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AbstractThe stability of synchronised networked systems is a multi-faceted challenge for many natural and technological fields, from cardiac and neuronal tissue pacemakers to power grids. For these, the ongoing transition to distributed renewable energy sources leads to a proliferation of dynamical actors. The desynchronisation of a few or even one of those would likely result in a substantial blackout. Thus the dynamical stability of the synchronous state has become a leading topic in power grid research. Here we uncover that, when taking into account physical losses in the network, the back-reaction of the network induces new exotic solitary states in the individual actors and the stability characteristics of the synchronous state are dramatically altered. These effects will have to be explicitly taken into account in the design of future power grids. We expect the results presented here to transfer to other systems of coupled heterogeneous Newtonian oscillators.

A search is presented for new physics in events with two low-momentum, oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons) and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9. The observed event yields are consistent with the expectations from the standard model. The results are interpreted in terms of pair production of charginos and neutralinos (X1 and X2) with nearly degenerate masses, as expected in natural supersymmetry models with light higgsinos, as well as in terms of the pair production of top squarks (t), when the lightest neutralino and the top squark have similar masses. At 95% confidence level, wino-like X1/X2 masses are excluded up to 230 GeV for a mass difference of 20 GeV relative to the lightest neutralino. In the higgsino-like model, masses are excluded up to 168 GeV for the same mass difference. For pair production, top squark masses up to 450 GeV are excluded for a mass difference of 40 GeV relative to the lightest neutralino. Physics Letters B, 782 ISSN:0370-2693 ISSN:0031-9163 ISSN:1873-2445

This article highlights the impact of innovation on achieving environmental sustainability of regional economic systems in the context of effective man-agement of significantly limited natural resources in modern Ukraine, which was the subject of the study, its key objective and main task. Methodology. The proposed work uses systemic and synergetic approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical and comparative analysis, etc. Value/originality. Consideration of the issues of regional innova-tion and environmental sustainability of regional economic systems in their combination is a novelty in modern studies of ecological-economic processes. It is exhaustively taken into account that innovation is a complex process of transformation of newly obtained ideas and goals into an actual object of eco-nomic relations. At the same time, it was found that in the conditions of trans-formation of the modern Ukrainian economy began to manifest such features as frequent and unpredictable changes in demand due to the emergence of completely new needs, which can be satisfied only by qualitatively new, pre-dominantly knowledge-intensive products. Therefore, there is an urgent need to restructure regional economies on a fundamentally new basis, which provides a real opportunity to reproduce the existing innovation potential, improve the innovation and technological level of all spheres of economic activity in the re-gion and achieve a much higher degree of competitiveness. At the same time, given the significant role of innovation processes in improving and ensuring the proper environmental sustainability of regional eco-nomic systems, the def-inition of appropriate tasks, taking into account their characteristics, is a pre-requisite for the effective management of natural resources of the country as a whole and its regions. Therefore, in European practice, the European Innova-tion Scoreboard (EIS), calculated by Eurostat, is used to determine the achieved level of regional innovation development. At the same time, the methodology used in its basis to assess the effectiveness of national research innovative projects is not without criticism. And one of the main criticisms was the absence of a conceptual or theoretical model of innovation. Simultane-ously, this paper proposes a fundamentally new approach to determining the effectiveness of innovation in the hierarchical-regional dimension, which is based on the use of appropriate tools of multidimensional statistical analysis and statistics of the European Union (in particular, Eurostat) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. In addition, synchronously with their standardi-zation, based on the obtained values of innovation levels in the regions, matri-ces were formed separately for incoming and outgoing regional innovation in-dices. Result. The achieved levels of innovativeness of Ukrainian regions in the context of ensuring appropriate environmental sustainability of their economic systems in the management of significantly limited natural resources were de-termined. Practical implications. Another real opportunity has arisen to signif-icantly improve the management of the available natural resources of each re-gion and the state as a whole in terms of ensuring the proper environmental sustainability of regional economic systems.

Abstract A new technique is proposed for the calculation of the width W of space charge region and consequently the concentration of uncompensated acceptors NA–ND, which is based on the open-circuit analysis of thin film heterojunction solar cells illuminated by monochromatic light with the wavelength within photosensitivity region. The proposed method was simulated under different values of the theoretically considered parameters (ideality coefficient n, saturation current I0 and shunt resistance Rsh) of a CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cell. The calculated values of W and NA–ND were established to be dependent on the mentioned above electrical parameters.

The background of this article is the potential energy savings of solar heat supply systems due to the use of the renewable energy of solar radiation. The motivation is to create a solar collector design that would combine the functions of both a building cover and a solar collector. It is necessary to investigate and compare different types of solar collector coatings (traditional and modern) and pipe diameters. The purpose of the article is to solve aspects of energy efficiency for new eco-friendly solar collectors. The most effective result occurred with the solar collector covered with the rubber–graphite composition of Grafplast PDA, and when using Prandelli/Tuborama pipes with a diameter of 0.016 m. Their efficiency increased by 8% compared to the second version of the collector made using a more traditional solution. The influence of the distance between the pipes and the flow rate of the heat carrier on the efficiency of the solar collectors was evaluated.

The article is devoted to a study of the issues related to the processes of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions using different types of biofuels. The dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions in the global energy sector were analyzed and it was determined that a stable level of the CO2 emissions in the last three years is due to introduction of the technologies with the use of renewable energy sources by developed countries. It was proven that the assessment of total greenhouse gas emissions requires an analysis of emissions throughout the life cycle of a biofuel. The impact of a biofuel on the climate change depends on the raw material from which it is produced, and which has a decisive influence on its chemical composition and performance. It was established that a significant role in ensuring energy security and preventing climate change is attributed to the development of biotechnologies, unrelated to the risks of agricultural production. The use of a biofuel from lignocellulose raw material may be more efficient in terms of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. A biofuel, obtained from the processing of microalgae, also has important prospects. The ability of microalgae to bind atmospheric carbon dioxide may have a positive effect on solving the problem of greenhouse effect.