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Sports activities through university clubs are very important because university students need to have functional and emotional literacy through physical education classes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically verify the effect of participation motivation of university futsal club participants on sports commitment and continuous participation intention. To this end, 250 male college students who participated in a futsal club living in Seoul were used as a sample group, and a survey was conducted for about two weeks from 3 March to 18 March 2022. Of the 235 respondents, a final 221 were used for data analysis. The statistical processing of the data collected for this study was analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program and the AMOS 26.0 program. The main results are as follows. First, participation motivation factors such as pleasure, technical development, and outward display significantly positively affected sports commitment. Second, sports commitment of university students significantly positively affected continuous participation intention. Third, among the participation motivation factors, technological development and condition factors directly and positively affected continuous participation intention, but pleasure and outward display factors did not directly affect continuous participation intention. The mediating effect of sports commitment was confirmed in the relationship between pleasure, technical development, and outward display, which are subfactors of participation motivation and continuous participation intention. As it was revealed that participation motivation and commitment to sports are important factors in the intention to continue to participate in sports, a physical education class program to increase such participation motivation and commitment is needed.

Abstract Background Drinking usually begins in adolescence and is a major public health concern. Few studies have identified multilevel factors considering the frequency and amount of drinking among adolescents. This study aimed to identify the multilevel factors associated with lifetime, current, and binge drinking among Korean adolescents based on the ecological model. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 60,040). Hierarchal multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed using complex sample data. Results Overall, 15,030 (25.4%), 4,629 (8.0%), and 5,038 (8.9%) subjects were involved in lifetime, current, and binge drinking, respectively. The following multilevel factors revealed significant associations with lifetime, current, and binge drinking: boys, high school students, depression, suicidal ideation at individual level, family acceptance of alcohol use, poor household economic status at family level, poor academic achievement, not receiving education on alcohol use at school level, possible alcohol access, and harm caused by drinkers at social level (all ps < .01). The main risk factors were family acceptance of alcohol use (lifetime, current, and binge drinking vs. OR = 3.95, 6.88, and 5.46, respectively) and possible alcohol access (OR = 5.65, 19.78, and 93.62). Discussion This study revealed multilevel factors associated with lifetime, current, and binge drinking. School nurses and community leaders are necessary to develop customized drinking prevention programs considering drinking frequency and amount, and individual, family, school, and social factors. Especially, the implementation of a drinking prevention program that reduces family acceptance of alcohol use and access to alcohol could be an effective strategy.

There has been a significant increase in opportunities to improve school environments in the UK. There has, however, been little study on the design of sheltered transitional spaces, despite growing architectural demand for this, examples of which can be easily found in most primary schools in the UK. Computer simulations (Rayman, Ecotect and Winair4) were performed to identify the influence of different parameters: that of having a canopy; the effect of the transmissivity of the canopy material (three transparencies 0%, 50% and 90% were considered); orientation (four orientations—north, east, south and west—were considered); and location (three cities: London, Manchester and Glasgow). The combined effects of canopy transparency and orientation were shown to be critical design considerations in affecting comfort conditions in outdoor spaces. It was found that outdoor comfort conditions in the transitional space can be enhanced by 41.5% in August by choosing a canopy of 0% transparency, compared with a canopy of 90% transparency in London. The fixed canopy with a higher transparency helped to increase outdoor thermal comfort in Glasgow, while one with a lower transparency showed better performance during summer in London. This research will help design environmentally sophisticated transitional spaces in schools.

This report is the result of a survey conducted in 1996 to see the status of electric power engineering in Korea. This report is limited to 37 responded electrical and related engineering departments of four-year colleges and universities in Korea. This report contains electric power engineering faculty, graduate students, graduate and undergraduate courses, and average course enrolments. Also included is the comparison of graduate students and faculty of power engineering in Korea, the US and Canada.

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that have the most decisive influence on actual learning intention that leads to participation in adult education. For developing the predictive model, we used tree-based machine learning, with the longitudinal big data (2017~2020) of Korean adults. Based on the gradient boosting machine (GBM) results, among the eleven variables used, the most influential variables in predicting the possibility of lifelong education participation were self-pay education expenses and then highest level of education completed. After the grid search, not only the importance of the two variables but also the overall figures including the false positive rate improved. In future studies, it will be possible to improve the performance of the machine learning model by adjusting the hyper-parameters that can be directly set by less computational methods.

Owing to the recent increase in the number of warning reports and alerts on the dangers of fine dusts, there has been an increasing concern over fine dusts among citizens. In spaces with poor ventilation, the occupants are forced to open the window to initiate natural ventilation via the direct introduction of the outside air; however, this may pose a serious challenge if the external fine-dust concentration is high. The lack of natural ventilation increases the indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, thus necessitating the installation of mechanical ventilation systems. This study analyzed the frequency of the application of mechanical ventilation systems in the Multi-purpose activity space of elementary schools, which are spaces where children require a higher indoor air quality than adults owing to the rapid increase in the CO2 concentration of the Multi-purpose activity space during activities. In addition, the architectural and equipment factors of the Multi-purpose activity spaces of nine elementary schools were characterized. The results revealed that five out of the nine elementary schools installed mechanical ventilation systems, whereas the remaining four schools installed jet air turnover systems. The indoor air quality of the Multi-purpose activity space of D elementary school, which had the minimum facility volume among the schools investigated in this study (564.2 m3), with up to 32 participants for each activity, was investigated. The results revealed that the ultrafine-dust (PM2.5) concentration of the facility was as high as 4.75 µg/m3 at a height of 1.2 m, and the CO2 concentration was as high as 3183 ppm. The results of the analysis of three elementary schools with different volumes were compared and analyzed using CONTAM simulation. This study determined the required volume per occupant and the optimum number of occupants for a given volume and presented guidelines for the optimum number of occupants, activities, and volume to reduce the high concentration of pollutants in the analyzed Multi-purpose activity space. The guideline proposed in this study is aimed at maintaining the CO2 concentration of the Multi-purpose activity space below 1000 ppm, as prescribed by the Indoor Air Quality Control in Public-Use Facilities, Etc. Act in South Korea.

Social distancing has encouraged the use of various non-face-to-face services utilizing information and communication technology, especially in the education sector. Educators and learners are increasingly utilizing online technology to conduct non-face-to-face classes, which has resulted in an increased use of EduTech. Virtual education is expected to expand continuously. However, students involved in virtual education find it difficult to focus and participate in the classes. Hence, we propose a system that can improve learners’ focus and immersion in metaverse-based education. In this paper, we propose a sustainable educational metaverse content and system based on deep learning that can enhance learners’ immersion. We built an AI-based simulation that judges learning activities based on the learning behavior rather than on the learner’s device and program events and allows the user to proceed to the next level of education. In the simulation implemented in this study, virtual reality educational contents were created for 12 educational activities, and the effectiveness of four learning models in assessing the learning effectiveness of learners was evaluated. From the four models, an ensemble model with boosting was adopted considering its accuracy, complexity, and efficiency. The F1-score and specificity of the adopted learning model were confirmed. This model was applied to the system in a simulation.

AbstractA new trend of schooling is characterized by long‐term learning and driven by technological, social, and cultural developments. This trend means that physical education (PE) and sports science must be strengthened. Although PE and sports are practical activities, specialists can make use of modern teaching technologies. Basketball is intended to develop the skills and understanding of movement and protection and its ability to take use of an active and healthy lifestyle in a variety of activities. Therefore, a survey suggested that, energy is valuable part in PE, especially more energy is increased by playing basketball. Hence this study concentrates on Hidden Markov hybridised with Motion Model (HM‐HMM), to save energy through the habit of playing basketball. The secret of HM‐HMM is computer evaluation system, particularly useful for the calculation of mastery of the academic knowledge of a collection of information points in pathways in PE in colleges to approximate and infer difficulties and unknown properties according to the observed variables. This article introduces a motion model which is more practical based on studies for player movement to save energy.