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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vaz, Igor Catão Martins; Ghisi, Enedir; Thives, Liseane Padilha; Vieira, Abel Silva; +8 Authors

    (English) 1. Introduction This project aims to address the impacts of climate change on the built environment by developing a set of future Brazilian EPW (Energy Plus Weather Format) files and a dashboard to interpret and evaluate the data. The future climate files were obtained using the Future Weather Generator (FWG) [1] with climate projections for Brazilian cities, integrating these projections into a code pipeline for automation. In this part of the project, thermal comfort indices, such as the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and the Discomfort Index (DI), were also evaluated to understand future thermal comfort conditions. The methodology followed the structure available in the future-EPW-analysis repository: Climate-One-Building (COB) web-scrapping for all available Brazilian EPW files (we recommend doing this carefully so as not to damage the COB infrastructure); Automatic organisation of all EPW files in a folder, extracting them from the ZIP format; Simulation of future climate files using FutureWeatherGenerator [1] in a line of code with default parameters (shown in Table 1); Organisation of all available EPWs (original and simulated) in a single database; Calculation of thermal comfort indices using pythermalcomfort [2]. The main objective is to provide researchers, policymakers and professionals with a comprehensive tool for assessing and mitigating the impacts of climate change in different Brazilian cities, offering accurate data for thermal comfort and energy efficiency modelling. The methodology involves generating future EPW files, validating them against existing literature and visualising the results through a user-friendly dashboard. The study highlights the importance of adaptive and climate-resilient strategies in urban planning and building design. Expected climate changes in Brazil include increased dry bulb temperature and variations in relative humidity, radiation and wind speed in the different bioclimatic zones. The dashboard has been designed to simplify the visualisation of future climate data, focusing on the main climate variables, thermal comfort indices and data visualisation. It allows users to filter by city and automatically calculate all the indices, providing detailed analyses and comparisons of different scenarios. By offering a free, open-access, multi-platform, extensible, customisable and easy-to-maintain tool, the project aims to facilitate continuous updates, new features and corrections. This tool supports decision-making in public policy and urban planning, promoting a more sustainable and resilient built environment in the face of climate change. 2. Further details on the methodology Details on how the indices were selected and how the study was conducted may be found in Vaz et al. [3]. The GitHub repository in future-EPW-analysis [4] also includes details on the step-by-step procedures. Table 1 - Parameters used in the FWG simulation: Parameter Data used in the simulations Base files 578 cities from COB CMIP-6 models BCC-CSM2-MR, CAS-ESM2.0, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6.1-HR, CNRM-ESM2.1, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-Veg, MIROC-ES2H, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2.0, UKESM1.0-LL Grid Bilinear interpolation of the four nearest points Month transition smoothness 72 hours Apply variable limits True Scenarios A total of nine scenarios: One baseline for 2021 and eight future files (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 for 2050 and 2080) Solar hour correction Made by day Diffuse irradiation model Engerer, 2015 3. References [1] E. Rodrigues, M.S. Fernandes, D. Carvalho, Future weather generator for building performance research: An open-source morphing tool and an application, Building and Environment 233 (2023) 110104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110104. [2] F. Tartarini, S. Schiavon, pythermalcomfort: A Python package for thermal comfort research, SoftwareX 12 (2020) 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100578. [3] Vaz, I.C.M.; Ghisi, E.; Thives, L.P.; Vieira, A.S.; Rupp, R.F.; da Rosa, A.S.; Flores, R.A.; Bastos, M.B.; Marinoski, D.L.; Silva, A.S.; Weeber, M.; Invidiata, A. (2024). Dashboard for interpreting future climate files used in the simulation of buildings – an outdoor thermal comfort approach. Under submission. [4] Future EPW Analysis - A pipeline of processes aimed at providing future EPW files based on existing models from the literature. Available at: https://github.com/igorcmvaz/future-EPW-analysis. Current version of the dashboard: 1.0.0. Available at Dashboard Comfort. Suggestions for improvements can be made directly in the GitHub repository at future-EPW-analysis or sent to igorcmvaz@gmail.com. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Português-BR) 1. Introdução Este projeto tem como objetivo abordar os impactos das mudanças climáticas no ambiente construído, desenvolvendo um conjunto de futuros arquivos EPW (Energy Plus Weather Format) brasileiros e um dashboard para interpretar e avaliar os dados. Os arquivos climáticos futuros foram obtidos com o Future Weather Generator (FWG) [1] com projeções climáticas para cidades brasileiras, integrando essas projeções a um pipeline de código para automação. Nessa parte do projeto, os índices de conforto térmico, como o Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) e o Discomfort Index (DI), também foram avaliados para entender as condições futuras de conforto térmico. A metodologia seguiu a estrutura que está disponível no repositório future-EPW-analysis: Web-scrapping do Climate-One-Building (COB) para todos os arquivos EPW brasileiros disponíveis (recomendamos fazer isso com cuidado para não prejudicar a infraestrutura do COB); Organização automática de todos os arquivos EPW em uma pasta, extraindo-os do formato ZIP; Simulação dos arquivos climáticos futuros por meio do FutureWeatherGenerator [1] em linha de código com parâmetros padrão (mostrados na Tabela 1); Organização de todos os EPW disponíveis (originais e simulados) em um único banco de dados; Cálculo dos índices de conforto térmico com o pythermalcomfort [2]. O objetivo principal é fornecer a pesquisadores, formuladores de políticas e profissionais uma ferramenta abrangente para avaliar e mitigar os impactos das mudanças climáticas em diferentes cidades brasileiras, oferecendo dados precisos para modelagem de conforto térmico e eficiência energética. A metodologia envolve a geração de futuros arquivos EPW, validando-os com a literatura existente e visualizando os resultados por meio de um dashboard de fácil utilização. O estudo destaca a importância de estratégias adaptativas e resistentes ao clima no planejamento urbano e no projeto de edificações. As mudanças climáticas esperadas no Brasil incluem o aumento da temperatura de bulbo seco e variações na umidade relativa, radiação e velocidade do vento nas diferentes zonas bioclimáticas. O dashboard foi projetado para simplificar a visualização dos dados climáticos futuros, concentrando-se nas principais variáveis climáticas, índices de conforto térmico e visualização dos dados. Ele permite que os usuários filtrem por cidade e calculem automaticamente todos os índices, fornecendo análises detalhadas e comparações de diferentes cenários. Ao oferecer uma ferramenta gratuita, de acesso aberto, multiplataforma, extensível, personalizável e de fácil manutenção, o projeto visa a facilitar atualizações contínuas, novos recursos e correções. Essa ferramenta apoia a tomada de decisões em políticas públicas e planejamento urbano, promovendo um ambiente construído mais sustentável e resiliente em face das mudanças climáticas. 2. Mais detalhes sobre a metodologia Detalhes sobre a seleção dos índices de conforto e como o estudo foi conduzido podem ser encontrados em Vaz et al. [3]. O repositório GitHub em future-EPW-analysis [4] também inclui detalhes sobre os procedimentos passo a passo. Tabela 1 - Parâmetros usados na simulação do FWG Parâmetro Dados utilizados na simulação Arquivos base 578 cidades do COB Modelos CMIP-6 BCC-CSM2-MR, CAS-ESM2.0, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6.1-HR, CNRM-ESM2.1, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-Veg, MIROC-ES2H, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2.0, UKESM1.0-LL Malha Interpolação bilinear dos quatro pontos mais próximos Suavização da transição mensal 72 horas Aplicar limites das variáveis Sim Cenários Total de nove cenários: Um arquivo base em 2021 e oito arquivos futuros (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 e SSP5-8.5 para 2050 e 2080) Correção de hora solar Feita por dia Modelo de radiação difusa Engerer (2015) 3. Referências [1] E. Rodrigues, M.S. Fernandes, D. Carvalho, Future weather generator for building performance research: An open-source morphing tool and an application, Building and Environment 233 (2023) 110104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110104. [2] F. Tartarini, S. Schiavon, pythermalcomfort: A Python package for thermal comfort research, SoftwareX 12 (2020) 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100578. [3] Vaz, I.C.M.; Ghisi, E.; Thives, L.P.; Vieira, A.S.; Rupp, R.F.; da Rosa, A.S.; Flores, R.A.; Bastos, M.B.; Marinoski, D.L.; Silva, A.S.; Weeber, M.; Invidiata, A. (2024). Dashboard for interpreting future climate files used in the simulation of buildings – an outdoor thermal comfort approach. Under submission. [4] Future EPW Analysis - A pipeline of processes aimed at providing future EPW files based on existing models from the literature. Available at: https://github.com/igorcmvaz/future-EPW-analysis. Versão atual do dashboard: 1.0.0. Disponível em Dashboard conforto. As sugestões de melhorias podem ser feitas diretamente no repositório do GitHub em future-EPW-analysis ou enviadas para igorcmvaz@gmail.com. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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    Authors: Vale, Ailton Teixera do; Sablowski, Alexander Rudolph Marin;

    RESUMO Neste trabalho, é feita a análise da eficiência de produção de uma serraria de pequeno porte, localizada no estado de São Paulo, utilizando como ferramentas a “análise de fluxo de massa” e “análise de fluxo de energia”. O objetivo foi avaliar a linha de produção e comparar as ferramentas utilizadas em função dos resultados obtidos e aplicabilidade. Concluiu-se que o “lay out” de disposição dos maquinários deve ser alterado e deve-se utilizar um melhor planejamento do gabarito de corte para que o sistema se torne viável em função da baixa eficiência com grande porcentagem de perda e uso inadequado dos equipamentos e matéria-prima. As ferramentas forneceram resultados similares e por causa da aplicabilidade, propõe-se a utilização da “análise de fluxo de massa” para avaliação de comportamento produtivo de serrarias. ; ABSTRACT This is the analysis of the efficiency of production of one small sawmill, located in São Paulo, using as an instrument of study the “Mass and Energy Flow”, available in the production line. It was concluded that the disposal of the machines should be modified, and that the inclusion of a process of planning of cut design is necessary so that the system becomes viable, since the current configuration presents low income with great percentage of loss and inadequate use of equipment and raw material. Concerning the tools, similar results were found and because of its ease of utilization the “mass and flow” is recommended to the sawmill pattern evaluation.

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    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre;

    Resumo: O aproveitamento energético do biogás de aterros sanitários é uma alternativa sustentável para a disposição final de gases residuais. A estimativa teórica da produção desse biogás torna-se uma ferramenta muito útil para a avaliação de viabilidade e dimensionamento de sistemas de coleta de gás. Os modelos de geração de biogás de aterro mais utilizados atualmente são os baseados em equações de decaimento de primeira ordem. Os modelos LandGEM e IPCC foram utilizados neste trabalho para a estimativa da geração de gases no aterro municipal de Guarapuava (PR, Brasil), onde os principais parâmetros foram escolhidos com base nos dados frequentemente aplicados para cada modelo: valores default sugeridos para as condições locais específicas, para a aplicação do software LandGEM; e cálculo do potencial de geração de metano (L0) a partir da análise gravimétrica dos resíduos, para a aplicação da equação sugerida pelo IPCC. Estimou-se uma produção total de biogás de 44.466.711 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando LandGEM e 60.080.906 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando IPCC, onde os picos de produção foram observados nos anos de 2021 e 2020, respectivamente. A escolha do modelo mais adequado dependerá dos dados disponíveis e, para maior aproximação de resultados reais, os parâmetros adotados devem ser analisados com cautela, considerando as diferentes condições climáticas e operacionais de cada caso. ; Abstract: The energetic use of landfill biogas is a sustainable alternative for the final disposal of waste gases. The theoretical estimation of the production of this biogas becomes a very useful tool for evaluating the feasibility and design of gas collection systems sizing. The most widely used landfill biogas generation models are those based on first-order-decay equations. LandGEM and IPCC models were used in this work to estimate the generation of gases in the municipal landfill of Guarapuava (PR), and the main parameters were chosen based on the frequently applied data for each model: default values suggested for the specific local conditions,for the application of LandGEM software; and calculating the methane generation potential (L0) from the gravimetric analysis of the residues, for the application of the equation suggested by the IPCC. A total biogas production of 44,466,711 Nm³.ano-1 was estimated by applying LandGEM and 60,080,906 Nm³.ano-1 using IPCC, whose production peaks were observed in the years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The choice of the most appropriate model will depend on the available data and, for better approximation to real results, the parameters adopted should be analyzed with caution, considering the difference in climatic and operational conditions of each case.

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    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura de correlação do volume de biogás gerado com as variáveis físico-químicas umidade, pH, alcalinidade, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e sólidos totais voláteis (STV), mediante uma análise de componentes principais (ACP). As repetições de cada tratamento, tanto para o inóculo quanto para o substrato, foram submetidas à análise de correlação de Pearson para se determinar se poderiam ser tratadas como réplicas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 92 unidades amostrais (número de medições diárias referentes à produção de biogás). A produção de biogás dos dois tratamentos (inóculo e substrato) foi avaliada durante 91 dias e entre os tratamentos mediante uma análise de variância (ANOVA). Os tratamentos foram aninhados dentro do tempo, constituindo uma ANOVA com delineamento hierarquizado, com 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a geração de biogás estava mais relacionada com o pH, seguido dos STV, umidade e DQO. A soma da ACP 1 e 2 explicou 98% dos dados de produção de biogás. ; Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation structure of the biogas volume generated with the physical and chemical variables moisture, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total volatile solids (STV), through a principal component analysis (PCA). The replicates of each treatment, for both the inoculum and for the substrate were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis to determine if they could be treated as replicas. To this end, we used 92 sampling units (number of daily measurements on the production of biogas). The biogas production of the two treatments (inoculum and substrate) was evaluated for 91 days and between treatments using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments were nested within time, constituting an ANOVA with hierarchical design, with 5% significance. The results showed that the generation of biogas was more related to the pH, followed by STV, moisture and COD. The sum of the ACP 1 and 2 explained 98% of the biogas production data.

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  • Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou a influência de parâmetros físico-químicos na previsão de geração de biogás a partir da co-digestão da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos (FORSU) inoculados com dejeto suíno nas proporções 1 gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo e 3gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo. Todos os tratamentos foram conduzidos em modo batelada e temperatura constante (32ºC) por 50 dias. Os parâmetros monitorados foram umidade, sólidos totais voláteis (STV) e pH e permitiram avaliar a influência de cada um no processo e sua ação conjunta na condução da biodigestão e consequente geração de biogás. A análise dos parâmetros fisicoquímicos indicou condições favoráveis ao processo de biodigestão. ; Abstract: The present work focused on evaluating the influence of physical-chemical parameters in the forecast of biogas generation from codigestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) codigested with swine manure at 1 gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum and 3gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum ratios. All treatments evaluated were carried out in batch mode and constant temperature (32ºC) for 50 days. Moisture content, volatile solids and pH parameters have been evaluated and allowed to determinate the influence of each one in the process of biodigestion and its influence in biogas generation. The physical-chemical analysis pointed out suitable conditions to biodigestion process. Keywords: Animal manure. Biogas. Codigestion.

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  • Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da utilização de diferentes inóculos de dejeto suíno em diferentes proporções na determinação do potencial de geração de biogás a partir da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Utilizou-se dejeto suíno como inóculo do RSU nas proporções 1 gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo e 3gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo. Todos os biodigestores foram incubados à temperatura constante (32ºC) por 50 dias. Observou-se que a geração média de biogás (volume gerado) foi altamente dependente da proporção resíduo:inóculo utilizada. A eficiência da mistura resíduo:inóculo na proporção 3:1 foi superior à proporção 1:1 em termos de volume de biogás gerado. ; Abstract: The present work focused on evaluating the influence in using swine manure inoculum in different proportions in order to determinate the biogas generation from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). We employed swine manure as inoculum of the MSW at 1 gvswaste:1gvsinoculum and 3 gvswaste:1gvsinoculum ratios. All biodigestors were incubated at constant temperature (32ºC) for 50 days. We could observe that the biogas generation (in volume) was highly dependent of the waste:inoculum ratio used. The efficiency of the blend 3:1 was upper compared to 1:1, taking into account the volume of biogas.

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  • Authors: Protásio, Thiago de Paula; Bufalino, Lina; Junior, Mario Guimarães; Tonoli, Gustavo Henrique Denzin; +1 Authors

    The evaluation of lignocellulosic wastes for bioenergy production demands to consider several characteristics and properties that may be correlated. This fact demands the use of various multivariate analysis techniques that allow the evaluation of relevant energetic factors. This work aimed to apply cluster analysis and principal components analyses for the selection and evaluation of lignocellulosic wastes for bioenergy production. 8 types of residual biomass were used, whose the elemental components (C, H, O, N, S) content, lignin, total extractives and ashes contents, basic density and higher and lower heating values were determined. Both multivariate techniques applied for evaluation and selection of lignocellulosic wastes were efficient and similarities were observed between the biomass groups formed by them. Through the interpretation of the first principal component obtained, it was possible to create a global development index for the evaluation of the viability of energetic uses of biomass. The interpretation of the second principal component allowed a contrast between nitrogen and sulfur contents with oxygen content. ; Na avaliação de resíduos lignocelulósicos para a produção de bioenergia é necessário considerar as várias características e propriedades que podem ser correlacionadas. Este fato demanda o emprego de diversas técnicas de análise multivariada que possibilitem a avaliação dos fatores energéticos mais relevantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar as análises de agrupamento e componentes principais na seleção e avaliação de resíduos lignocelulósicos visando à produção de bioenergia. Foram utilizados 8 tipos de biomassa residual, dos quais foram determinados os teores dos componentes elementares (C, H, O, N, S), os teores de lignina, extrativos totais e cinzas, a densidade básica e o poder calorífico superior e inferior. As duas técnicas multivariadas empregadas para a avaliação e seleção de resíduos lignocelulósicos para a produção de energia foram eficientes, sendo observadas ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vaz, Igor Catão Martins; Ghisi, Enedir; Thives, Liseane Padilha; Vieira, Abel Silva; +8 Authors

    (English) 1. Introduction This project aims to address the impacts of climate change on the built environment by developing a set of future Brazilian EPW (Energy Plus Weather Format) files and a dashboard to interpret and evaluate the data. The future climate files were obtained using the Future Weather Generator (FWG) [1] with climate projections for Brazilian cities, integrating these projections into a code pipeline for automation. In this part of the project, thermal comfort indices, such as the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and the Discomfort Index (DI), were also evaluated to understand future thermal comfort conditions. The methodology followed the structure available in the future-EPW-analysis repository: Climate-One-Building (COB) web-scrapping for all available Brazilian EPW files (we recommend doing this carefully so as not to damage the COB infrastructure); Automatic organisation of all EPW files in a folder, extracting them from the ZIP format; Simulation of future climate files using FutureWeatherGenerator [1] in a line of code with default parameters (shown in Table 1); Organisation of all available EPWs (original and simulated) in a single database; Calculation of thermal comfort indices using pythermalcomfort [2]. The main objective is to provide researchers, policymakers and professionals with a comprehensive tool for assessing and mitigating the impacts of climate change in different Brazilian cities, offering accurate data for thermal comfort and energy efficiency modelling. The methodology involves generating future EPW files, validating them against existing literature and visualising the results through a user-friendly dashboard. The study highlights the importance of adaptive and climate-resilient strategies in urban planning and building design. Expected climate changes in Brazil include increased dry bulb temperature and variations in relative humidity, radiation and wind speed in the different bioclimatic zones. The dashboard has been designed to simplify the visualisation of future climate data, focusing on the main climate variables, thermal comfort indices and data visualisation. It allows users to filter by city and automatically calculate all the indices, providing detailed analyses and comparisons of different scenarios. By offering a free, open-access, multi-platform, extensible, customisable and easy-to-maintain tool, the project aims to facilitate continuous updates, new features and corrections. This tool supports decision-making in public policy and urban planning, promoting a more sustainable and resilient built environment in the face of climate change. 2. Further details on the methodology Details on how the indices were selected and how the study was conducted may be found in Vaz et al. [3]. The GitHub repository in future-EPW-analysis [4] also includes details on the step-by-step procedures. Table 1 - Parameters used in the FWG simulation: Parameter Data used in the simulations Base files 578 cities from COB CMIP-6 models BCC-CSM2-MR, CAS-ESM2.0, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6.1-HR, CNRM-ESM2.1, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-Veg, MIROC-ES2H, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2.0, UKESM1.0-LL Grid Bilinear interpolation of the four nearest points Month transition smoothness 72 hours Apply variable limits True Scenarios A total of nine scenarios: One baseline for 2021 and eight future files (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 for 2050 and 2080) Solar hour correction Made by day Diffuse irradiation model Engerer, 2015 3. References [1] E. Rodrigues, M.S. Fernandes, D. Carvalho, Future weather generator for building performance research: An open-source morphing tool and an application, Building and Environment 233 (2023) 110104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110104. [2] F. Tartarini, S. Schiavon, pythermalcomfort: A Python package for thermal comfort research, SoftwareX 12 (2020) 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100578. [3] Vaz, I.C.M.; Ghisi, E.; Thives, L.P.; Vieira, A.S.; Rupp, R.F.; da Rosa, A.S.; Flores, R.A.; Bastos, M.B.; Marinoski, D.L.; Silva, A.S.; Weeber, M.; Invidiata, A. (2024). Dashboard for interpreting future climate files used in the simulation of buildings – an outdoor thermal comfort approach. Under submission. [4] Future EPW Analysis - A pipeline of processes aimed at providing future EPW files based on existing models from the literature. Available at: https://github.com/igorcmvaz/future-EPW-analysis. Current version of the dashboard: 1.0.0. Available at Dashboard Comfort. Suggestions for improvements can be made directly in the GitHub repository at future-EPW-analysis or sent to igorcmvaz@gmail.com. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Português-BR) 1. Introdução Este projeto tem como objetivo abordar os impactos das mudanças climáticas no ambiente construído, desenvolvendo um conjunto de futuros arquivos EPW (Energy Plus Weather Format) brasileiros e um dashboard para interpretar e avaliar os dados. Os arquivos climáticos futuros foram obtidos com o Future Weather Generator (FWG) [1] com projeções climáticas para cidades brasileiras, integrando essas projeções a um pipeline de código para automação. Nessa parte do projeto, os índices de conforto térmico, como o Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) e o Discomfort Index (DI), também foram avaliados para entender as condições futuras de conforto térmico. A metodologia seguiu a estrutura que está disponível no repositório future-EPW-analysis: Web-scrapping do Climate-One-Building (COB) para todos os arquivos EPW brasileiros disponíveis (recomendamos fazer isso com cuidado para não prejudicar a infraestrutura do COB); Organização automática de todos os arquivos EPW em uma pasta, extraindo-os do formato ZIP; Simulação dos arquivos climáticos futuros por meio do FutureWeatherGenerator [1] em linha de código com parâmetros padrão (mostrados na Tabela 1); Organização de todos os EPW disponíveis (originais e simulados) em um único banco de dados; Cálculo dos índices de conforto térmico com o pythermalcomfort [2]. O objetivo principal é fornecer a pesquisadores, formuladores de políticas e profissionais uma ferramenta abrangente para avaliar e mitigar os impactos das mudanças climáticas em diferentes cidades brasileiras, oferecendo dados precisos para modelagem de conforto térmico e eficiência energética. A metodologia envolve a geração de futuros arquivos EPW, validando-os com a literatura existente e visualizando os resultados por meio de um dashboard de fácil utilização. O estudo destaca a importância de estratégias adaptativas e resistentes ao clima no planejamento urbano e no projeto de edificações. As mudanças climáticas esperadas no Brasil incluem o aumento da temperatura de bulbo seco e variações na umidade relativa, radiação e velocidade do vento nas diferentes zonas bioclimáticas. O dashboard foi projetado para simplificar a visualização dos dados climáticos futuros, concentrando-se nas principais variáveis climáticas, índices de conforto térmico e visualização dos dados. Ele permite que os usuários filtrem por cidade e calculem automaticamente todos os índices, fornecendo análises detalhadas e comparações de diferentes cenários. Ao oferecer uma ferramenta gratuita, de acesso aberto, multiplataforma, extensível, personalizável e de fácil manutenção, o projeto visa a facilitar atualizações contínuas, novos recursos e correções. Essa ferramenta apoia a tomada de decisões em políticas públicas e planejamento urbano, promovendo um ambiente construído mais sustentável e resiliente em face das mudanças climáticas. 2. Mais detalhes sobre a metodologia Detalhes sobre a seleção dos índices de conforto e como o estudo foi conduzido podem ser encontrados em Vaz et al. [3]. O repositório GitHub em future-EPW-analysis [4] também inclui detalhes sobre os procedimentos passo a passo. Tabela 1 - Parâmetros usados na simulação do FWG Parâmetro Dados utilizados na simulação Arquivos base 578 cidades do COB Modelos CMIP-6 BCC-CSM2-MR, CAS-ESM2.0, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6.1-HR, CNRM-ESM2.1, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-Veg, MIROC-ES2H, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2.0, UKESM1.0-LL Malha Interpolação bilinear dos quatro pontos mais próximos Suavização da transição mensal 72 horas Aplicar limites das variáveis Sim Cenários Total de nove cenários: Um arquivo base em 2021 e oito arquivos futuros (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 e SSP5-8.5 para 2050 e 2080) Correção de hora solar Feita por dia Modelo de radiação difusa Engerer (2015) 3. Referências [1] E. Rodrigues, M.S. Fernandes, D. Carvalho, Future weather generator for building performance research: An open-source morphing tool and an application, Building and Environment 233 (2023) 110104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110104. [2] F. Tartarini, S. Schiavon, pythermalcomfort: A Python package for thermal comfort research, SoftwareX 12 (2020) 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100578. [3] Vaz, I.C.M.; Ghisi, E.; Thives, L.P.; Vieira, A.S.; Rupp, R.F.; da Rosa, A.S.; Flores, R.A.; Bastos, M.B.; Marinoski, D.L.; Silva, A.S.; Weeber, M.; Invidiata, A. (2024). Dashboard for interpreting future climate files used in the simulation of buildings – an outdoor thermal comfort approach. Under submission. [4] Future EPW Analysis - A pipeline of processes aimed at providing future EPW files based on existing models from the literature. Available at: https://github.com/igorcmvaz/future-EPW-analysis. Versão atual do dashboard: 1.0.0. Disponível em Dashboard conforto. As sugestões de melhorias podem ser feitas diretamente no repositório do GitHub em future-EPW-analysis ou enviadas para igorcmvaz@gmail.com. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vale, Ailton Teixera do; Sablowski, Alexander Rudolph Marin;

    RESUMO Neste trabalho, é feita a análise da eficiência de produção de uma serraria de pequeno porte, localizada no estado de São Paulo, utilizando como ferramentas a “análise de fluxo de massa” e “análise de fluxo de energia”. O objetivo foi avaliar a linha de produção e comparar as ferramentas utilizadas em função dos resultados obtidos e aplicabilidade. Concluiu-se que o “lay out” de disposição dos maquinários deve ser alterado e deve-se utilizar um melhor planejamento do gabarito de corte para que o sistema se torne viável em função da baixa eficiência com grande porcentagem de perda e uso inadequado dos equipamentos e matéria-prima. As ferramentas forneceram resultados similares e por causa da aplicabilidade, propõe-se a utilização da “análise de fluxo de massa” para avaliação de comportamento produtivo de serrarias. ; ABSTRACT This is the analysis of the efficiency of production of one small sawmill, located in São Paulo, using as an instrument of study the “Mass and Energy Flow”, available in the production line. It was concluded that the disposal of the machines should be modified, and that the inclusion of a process of planning of cut design is necessary so that the system becomes viable, since the current configuration presents low income with great percentage of loss and inadequate use of equipment and raw material. Concerning the tools, similar results were found and because of its ease of utilization the “mass and flow” is recommended to the sawmill pattern evaluation.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre;

    Resumo: O aproveitamento energético do biogás de aterros sanitários é uma alternativa sustentável para a disposição final de gases residuais. A estimativa teórica da produção desse biogás torna-se uma ferramenta muito útil para a avaliação de viabilidade e dimensionamento de sistemas de coleta de gás. Os modelos de geração de biogás de aterro mais utilizados atualmente são os baseados em equações de decaimento de primeira ordem. Os modelos LandGEM e IPCC foram utilizados neste trabalho para a estimativa da geração de gases no aterro municipal de Guarapuava (PR, Brasil), onde os principais parâmetros foram escolhidos com base nos dados frequentemente aplicados para cada modelo: valores default sugeridos para as condições locais específicas, para a aplicação do software LandGEM; e cálculo do potencial de geração de metano (L0) a partir da análise gravimétrica dos resíduos, para a aplicação da equação sugerida pelo IPCC. Estimou-se uma produção total de biogás de 44.466.711 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando LandGEM e 60.080.906 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando IPCC, onde os picos de produção foram observados nos anos de 2021 e 2020, respectivamente. A escolha do modelo mais adequado dependerá dos dados disponíveis e, para maior aproximação de resultados reais, os parâmetros adotados devem ser analisados com cautela, considerando as diferentes condições climáticas e operacionais de cada caso. ; Abstract: The energetic use of landfill biogas is a sustainable alternative for the final disposal of waste gases. The theoretical estimation of the production of this biogas becomes a very useful tool for evaluating the feasibility and design of gas collection systems sizing. The most widely used landfill biogas generation models are those based on first-order-decay equations. LandGEM and IPCC models were used in this work to estimate the generation of gases in the municipal landfill of Guarapuava (PR), and the main parameters were chosen based on the frequently applied data for each model: default values suggested for the specific local conditions,for the application of LandGEM software; and calculating the methane generation potential (L0) from the gravimetric analysis of the residues, for the application of the equation suggested by the IPCC. A total biogas production of 44,466,711 Nm³.ano-1 was estimated by applying LandGEM and 60,080,906 Nm³.ano-1 using IPCC, whose production peaks were observed in the years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The choice of the most appropriate model will depend on the available data and, for better approximation to real results, the parameters adopted should be analyzed with caution, considering the difference in climatic and operational conditions of each case.

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    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura de correlação do volume de biogás gerado com as variáveis físico-químicas umidade, pH, alcalinidade, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e sólidos totais voláteis (STV), mediante uma análise de componentes principais (ACP). As repetições de cada tratamento, tanto para o inóculo quanto para o substrato, foram submetidas à análise de correlação de Pearson para se determinar se poderiam ser tratadas como réplicas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 92 unidades amostrais (número de medições diárias referentes à produção de biogás). A produção de biogás dos dois tratamentos (inóculo e substrato) foi avaliada durante 91 dias e entre os tratamentos mediante uma análise de variância (ANOVA). Os tratamentos foram aninhados dentro do tempo, constituindo uma ANOVA com delineamento hierarquizado, com 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a geração de biogás estava mais relacionada com o pH, seguido dos STV, umidade e DQO. A soma da ACP 1 e 2 explicou 98% dos dados de produção de biogás. ; Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation structure of the biogas volume generated with the physical and chemical variables moisture, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total volatile solids (STV), through a principal component analysis (PCA). The replicates of each treatment, for both the inoculum and for the substrate were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis to determine if they could be treated as replicas. To this end, we used 92 sampling units (number of daily measurements on the production of biogas). The biogas production of the two treatments (inoculum and substrate) was evaluated for 91 days and between treatments using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments were nested within time, constituting an ANOVA with hierarchical design, with 5% significance. The results showed that the generation of biogas was more related to the pH, followed by STV, moisture and COD. The sum of the ACP 1 and 2 explained 98% of the biogas production data.

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  • Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou a influência de parâmetros físico-químicos na previsão de geração de biogás a partir da co-digestão da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos (FORSU) inoculados com dejeto suíno nas proporções 1 gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo e 3gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo. Todos os tratamentos foram conduzidos em modo batelada e temperatura constante (32ºC) por 50 dias. Os parâmetros monitorados foram umidade, sólidos totais voláteis (STV) e pH e permitiram avaliar a influência de cada um no processo e sua ação conjunta na condução da biodigestão e consequente geração de biogás. A análise dos parâmetros fisicoquímicos indicou condições favoráveis ao processo de biodigestão. ; Abstract: The present work focused on evaluating the influence of physical-chemical parameters in the forecast of biogas generation from codigestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) codigested with swine manure at 1 gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum and 3gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum ratios. All treatments evaluated were carried out in batch mode and constant temperature (32ºC) for 50 days. Moisture content, volatile solids and pH parameters have been evaluated and allowed to determinate the influence of each one in the process of biodigestion and its influence in biogas generation. The physical-chemical analysis pointed out suitable conditions to biodigestion process. Keywords: Animal manure. Biogas. Codigestion.

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  • Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da utilização de diferentes inóculos de dejeto suíno em diferentes proporções na determinação do potencial de geração de biogás a partir da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Utilizou-se dejeto suíno como inóculo do RSU nas proporções 1 gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo e 3gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo. Todos os biodigestores foram incubados à temperatura constante (32ºC) por 50 dias. Observou-se que a geração média de biogás (volume gerado) foi altamente dependente da proporção resíduo:inóculo utilizada. A eficiência da mistura resíduo:inóculo na proporção 3:1 foi superior à proporção 1:1 em termos de volume de biogás gerado. ; Abstract: The present work focused on evaluating the influence in using swine manure inoculum in different proportions in order to determinate the biogas generation from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). We employed swine manure as inoculum of the MSW at 1 gvswaste:1gvsinoculum and 3 gvswaste:1gvsinoculum ratios. All biodigestors were incubated at constant temperature (32ºC) for 50 days. We could observe that the biogas generation (in volume) was highly dependent of the waste:inoculum ratio used. The efficiency of the blend 3:1 was upper compared to 1:1, taking into account the volume of biogas.

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  • Authors: Protásio, Thiago de Paula; Bufalino, Lina; Junior, Mario Guimarães; Tonoli, Gustavo Henrique Denzin; +1 Authors

    The evaluation of lignocellulosic wastes for bioenergy production demands to consider several characteristics and properties that may be correlated. This fact demands the use of various multivariate analysis techniques that allow the evaluation of relevant energetic factors. This work aimed to apply cluster analysis and principal components analyses for the selection and evaluation of lignocellulosic wastes for bioenergy production. 8 types of residual biomass were used, whose the elemental components (C, H, O, N, S) content, lignin, total extractives and ashes contents, basic density and higher and lower heating values were determined. Both multivariate techniques applied for evaluation and selection of lignocellulosic wastes were efficient and similarities were observed between the biomass groups formed by them. Through the interpretation of the first principal component obtained, it was possible to create a global development index for the evaluation of the viability of energetic uses of biomass. The interpretation of the second principal component allowed a contrast between nitrogen and sulfur contents with oxygen content. ; Na avaliação de resíduos lignocelulósicos para a produção de bioenergia é necessário considerar as várias características e propriedades que podem ser correlacionadas. Este fato demanda o emprego de diversas técnicas de análise multivariada que possibilitem a avaliação dos fatores energéticos mais relevantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar as análises de agrupamento e componentes principais na seleção e avaliação de resíduos lignocelulósicos visando à produção de bioenergia. Foram utilizados 8 tipos de biomassa residual, dos quais foram determinados os teores dos componentes elementares (C, H, O, N, S), os teores de lignina, extrativos totais e cinzas, a densidade básica e o poder calorífico superior e inferior. As duas técnicas multivariadas empregadas para a avaliação e seleção de resíduos lignocelulósicos para a produção de energia foram eficientes, sendo observadas ...

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