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  • We assessed climate change on the territory of Kazakhstan. Changes in the regime of air temperature and precipitation were analyzed for the whole territory of Kazakhstan and its administrative areas over the last 75 years from 1940 to 2015. As indicators of the regional climate average annual air temperature and annual precipitation were considered. To characterize the climatic variability of temperature conditions and moisture regime were analyzed for their seasonal variations for the considered territory. During the study period there has been a general increase in the surface air temperature as a whole in Kazakhstan for the year and in all seasons. There is a weak tendency of annual precipitation decrease on the average for the territory under consideration. The number of hot days when the daily maximum air temperature exceeds 30 °C and the number of days with temperatures below minus 30 °C was also calculated. It is shown that the total duration of warm periods increases by 1-4 days/10 years. Almost everywhere on the territory of Kazakhstan a trend of decreasing frequency of frosty days is being observed. Проведена оценка изменения климата на территории Казахстана. Исследованы изменения в режиме температуры воздуха и атмосферных осадков для всей территории Казахстана и для административных областей за последние 75 лет с 1940 по 2015 год. В качестве основных показателей регионального климата использовались среднегодовая температура воздуха и годовые суммы осадков. Для характеристики климатической изменчивости температурных условий и режима увлажнения анализировались их сезонные изменения по рассматриваемой территории. За исследуемый период в Казахстане наблюдалось повсеместное повышение приземной температуры воздуха, как в целом за год, так и во все сезоны. В среднем по рассматриваемой территории отмечается слабая тенденция к уменьшению годовые суммы осадков. Рассчитано годовое число жарких дней, когда суточный максимум температуры воздуха превышает 30 °С и число дней с температурой воздуха ниже минус 30 °С. Показано, что общая продолжительность тёплых периодов становится больше – на 1–4 дня/10 лет. Практически повсеместно на территории Казахстана наблюдается тенденция уменьшения повторяемости морозных дней.

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  • The article analyzes the formation of zooplankton fauna of river Omutki in summer based on research in 2016. The presence of 12 species of zooplankton with a predominance (83 %) of Daphnidae was established, dominant species are Polyphemus pediculus, Simocephalus vetulus, Ceriodaphnia reticulata. The highest abundance and biomass are observed in the summer months, with peaks at the end of June and the beginning of August. В статье анализируется формирование фауны зоопланктона р. Омутки летом по итогам исследований 2016 г. Установлено наличие 12 видов зоопланктона с преобладанием (83 %) ветвистоусых ракообразных, доминирующие виды — Polyphemus pediculus, Simocephalus vetulus, Ceriodaphnia reticulata. Наибольшая численность и биомасса наблюдаются в летние месяцы с пиками — в конце июня и начале августа. ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ, Выпуск 1 (37) 2020

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  • Горнодобывающая промышленность является основой для развивающейся отечественной экономики. Однако для успешного функционирования всего хозяйства необходима развитая обрабатывающая промышленность. Все эти компоненты должны функционировать совместно и составлять единый экономический организм. Казахстан – территориально крупная страна, которая отличается многообразием полезных ископаемых, где каждый регион специализируется на определенных отраслях промышленности. В статье выполнен обзор горнодобывающей промышленности Павлодарской области. Исследованы и изучены положительные и отрицательные стороны функционирования крупных горнодобывающих предприятий и их влияния на окружающую среду. Для наглядности приведены таблицы и рисунки, что позволит более объективно оценить сложившуюся картину. The mining industry is the backbone of a growing domestic economy. However, for the successful functioning of the entire economy, a developed manufacturing industry is needed. All these components must function together and form a single economic organism. Kazakhstan is a geographically large country with a variety of minerals, where each region specializes in certain industries. The article provides an overview of the mining industry of the Pavlodar region. The positive and negative aspects of the functioning of large mining enterprises and their impact on the environment have been investigated and studied. For clarity, tables and figures are given, which will allow a more objective assessment of the current picture. Key words: mining industry, minerals of Kazakhstan, Pavlodar region, fuel and energy complex, mining and metallurgical complex, geology and mineralogy, coal, copper ore, industrial ecology, environmental protection.

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    A micro powerplant with an engine with an external heat supply generates electrical energy for the company's own needs using heat loss from coke production. The basis of a micro thermal power plant is an external heat supply engine based on the Stirling principle. In this paper, authors take into account the positive results, experience, and achievements of foreigners, to create own design. The article presents some results of research on the efficiency of the engine with external heat supply. The article also shows the main technical characteristics of the model. In order to achieve high engine efficiency, it is necessary to get effective heating and cooling of a body. The article provides solutions to these problems. In addition, the article presents a simulation of the process of increasing pressure with the application of a computer program, which clearly shows all the performance characteristics of the engine. Микро электростанция с двигателем с внешним подводом теплоты будет вырабатывать электрическую энергию для собственных нужд предприятия используя тепловые потери коксового производства. Основой микро тепловой электростанции является двигатель с внешним подводом теплоты работающий по принципу Стирлинга. В своей работе мы учитываем положительные результаты, опыт и достижения зарубежных, для создания собственной конструкции. В статье приведены некоторые результаты исследований по эффективности работы двигателя с внешним подводом теплоты. Также в статье показаны основные технические характеристики модели. Для достижения высокого КПД двигателя необходимо добиться эффективного нагрева и охлаждения тела. В статье предоставлены пути решения данных проблем. Кроме того, в статье есть моделирование процесса увеличения давления при помощи компьютерной программы, что наглядно показывает все рабочие характеристики двигателя. №1(79) (2019)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
      Article . 2019
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    В данной статье рассматривается возможности энергосбережения в перекачки воды, на базе электропривода. В этой статье мы рассматриваем возможности энергосбережения в насосных агрегатах для перекачки воды, на основе регулируемого электропривода. Представлены стандартные характеристики центробежного насосного агрегата, и пути экономии электрической энергии в насосных агрегатах, иллюстрированы энергетической диаграммой системы «преобразователь частоты – электрический двигатель – центробежный насос». In this article, the authors consider the possibilities of energy saving in water pumping, based on an electric drive. We consider the possibilities of energy saving in pumping units for pumping water, based on a regulated electric drive. The standard characteristics of a centrifugal pumping unit are presented, and ways to save electrical energy in pumping units are illustrated by the energy diagram of the system "frequency converter – electric motor – centrifugal pump." №06(72) (2018)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
      Article . 2018
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  • In this article, the main goal is an attempt to present conclusions on the analysis of changes in China's environmental policy in the framework of sustainable development goals. Within the framework of the SDGs, China is moving in three main directions: economic, social and environmental. All three components are somehow interconnected with each other; however, the article provides conclusions only on the environmental component. Thus, data for the last ten years are taken as a basis, including reasonable indicators in the UN 2030 agenda. It is important to note that despite the fact that China paid great attention to the economy during a significant period of its existence, however, positive shifts towards improving the environment have recently been noticed. It was concluded that this change has made a positive contribution to China's sustainable development by creating a more balanced framework for future development using both mandatory and market-based instruments. Nevertheless, in order to achieve the SDGs in the field of ecology, it is necessary, on the one hand, to accelerate the process of creating an “ecological civilization”, and on the other hand, pay attention to policy coordination, considering existing problems in the environmental, social and economic spheres. в данной статье главной целью служит попытка предоставить выводы по анализу изменений экологической политики Китая в рамках целей устойчивого развития. В рамках ЦУР Китай двигается в трех основных направлениях: экономической, социальной и экологической. Все три компонента так или иначе взаимосвязаны с друг-другом, однако в статье приводятся выводы только по экологическому компоненту. Таким образом за основу взяты данные за последние десять лет, в том числе обоснованные показатели в повестке ООН до 2030 года. Важно отметить, что несмотря на то, что Китай в существенное время своего существования уделял большое внимание экономике, в последнее время были замечены позитивные сдвиги в сторону улучшения экологии. Был сделан вывод о том, что данное изменение внесло позитивный вклад в устойчивое развитие Китая, сформировав более сбалансированную структуру для будущего развития с использованием как обязательных, так и рыночных инструментов. Тем не менее для выполнения ЦУР в области экологии нужно, с одной стороны, ускорить процесс создания «экологической цивилизации», а с другой, обратить внимание на координацию политики с учетом существующих проблем в экологической, социальной и экономической сферах. Осы мақалада негізгі мақсат - тұрақты даму мақсаттары шеңберінде Қытайдың экологиялық саясатындағы өзгерістерді талдау бойынша қорытындыларды ұсыну әрекеті болып табылады.. ТДМ шеңберінде Қытай үш негізгі бағытта қозғалады: экономикалық, әлеуметтік және экологиялық. Барлық үш құрамдас бір-бірімен қандай да бір түрде байланысты, дегенмен мақалада тек экологиялық компонент бойынша қорытындылар берілген. Осылайша, БҰҰ-ның 2030 күн тәртібіндегі негізді көрсеткіштерді қоса алғанда, соңғы он жылдағы деректер негізге алынды. Қытай өзінің өмір сүрген елеулі кезеңінде экономикаға үлкен көңіл бөлгеніне қарамастан, соңғы уақытта қоршаған ортаны жақсарту бағытында оң өзгерістер байқалғанын атап өткен жөн. Бұл өзгеріс міндетті және нарықтық құралдарды пайдалана отырып, болашақ даму үшін анағұрлым теңдестірілген негіз құру арқылы Қытайдың тұрақты дамуына оң ықпал етті деген қорытындыға келді. Осыған қарамастан, экология саласындағы ТМД-ға қол жеткізу үшін, бір жағынан, «экологиялық өркениетті» құру үдерісін жеделдету қажет, ал екінші жағынан, саясатты үйлестіруге назар аудару қажет. экологиялық, әлеуметтік және экономикалық салалардағы бар проблемалар. Международные отношения и Регионоведение, Выпуск 4 (50) 2022

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    Authors: M E Rakhmetov; B Z Kenzhegulov; A N Muratkaliev; T B Gapuova;

    На основе энергетических принципов ориентированный на минимизации полной тепловой энергии упругих деформации в сочетании применении квадратичного конечного элемента с тремя узлами разработан вичислительный алгоритм и численно исследована термо-напряженно-деформированное состояние защемленного двумя концами стержня, постоянного поперечного сечения в зависимости наличия частичной теплоизоляции, теплового потока и теплообменов. The computational algorithm is developed and the thermo-stress-strain state of a rod fixed at two ends with a constant cross section depending on the presence of partial thermal insulation, heat flux and heat exchanges is numerically investigated, based on energy principles, focused on minimization of total thermal energy of elastic deformations combined with the use of a quadratic finite element with three nodes. №2(92) (2020)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
    Article . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
      Article . 2020
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  • In this paper, based on the analysis of the current state of the coal industry, the prospects for sustainable development of the coal industry are shown. A brief comparative analysis of the existing coal burning technology used in the energy complex with alternative sources of electricity generation is carried out. The ways of solutions that allow to increase the efficiency of the coal industry through the introduction of new technologies aimed at the disposal of waste from coal combustion – deep cleaning of waste gases of the CHP from SO2 and NOx and the processing of ash and slag waste are indicated. The main technological indicators of innovative technologies developed by the authors of the article are given, which allow for deep sanitary purification of gases and complex processing of ash and slag waste to obtain commercial product Бұл жұмыста көмір саласының қазіргі жағдайын талдау негізінде көмір саласының тұрақты даму перспективалары көрсетілген. Электр энергиясын өндірудің баламалы көздерімен энергетикалық кешенде қолданылатын көмірді жағудың қолданыстағы технологиясына қысқаша салыстырмалы талдау жүргізілді. Көмір жағудан алынатын қалдықтарды кәдеге жаратуға – ЖЭО-нан шығатын газдарды SO2 және NOx-тан терең тазартуға және күлшлак қалдықтарын қайта өңдеуге бағытталған жаңа технологияларды енгізу есебінен көмір саласының тиімділігін арттыруға мүмкіндік беретін шешу жолдары көрсетілген. Мақаланың авторларымен әзірленген газдарды терең санитарлық тазартуды және тауарлық өнімдерді ала отырып, күлшлак қалдықтарын кешенді өңдеуді қамтамасыз етуге мүмкіндік беретін инновациялық технологиялардың негізгі технологиялық көрсеткіштері көрсетілген В настоящей работе на основании анализа современного состояния угольной отрасли показаны перспективы устойчивого развития угольной отрасли. Проведен краткий сравнительный анализ существующей технологии сжигания угля, применяемой в энергетическом комплексе, с альтернативными источниками выработки электроэнергии. Указаны пути решения, позволяющие повысить эффективность угольной отрасли за счет внедрения новых технологий, направленных на утилизацию отходов от сжигания угля – глубокую очистку отходящих газов ТЭЦ от SO2 и NOx и переработку золошлаковых отходов. Приведены основные технологические показатели разработанных авторами статьи инновационных технологий, позволяющих обеспечить глубокую санитарную очистку газов и комплексную переработку золошлаковых отходов с получением товарных продуктов Горный журнал Казахстана, Выпуск 5 (2017) 2023, Pages 24-30

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    The goal of this work is to prove a possibility of determining soil parameters that influence its conductivity being the basis of grounding, step voltage and touch voltage calculation. This in its turn increases the safety level of electric equipment operation. The article is devoted to development of new, no conventional models of soil conductivity using the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. The description of the solution includes the following sections: fuzzy models of specific electrical resistance of different soil types depending on their salinity and moisture content at positive temperatures; dependences between ρ and negative temperature values for different types of soil and different moisture contents; fuzzy climatic soil models for a specific location in order to determine soil ρ deep into the earth throughout the year. Uncertainty of soil properties is a reason why calculations of grounding devices are very liberal with plenty to spare, and calculations of touch voltages and step voltages in the period of active snow melting or abundant rains give erroneous results. Since soil parameters are described by linguistic variables: humidity, salinity, and temperature etc., soil layers should be considered as overlapping fuzzy sets. Membership functions of the main components of the “soil conductivity” concept were formed on this basis. The new scientific result we obtained makes it possible to formalize natural language of the experts in the field of climatic factors influence on soil resistivity in order to represent this information with the help of computer algorithms for optimum design of energy supply security and step voltage and touch voltage calculation.

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  • Солнечная энергетика на текущий момент – самый быстроразвивающийся сектор энергетики. Солнечные электростанции успешно конкурируют с традиционными источниками энергии по стоимости за единицу генерируемой энергии. Данная статья посвящена одному из методов очистки кремния без газовой фазы, для очистки использовался метод шлакового рафинирования. Очистка металлургического кремния проводилась шлаковым методом. Был исследован металлургический кремний, полученный классическим карботермическим методом. Затем была опробована металлургическая очистка шлаковым рафинированием, с использованием шлаков различного состава. Всего было рассчитано 9 различных новых составов для проведения 9 процессов шлакового рафинирования. Кремний, полученный в результате всех проведенных плавок, был проанализирован на содержание примесей. Solar energy is the fastest growing branch of energy. Installed capacities are in fact ahead of all development forecasts, in addition, solar power plants successfully compete with traditional energy sources in terms of cost per unit of generated energy. This article is devoted to one of the methods of silicon purification without a gas phase, the slag refining method was used for purification. This paper presents the results of testing the first phase of metallurgical silicon purification. Purification was carried out by a slag refining method. Metallurgical silicon produced by the classical carbothermic method was investigated. Then a metallurgical purification by slag refining was tried, using slags of different composition. A total of 9 different new compositions were calculated for 9 slag refining processes. Silicon obtained as a result of all melts was analyzed for impurities.

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  • We assessed climate change on the territory of Kazakhstan. Changes in the regime of air temperature and precipitation were analyzed for the whole territory of Kazakhstan and its administrative areas over the last 75 years from 1940 to 2015. As indicators of the regional climate average annual air temperature and annual precipitation were considered. To characterize the climatic variability of temperature conditions and moisture regime were analyzed for their seasonal variations for the considered territory. During the study period there has been a general increase in the surface air temperature as a whole in Kazakhstan for the year and in all seasons. There is a weak tendency of annual precipitation decrease on the average for the territory under consideration. The number of hot days when the daily maximum air temperature exceeds 30 °C and the number of days with temperatures below minus 30 °C was also calculated. It is shown that the total duration of warm periods increases by 1-4 days/10 years. Almost everywhere on the territory of Kazakhstan a trend of decreasing frequency of frosty days is being observed. Проведена оценка изменения климата на территории Казахстана. Исследованы изменения в режиме температуры воздуха и атмосферных осадков для всей территории Казахстана и для административных областей за последние 75 лет с 1940 по 2015 год. В качестве основных показателей регионального климата использовались среднегодовая температура воздуха и годовые суммы осадков. Для характеристики климатической изменчивости температурных условий и режима увлажнения анализировались их сезонные изменения по рассматриваемой территории. За исследуемый период в Казахстане наблюдалось повсеместное повышение приземной температуры воздуха, как в целом за год, так и во все сезоны. В среднем по рассматриваемой территории отмечается слабая тенденция к уменьшению годовые суммы осадков. Рассчитано годовое число жарких дней, когда суточный максимум температуры воздуха превышает 30 °С и число дней с температурой воздуха ниже минус 30 °С. Показано, что общая продолжительность тёплых периодов становится больше – на 1–4 дня/10 лет. Практически повсеместно на территории Казахстана наблюдается тенденция уменьшения повторяемости морозных дней.

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  • The article analyzes the formation of zooplankton fauna of river Omutki in summer based on research in 2016. The presence of 12 species of zooplankton with a predominance (83 %) of Daphnidae was established, dominant species are Polyphemus pediculus, Simocephalus vetulus, Ceriodaphnia reticulata. The highest abundance and biomass are observed in the summer months, with peaks at the end of June and the beginning of August. В статье анализируется формирование фауны зоопланктона р. Омутки летом по итогам исследований 2016 г. Установлено наличие 12 видов зоопланктона с преобладанием (83 %) ветвистоусых ракообразных, доминирующие виды — Polyphemus pediculus, Simocephalus vetulus, Ceriodaphnia reticulata. Наибольшая численность и биомасса наблюдаются в летние месяцы с пиками — в конце июня и начале августа. ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ, Выпуск 1 (37) 2020

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  • Горнодобывающая промышленность является основой для развивающейся отечественной экономики. Однако для успешного функционирования всего хозяйства необходима развитая обрабатывающая промышленность. Все эти компоненты должны функционировать совместно и составлять единый экономический организм. Казахстан – территориально крупная страна, которая отличается многообразием полезных ископаемых, где каждый регион специализируется на определенных отраслях промышленности. В статье выполнен обзор горнодобывающей промышленности Павлодарской области. Исследованы и изучены положительные и отрицательные стороны функционирования крупных горнодобывающих предприятий и их влияния на окружающую среду. Для наглядности приведены таблицы и рисунки, что позволит более объективно оценить сложившуюся картину. The mining industry is the backbone of a growing domestic economy. However, for the successful functioning of the entire economy, a developed manufacturing industry is needed. All these components must function together and form a single economic organism. Kazakhstan is a geographically large country with a variety of minerals, where each region specializes in certain industries. The article provides an overview of the mining industry of the Pavlodar region. The positive and negative aspects of the functioning of large mining enterprises and their impact on the environment have been investigated and studied. For clarity, tables and figures are given, which will allow a more objective assessment of the current picture. Key words: mining industry, minerals of Kazakhstan, Pavlodar region, fuel and energy complex, mining and metallurgical complex, geology and mineralogy, coal, copper ore, industrial ecology, environmental protection.

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    A micro powerplant with an engine with an external heat supply generates electrical energy for the company's own needs using heat loss from coke production. The basis of a micro thermal power plant is an external heat supply engine based on the Stirling principle. In this paper, authors take into account the positive results, experience, and achievements of foreigners, to create own design. The article presents some results of research on the efficiency of the engine with external heat supply. The article also shows the main technical characteristics of the model. In order to achieve high engine efficiency, it is necessary to get effective heating and cooling of a body. The article provides solutions to these problems. In addition, the article presents a simulation of the process of increasing pressure with the application of a computer program, which clearly shows all the performance characteristics of the engine. Микро электростанция с двигателем с внешним подводом теплоты будет вырабатывать электрическую энергию для собственных нужд предприятия используя тепловые потери коксового производства. Основой микро тепловой электростанции является двигатель с внешним подводом теплоты работающий по принципу Стирлинга. В своей работе мы учитываем положительные результаты, опыт и достижения зарубежных, для создания собственной конструкции. В статье приведены некоторые результаты исследований по эффективности работы двигателя с внешним подводом теплоты. Также в статье показаны основные технические характеристики модели. Для достижения высокого КПД двигателя необходимо добиться эффективного нагрева и охлаждения тела. В статье предоставлены пути решения данных проблем. Кроме того, в статье есть моделирование процесса увеличения давления при помощи компьютерной программы, что наглядно показывает все рабочие характеристики двигателя. №1(79) (2019)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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    В данной статье рассматривается возможности энергосбережения в перекачки воды, на базе электропривода. В этой статье мы рассматриваем возможности энергосбережения в насосных агрегатах для перекачки воды, на основе регулируемого электропривода. Представлены стандартные характеристики центробежного насосного агрегата, и пути экономии электрической энергии в насосных агрегатах, иллюстрированы энергетической диаграммой системы «преобразователь частоты – электрический двигатель – центробежный насос». In this article, the authors consider the possibilities of energy saving in water pumping, based on an electric drive. We consider the possibilities of energy saving in pumping units for pumping water, based on a regulated electric drive. The standard characteristics of a centrifugal pumping unit are presented, and ways to save electrical energy in pumping units are illustrated by the energy diagram of the system "frequency converter – electric motor – centrifugal pump." №06(72) (2018)

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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
      Article . 2018
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  • In this article, the main goal is an attempt to present conclusions on the analysis of changes in China's environmental policy in the framework of sustainable development goals. Within the framework of the SDGs, China is moving in three main directions: economic, social and environmental. All three components are somehow interconnected with each other; however, the article provides conclusions only on the environmental component. Thus, data for the last ten years are taken as a basis, including reasonable indicators in the UN 2030 agenda. It is important to note that despite the fact that China paid great attention to the economy during a significant period of its existence, however, positive shifts towards improving the environment have recently been noticed. It was concluded that this change has made a positive contribution to China's sustainable development by creating a more balanced framework for future development using both mandatory and market-based instruments. Nevertheless, in order to achieve the SDGs in the field of ecology, it is necessary, on the one hand, to accelerate the process of creating an “ecological civilization”, and on the other hand, pay attention to policy coordination, considering existing problems in the environmental, social and economic spheres. в данной статье главной целью служит попытка предоставить выводы по анализу изменений экологической политики Китая в рамках целей устойчивого развития. В рамках ЦУР Китай двигается в трех основных направлениях: экономической, социальной и экологической. Все три компонента так или иначе взаимосвязаны с друг-другом, однако в статье приводятся выводы только по экологическому компоненту. Таким образом за основу взяты данные за последние десять лет, в том числе обоснованные показатели в повестке ООН до 2030 года. Важно отметить, что несмотря на то, что Китай в существенное время своего существования уделял большое внимание экономике, в последнее время были замечены позитивные сдвиги в сторону улучшения экологии. Был сделан вывод о том, что данное изменение внесло позитивный вклад в устойчивое развитие Китая, сформировав более сбалансированную структуру для будущего развития с использованием как обязательных, так и рыночных инструментов. Тем не менее для выполнения ЦУР в области экологии нужно, с одной стороны, ускорить процесс создания «экологической цивилизации», а с другой, обратить внимание на координацию политики с учетом существующих проблем в экологической, социальной и экономической сферах. Осы мақалада негізгі мақсат - тұрақты даму мақсаттары шеңберінде Қытайдың экологиялық саясатындағы өзгерістерді талдау бойынша қорытындыларды ұсыну әрекеті болып табылады.. ТДМ шеңберінде Қытай үш негізгі бағытта қозғалады: экономикалық, әлеуметтік және экологиялық. Барлық үш құрамдас бір-бірімен қандай да бір түрде байланысты, дегенмен мақалада тек экологиялық компонент бойынша қорытындылар берілген. Осылайша, БҰҰ-ның 2030 күн тәртібіндегі негізді көрсеткіштерді қоса алғанда, соңғы он жылдағы деректер негізге алынды. Қытай өзінің өмір сүрген елеулі кезеңінде экономикаға үлкен көңіл бөлгеніне қарамастан, соңғы уақытта қоршаған ортаны жақсарту бағытында оң өзгерістер байқалғанын атап өткен жөн. Бұл өзгеріс міндетті және нарықтық құралдарды пайдалана отырып, болашақ даму үшін анағұрлым теңдестірілген негіз құру арқылы Қытайдың тұрақты дамуына оң ықпал етті деген қорытындыға келді. Осыған қарамастан, экология саласындағы ТМД-ға қол жеткізу үшін, бір жағынан, «экологиялық өркениетті» құру үдерісін жеделдету қажет, ал екінші жағынан, саясатты үйлестіруге назар аудару қажет. экологиялық, әлеуметтік және экономикалық салалардағы бар проблемалар. Международные отношения и Регионоведение, Выпуск 4 (50) 2022

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    Authors: M E Rakhmetov; B Z Kenzhegulov; A N Muratkaliev; T B Gapuova;

    На основе энергетических принципов ориентированный на минимизации полной тепловой энергии упругих деформации в сочетании применении квадратичного конечного элемента с тремя узлами разработан вичислительный алгоритм и численно исследована термо-напряженно-деформированное состояние защемленного двумя концами стержня, постоянного поперечного сечения в зависимости наличия частичной теплоизоляции, теплового потока и теплообменов. The computational algorithm is developed and the thermo-stress-strain state of a rod fixed at two ends with a constant cross section depending on the presence of partial thermal insulation, heat flux and heat exchanges is numerically investigated, based on energy principles, focused on minimization of total thermal energy of elastic deformations combined with the use of a quadratic finite element with three nodes. №2(92) (2020)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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  • In this paper, based on the analysis of the current state of the coal industry, the prospects for sustainable development of the coal industry are shown. A brief comparative analysis of the existing coal burning technology used in the energy complex with alternative sources of electricity generation is carried out. The ways of solutions that allow to increase the efficiency of the coal industry through the introduction of new technologies aimed at the disposal of waste from coal combustion – deep cleaning of waste gases of the CHP from SO2 and NOx and the processing of ash and slag waste are indicated. The main technological indicators of innovative technologies developed by the authors of the article are given, which allow for deep sanitary purification of gases and complex processing of ash and slag waste to obtain commercial product Бұл жұмыста көмір саласының қазіргі жағдайын талдау негізінде көмір саласының тұрақты даму перспективалары көрсетілген. Электр энергиясын өндірудің баламалы көздерімен энергетикалық кешенде қолданылатын көмірді жағудың қолданыстағы технологиясына қысқаша салыстырмалы талдау жүргізілді. Көмір жағудан алынатын қалдықтарды кәдеге жаратуға – ЖЭО-нан шығатын газдарды SO2 және NOx-тан терең тазартуға және күлшлак қалдықтарын қайта өңдеуге бағытталған жаңа технологияларды енгізу есебінен көмір саласының тиімділігін арттыруға мүмкіндік беретін шешу жолдары көрсетілген. Мақаланың авторларымен әзірленген газдарды терең санитарлық тазартуды және тауарлық өнімдерді ала отырып, күлшлак қалдықтарын кешенді өңдеуді қамтамасыз етуге мүмкіндік беретін инновациялық технологиялардың негізгі технологиялық көрсеткіштері көрсетілген В настоящей работе на основании анализа современного состояния угольной отрасли показаны перспективы устойчивого развития угольной отрасли. Проведен краткий сравнительный анализ существующей технологии сжигания угля, применяемой в энергетическом комплексе, с альтернативными источниками выработки электроэнергии. Указаны пути решения, позволяющие повысить эффективность угольной отрасли за счет внедрения новых технологий, направленных на утилизацию отходов от сжигания угля – глубокую очистку отходящих газов ТЭЦ от SO2 и NOx и переработку золошлаковых отходов. Приведены основные технологические показатели разработанных авторами статьи инновационных технологий, позволяющих обеспечить глубокую санитарную очистку газов и комплексную переработку золошлаковых отходов с получением товарных продуктов Горный журнал Казахстана, Выпуск 5 (2017) 2023, Pages 24-30

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    The goal of this work is to prove a possibility of determining soil parameters that influence its conductivity being the basis of grounding, step voltage and touch voltage calculation. This in its turn increases the safety level of electric equipment operation. The article is devoted to development of new, no conventional models of soil conductivity using the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. The description of the solution includes the following sections: fuzzy models of specific electrical resistance of different soil types depending on their salinity and moisture content at positive temperatures; dependences between ρ and negative temperature values for different types of soil and different moisture contents; fuzzy climatic soil models for a specific location in order to determine soil ρ deep into the earth throughout the year. Uncertainty of soil properties is a reason why calculations of grounding devices are very liberal with plenty to spare, and calculations of touch voltages and step voltages in the period of active snow melting or abundant rains give erroneous results. Since soil parameters are described by linguistic variables: humidity, salinity, and temperature etc., soil layers should be considered as overlapping fuzzy sets. Membership functions of the main components of the “soil conductivity” concept were formed on this basis. The new scientific result we obtained makes it possible to formalize natural language of the experts in the field of climatic factors influence on soil resistivity in order to represent this information with the help of computer algorithms for optimum design of energy supply security and step voltage and touch voltage calculation.

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  • Солнечная энергетика на текущий момент – самый быстроразвивающийся сектор энергетики. Солнечные электростанции успешно конкурируют с традиционными источниками энергии по стоимости за единицу генерируемой энергии. Данная статья посвящена одному из методов очистки кремния без газовой фазы, для очистки использовался метод шлакового рафинирования. Очистка металлургического кремния проводилась шлаковым методом. Был исследован металлургический кремний, полученный классическим карботермическим методом. Затем была опробована металлургическая очистка шлаковым рафинированием, с использованием шлаков различного состава. Всего было рассчитано 9 различных новых составов для проведения 9 процессов шлакового рафинирования. Кремний, полученный в результате всех проведенных плавок, был проанализирован на содержание примесей. Solar energy is the fastest growing branch of energy. Installed capacities are in fact ahead of all development forecasts, in addition, solar power plants successfully compete with traditional energy sources in terms of cost per unit of generated energy. This article is devoted to one of the methods of silicon purification without a gas phase, the slag refining method was used for purification. This paper presents the results of testing the first phase of metallurgical silicon purification. Purification was carried out by a slag refining method. Metallurgical silicon produced by the classical carbothermic method was investigated. Then a metallurgical purification by slag refining was tried, using slags of different composition. A total of 9 different new compositions were calculated for 9 slag refining processes. Silicon obtained as a result of all melts was analyzed for impurities.

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