such design methods also makes it possible to bring a historic building in line with modern requirements for the reliability, safety and efficiency of buildings, and allows the use of modern materials.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Однофазные тепловые накопители в инженерных сетях». Данная работа посвящена исследованию однофазных тепловых накопителей и возможности их применения в системе отопления жилого многоэтажного здания. Целью исследования являлось повышение энергоэффективности систем теплоснабжения путем установки однофазного теплового накопителя. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Изучение существующих систем отопления. 2. Построение расчетной модели однофазного теплового накопителя. 3. Оценка энергоэффективности. 4. Сравнение различных теплоаккумулирующих материалов. В результате была представлена расчетная модель однофазного теплового накопителя и перечень исходных данных для неё, а также был приведен пример расчета такого накопителя для определенного многоквартирного здания и проведено сравнение двух теплоаккумулирующих материалов. На основании полученных результатов был сделан выбор в пользу бетона, в качестве телоаккумулирующего материала. Стоит отметить, что до этого вопрос применения однофазных тепловых накопителей в системе отопления для целого здания не рассматривался. Экономическая эффективность при применении таких накопителей достигается за счет заряда по более дешевому тарифу (ночному), и расходу накопленной энергии в оставшееся время суток. Theme of final qualification work: "Single-phase heating storages in engineering networks." This work is devoted to the study of single-phase heat storage devices and the possibility of their application in the heating system of a residential multi-storey building. The aim of the study was to increase the energy efficiency of heat supply systems by installing a single-phase heat storage. Tasks that were solved during the study: 1. Review of existing heating systems. 2. Construction of a calculation model of a single-phase heat storage. 3. Assessment of energy efficiency. 4. Comparison of various heat storage materials. As a result, a calculation model of a single-phase heat storage device and a list of initial data for it were presented, and was given an example of calculating such a storage device for a certain multi-apartment building and a comparison of two heat-accumulating materials. Based on the results, a choice was made in favor of concrete, as a body-accumulating material. It is worth noting that before that the issue of using single-phase heat storage devices in the heating system for the whole building was not considered. Economic efficiency with the use of such drives is achieved by charging at a cheaper rate (at night), and the consumption of stored energy in the remaining time of the day.

Questionnaire research and interview method were applied to study the introduction of the collaborative education provided by government, business, university and research institute in the area of rural and regional development at Zhejiang Ocean University (ZOU). Various training modes: joint enrollment and training, double-tutor system (two supervisors for one postgraduate, one is from the university, the other is from government or business or research institute) together with the establishment of collaborative staff training have been adopted to carry out the collaborative education that has provided better results. However, there are still some problems: misbalanced cooperation, unrelated cooperation fields that lead to the staff training objective not to be adequately met with practical needs. The article offers the way to construct a new training mode between government, business, university and research institute for the professional degree programme Master of Rural and Regional Development.

Relevance. The power provided by generating stations based on wind and solar energy depends on the state of the environment at a particular geographical point, the prevailing wind speeds and the level of solar insolation. The wind speeds and solar insolation characterizing patterns are probabilistic in nature and depend on the terrain and season. This means that the power provided by generating stations based on renewable energy sources is also probabilistic. Risks associated with an inaccurate knowledge of the probabilistic patterns describing renewable energy sources, as well as the unpredictability (uncertainty) of the natural environment affecting renewable energy sources, are the reasons why system operators do not take into account such stations in calculating the power balance. This situation does not allow considering the generating stations as full-fledged market participants, covering the flow of investments in such projects. Accurate determination of the output power distribution laws for solar and wind power stations, based on the wind speed and solar insolation data analysis can significantly help system operators in power predicting of the power stations. Aim of study is building models of distribution laws that best describe the results of wind speed and solar insolation observations, as well as models of distribution laws for the generated power of wind and solar stations. Methods: methods for estimating the parameters of distribution laws, methods for testing statistical hypotheses. Results. It is shown, that the 3rd kind of beta distribution laws and their mixtures describe the series of measured wind speed and solar insolation better in the territory. The same concerning the probability distribution of the wind and solar stations power. Distribution law models for wind speed, solar insolation and power of the corresponding stations are constructed. It is shown that on the basis of the law of the distribution of wind speed and the mathematical relationships that connect power with wind speed, good models can be constructed for the probability distributions of power of wind power stations. The models can be used as an auxiliary tool for power system operators to predict output power.