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  • Energy Research
  • 2021-2025
  • 15. Life on land
  • Portuguese

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gonçalves, Gabriela Ribeiro da Silva;

    Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Geografia no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Letras O presente relatório de estágio visa apresentar uma análise e reflexão das atividades letivas e extralectivas ao longo do Estágio Pedagógico Supervisionado, desenvolvido na Escola Secundária Dr.ª Maria Cândida, em Mira, durante o ano letivo 2020/2021. Além disso, pretendo efetuar uma reflexão da aplicação da estratégia didático-pedagógica, neste caso concreto a Aplicação dos Media na Educação Geográfica e Ambiental, caso específico do Jornal aplicado ao tema das Alterações Climáticas. O relatório está dividido em três partes. A primeira parte, onde é feita a descrição geral da escola, acompanhado do enquadramento geográfico, turma, núcleo de estágio e das atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio. A segunda parte, está direcionada para a reflexão teórica e científica associada ao tema da aplicação didática.O tema da componente científica é as Alterações Climáticas e os seus impactos na saúde humana, assim como o surgimento ou ressurgimento de doenças parasitárias na Europa. Na terceira parte é apresentada a estratégia didática, o jornal realizado pelos alunos, acompanhado dos resultados obtidos ao inquérito realizado aos professores do agrupamento e aos alunos sobre o mesmo. Neste capítulo também se encontra uma reflexão sobre o ensino à distância e os impactos na aprendizagem tanto nos professores como alunos. Os objetivos propostos para esta estratégia foram positivos, uma vez que obtive o feedback desejado por parte dos alunos, assim como toda a dedicação na construção do jornal. This internship report aims to present an analysis and reflection of teaching and extralegal activities throughout the Supervised Pedagogical Internship, developed in Escola Secundária Dr. ª Maria Cândida, in Mira, during the school year 2020/2021. In addition, I intend to reflect on the application of didactic-pedagogical strategy, in this specific case the Application of Media in Geographic and Environmental Education, the specific case of the newspaper applied to the theme of Climate Change.The report is divided in three parts. The first part, where the general description of the school is made, accompanied by the geographic framing, class, internship nucleus and the activities carried out throughout the internship. The second part is directed towards the theoretical and scientific reflection associated with the theme of didactic application. The theme of the scientific component is Climate Change and its impacts on human health, as well as the emergence or resurgence of parasitic diseases in Europe.In the third part, the didactic strategy is presented, the newspaper made by the students, accompanied by the results obtained from the survey carried out to the teachers of the grouping and to the students about it. In this chapter there is also a reflection on distance learning and the impacts on learning for both teachers and students. The objectives proposed for this strategy were positive, since I obtained the desired feedback from the students, as well as all the dedication in the construction of the newspaper.

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2021
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2021
      Data sources: Estudo Geral
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    Authors: Martins, Sandra; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; +5 Authors

    With the advances of climate change, it is expected harmful consequences to olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Therefore, it is necessary to develop cost-effective practices to reduce the vulnerability of olive crops to the adverse impacts of environmental stresses. Rainfed olive trees were sprayed with zeolites, natural crystalline aluminosilicates, and its effects on photosynthetic activity, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, leaf minerais concentrations, plant growth, yield, and olive oil quality were assessed. Zeolites application enhanced photosynthetic activity, as well the concentrations of N, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn in leaves, and changed the secondary metabolism, with decrease oftotal phenols, ortho-diphenols and total antioxidant activity, signs of lower oxidative stress. As consequence, zeolites boosted plant growth, crop yield, and size and weight of fruits. The foliar spray did not significantly affect the oil quality indices free acidity, peroxide value and Km and K270 coefficients. This study strongly suggests that folial' zeolites might be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse environmental conditions. This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financiai support to ClTAB (UIDB/04033/2020), and the Operational Group "Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas" I funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development). Sandra Martins acknowledges the financiai support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PD/BD/135327/2017), under the Doctoral programme "Agricultural Production Chains-from fork to farm". info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital d...arrow_drop_down
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    Biblioteca Digital do IPB
    Conference object . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital d...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Biblioteca Digital do IPB
      Conference object . 2021
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    Authors: Menten, Guilherme Scatolini;

    Entre os impactos esperados das alterações climáticas estão a intensificação do aumento do nível médio do mar e a alteração dos padrões pluviométricos regionais. Os estuários estão entre as zonas mais vulneráveis a esses efeitos, sendo assim necessário entender os impactos nos mesmos para melhor planear ações de mitigação e aumento da resiliência. Neste trabalho foi aplicada modelação numérica, através do software Delft3D, para simular os efeitos na intrusão salina do estuário do Rio Minho sob os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5, adotados pelo IPCC. Os caudais fluviais são regulados por diversas barragens, sendo influenciados apenas de forma indireta pelas alterações nos padrões pluviométricos. Assim, foi estudada a variação dos caudais de modo a apoiar futuras ações de planeamento e eventuais revisões das regras de operação dessas barragens para limitar a intrusão salina. Verificou-se o aumento da intrusão salina a montante do estuário com o aumento do nível do mar e a diminuição dos caudais fluviais chegando, no pior caso, à extensão de 28,9 km a partir da foz do estuário, o que poderá implicar com os usos da água nesta região. A extensão da intrusão salina apresenta maior dependência em relação às variações de caudal em situações de seca. Assim, nos casos mais críticos, ou seja, com maior intrusão salina, o caudal fluvial demonstrou ser o fator de maior importância, sendo a sua regularização uma ferramenta de controlo da extensão da intrusão salina no estuário. Among the expected impacts of climate change are the increased mean sea level rise and the changes in regional rainfall patterns. Estuaries are among the most vulnerable areas to these effects, so it is necessary to understand their impacts to better plan mitigation actions and increase resilience. Numerical modeling was applied in this work, using the Delft3D software, to simulate the effects of saline intrusion in the Minho River estuary under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios adopted by the IPCC. In this case, the river`s flow is regulated by several dams, and the flow that reaches the estuary is only indirectly influenced by changes in rainfall patterns. Thus, the variation of river flows was studied in order to support future planning actions and revision of the dam discharges rules that should be followed to control salt intrusion. An increase in salt intrusion was observed at the upstream estuary with an increase in the sea level and the decrease in river flows reaching, in the worst case, the extension of 28.9 km from the estuarine mouth, which can bring several impacts to the different water uses in the region. The extent of salt intrusion showed a greater dependence on river flows variations under drought conditions. Thus, in the most critical cases, that is, with greater salt intrusion, the river flow proved to be the most important factor, and its control is an efficient tool to limit the extent of salt intrusion in the estuary. Agradeço também ao projeto EsCo-Ensembles (PTDC/ECI-EGC/30877/2017), cofinanciado por NORTE2020, Portugal 2020 e a União Europeia através do ERDF, e FCT através de fundos nacionais, cujos financiamentos apoiaram a criação do modelo utilizado, assim como de parte dos dados. Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2022
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
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    Climate change already affects everyone. Anthropogenic actions produce planetary impacts and accelerate global warming. Municipalities around the world have been suffering from heat waves, prolonged droughts, torrential rains, tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, among others, which are increasingly recurrent. The objective of this essay is to show that cities have a strategic role, both in facing these atmospheric changes that we are experiencing, as well as in the decision-making power for coping actions. For this, we use the concept of geographic scale as a methodology, as a conceptual tool to articulate the different conflicting and complex levels of the current climate crisis. Identifying urban singularities, through a closer approximation of people's spatial reality, using this concept, is necessary to mitigate the social consequences of the process. The results elucidated that cities have unique characteristics to generate adaptations to these current climate changes, through a closer and more effective look at the local scale.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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      ZENODO
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Guincho, Mónica Andreia Barbosa Lucas;

    O aquecimento global é considerado um fenómeno que provoca alterações no clima do planeta, as quais acabam por se traduzir na ocorrência de fenómenos climáticos extremos que têm uma série de impactos negativos no meio ambiente em que as populações se inserem. A África Subsaariana compreende regiões do continente africano que são mais vulneráveis perante as alterações climáticas. Com a evolução de situações de seca extrema, cheias ou temperaturas elevadas, dá-se o agravamento de problemas como, a pobreza extrema, a insegurança alimentar, a escassez de recursos e o aparecimento de doenças. Face às dificuldades crescentes em combater e de se adaptarem aos impactos provocados pelas alterações climáticas, as populações destas regiões vêem-se forçadas a sair dos seus países de origem, em busca de melhores condições de vida. Esta procura pela sobrevivência acaba por levar a grandes fluxos migratórios em direção à Europa. Tendo em consideração o impacto das alterações climáticas, no aumento dos fluxos migratórios provenientes da África Subsaariana, compreende-se a necessidade de perceber o modo como estes migrantes ou refugiados, no caso daqueles que se vêem obrigados a emigrar por motivos ambientais, são identificados e encarados pela União Europeia. Apesar de existir um certo reconhecimento dos refugiados ambientais no seio da União Europeia como indivíduos que necessitam de ajuda, estes não se integram no estatuto que reconhece os refugiados como indivíduos que possuem o direito de obter proteção internacional, em termos de asilo. Perante isto, entende-se que apesar de não existir qualquer tipo de instrumento jurídico a favor dos refugiados ambientais, têm sido criadas e adotadas, políticas e medidas que têm como base os direitos humanos, no sentido de fornecer ajuda humanitária a estes indivíduos. Estas são desenvolvidas com o objetivo de combater as causas profundas das alterações climáticas, de modo a permitir à União Europeia contornar as causas das migrações. Global warming is considered a phenomenon that causes changes on the Earth’s climate, involving the occurrence of extreme climatic phenomena. This causes very negative impacts on the environments in which certain populations are inserted. Sub-Saharan Africa considered the regions that are most vulnerable to climate change. This is because with the evolution of situations of extreme drought, floods or high temperatures, there is an aggravation of problems such as extreme poverty, food insecurity, scarcity of resources and the appearance of diseases. In view of the growing difficulties in combating and adapting to the impacts caused by climate change, the populations of those regions are forced to leave their countries of origin, seeking better living conditions. This search for survival ends up leading to major migratory influxes towards Europe. Taking into account the impact of climate change on the increase in migratory flows from Sub-Saharan Africa, it’s important to understand the way in which these migrants or refugees, in the case of those who feel forced to migrate for environmental reasons, are identified and seen by the European Union. Although there is a certain recognition, within the European Union, of environmental refugees, as people in need of help, they are not part of refugee recognition status, as individuals who have the right to obtain international protection in terms of asylum. In view of this, it is understood that although there is no legal instrument in favour of environmental refugees, policies and measures, which are based on human rights, are being created and adopted in order to provide humanitarian assistance to these individuals. These measures and policies are developed with the objective of combating the root causes of climate change, in order to allow the European Union to circumvent the causes of migration. Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2021
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    Authors: Oliveira, Tânia Conceição Ramos;

    A presente dissertação aborda o potencial das espécies vegetais Brassica juncea, Festuca glauca, Panicum virgatum e Sedum sediforme na fitorremediação de solos contaminados com chumbo (Pb), cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn) e/ou crómio (Cr), em diferentes níveis de concentração. Neste sentido, o trabalho centrou-se na avaliação da capacidade de fitorremediação destas culturas, assim como no estudo dos efeitos dos metais pesados no desenvolvimento e na qualidade da sua biomassa. Os ensaios de crescimento foram realizados em vasos, ao ar livre, estando, por isso, as espécies submetidas às condições atmosféricas locais, com controlo do caudal de irrigação. No final, foram realizadas análises para a determinação do teor de metais nos solos e a caraterização da biomassa. Esta caraterização incluiu a análise elementar, a determinação do teor de cinzas e do poder calorífico e a análise DTA/TGA. Observou-se que as plantas apresentaram uma grande tolerância à presença de metais no solo, sem sofrerem efeitos toxicológicos significativos, tendo-se obtido produtividades da biomassa bastante elevadas para as espécies B. juncea e P. virgatum. Além disso, as plantas demonstraram um bom potencial para a descontaminação dos solos, tendo-se obtido percentagens de remoção elevadas. Em particular, nos ensaios com 500 mg kg-1 e 1 250 mg kg-1 de zinco, todas as plantas em estudo proporcionaram teores deste metal nos solos em conformidade com os valores de referência impostos para a sua desclassificação para uso urbano. Em termos energéticos, os resultados demonstraram que, globalmente, as culturas são adequadas para a produção de energia por processos de combustão em caldeiras industriais, apresentando comportamentos semelhantes entre si. P. virgatum foi a planta que exibiu o maior potencial energético, com um valor médio de 175 GJ ha-1 . Em suma, os resultados evidenciaram as limitações à implementação da tecnologia de fitorremediação em larga escala, essencialmente devido aos longos períodos necessários para a remoção da contaminação. Por outro lado, o crescimento destas culturas em solos contaminados com metais apresenta vantagens do ponto de vista ambiental, relacionados com o sequestro de dióxido de carbono e a melhoria das funções dos solos. Adicionalmente, a possibilidade da valorização da biomassa contaminada para produção de energia constitui inclusivamente uma fonte de retorno económico. This dissertation addresses the potential of the plant species Brassica juncea, Festuca glauca, Panicum virgatum and Sedum sediforme in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) or chromium (Cr), at different concentration levels. In this sense, the work focused on the evaluation of the phytoremediation capacity of these crops, as well as on the study of the effects of the heavy metals on the development and quality of its biomass. The growth tests were carried out in pots, outdoors, therefore, the species were subjected to the local atmospheric conditions, controlling the irrigation flow. In the end, analysis for the determination of the metal content in soils and biomass characterization were performed. This characterization included the elemental analysis, the determination of the ash content and calorific value and the DTA/TGA analysis. It was observed that the plants showed a great tolerance to the presence of metals in the soil, without suffering significant toxicological effects, having obtained very high biomass productivity for the species B. juncea and P. virgatum. Above that, the plants demonstrated a good potential for the decontamination of soils, obtaining high removal percentages. Particularly, in the tests with 500 mg kg-1 and 1 250 mg kg 1 of zinc, all plants in study provided contents of this metal in soils in conformity with the reference values imposed for its declassification for urban use. In energetic terms, the results demonstrated that, globally, these crops are adequate for energy production by combustion processes in industrial boilers, showing similar behaviors between each other. P. virgatum exhibited the greatest energy potential, with an average value of 175 GJ ha-1 . In conclusion, these results highlighted the limitations for the implementation of the phytoremediation technology on a large scale, essentially due to the long passage periods required for the removal of the contamination. On the other side, the growth of these crops in soils contaminated with heavy metals presents advantages from an environmental point of view, related to the carbon dioxide sequestration and improvement of soil functions. Additionally, the possibility of the valorization of the contaminated biomass to produce energy constitutes inclusively a source of economic return. Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biológica (especialização em Tecnologia do Ambiente)

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    Authors: Gomes, Pedro Rafael Sá Fernandes;

    A crescente frequência e gravidade dos desastres relacionados com mudanças climáticas têm causado danos económicos e perda de vidas. Em 2018 foram documentados no International Disaster Database 315 desastres relacionados com o clima, que tiveram impacto em cerca de 68 milhões de pessoas, provocando a morte de 11.804 e causando cerca de 132 mil milhões de dólares em danos e prejuízos por todo o mundo. O processo de urbanização, em concreto o crescimento das grandes cidades, é um problema atual para a sociedade, que já se sente e se fará sentir com um aumento significativo nas próximas décadas do valor da população mundial a viver em cidades em contraposição ao êxodo rural, que se traduzirá noutra tipologia de problemas como a desertificação dessas áreas. Assim, conjugando estes processos de urbanização com uma maior frequência e aumento da gravidade dos desastres relacionados com clima e ambiente torna-se necessário desenvolver e preparar os sistemas para melhorar a resiliência desses sistemas e do meio urbano em geral. Como tal, há um crescente interesse no desenvolvimento de avaliação rigorosa dos sistemas urbanos que envolvem os componentes físicos (por exemplo, edifícios e redes de transporte) e os componentes biológicos (por exemplo, plantas, animais e população humana). Essas avaliações podem revelar o nível de recuperação e o grau de adaptação e preparação, assim como, a velocidade de reação e ação das cidades a eventos disruptivos associados a um futuro assolado por um clima incerto. Assim, neste trabalho, pretende-se estudar o conceito de resiliência urbana e desenvolver um modelo de avaliação da resiliência assente em cinco dimensões: infraestrutural, ambiental, governança, económica e social, tendo por base modelos já existentes e utilizados na literatura. Para esse efeito apresenta-se uma análise mais abrangente sobre o desempenho dos municípios da Região Norte de Portugal e uma análise mais especifica para os municípios do quadrilátero urbano do Minho, com particular incidência na análise das subdimensões e dos indicadores que compõem cada dimensão da avaliação. The increasing frequency and severity of climate change-related disasters have caused economic damage and loss of life. In 2018, 315 climate-related disasters were documented in the International Disaster Database, which impacted around 68 million people, killing 11,804 and causing around US$132 billion in damages and losses worldwide. The urbanization process, specifically the growth of large cities, is a current problem for society, which is already felt and will be felt with a significant increase in the coming decades of the value of the world population living in cities as opposed to the rural exodus, which will translate into another type of problem such as the desertification of these areas. Thus, combining these urbanization processes with a greater frequency and increased severity of disasters related to climate and environment, it becomes necessary to develop and prepare systems to improve the resilience of these systems and of the urban environment in general. As such, there is growing interest in developing rigorous assessment of urban systems that involve both physical components (eg buildings and transport networks) and biological components (eg plants, animals and human population). These assessments can reveal the level of recovery and the degree of adaptation and preparation, as well as the speed of reaction and action of cities to disruptive events associated with a future plagued by an uncertain climate. Thus, in this work, we intend to study the concept of urban resilience and develop a model for assessing resilience based on five dimensions: infrastructural, environmental, governance, economic and social, based on models that already exist and are used in the literature. For this purpose, a more comprehensive analysis of the performance of the municipalities in the North of Portugal and a more specific analysis for the municipalities of the urban quadrilateral of Minho are presented, with particular focus on the analysis of the sub-dimensions and indicators that make up each dimension of the evaluation. Dissertação de mestrado de Engenharia Urbana

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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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    Authors: Calado, Luís;

    De todas as energias renováveis existentes, a biomassa é o recurso com maior disponibilidade e versatilidade, podendo desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento de um sistema energético sustentável. A gaseificação térmica de biomassa é um processo termoquímico amplamente utilizado para a obtenção de produtos de maior valor e potencial para aplicações energéticas e químicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar o desempenho de dois processos diferentes de gaseificação térmica, em escala piloto, um de leito fluidizado e outro de leito fixo, utilizando como matéria-prima peletes de bagaço de azeitona (resíduos agroindustriais), peletes de Miscanthus (plantação energética) e peletes de pinho (resíduos agroflorestais), a diferentes temperaturas. O desempenho dos processos de gaseificação foi avaliado através do poder calorífico inferior do syngas, relação ER (razão entre o ar que entra na reação e o ar estequiométrico, relativo à combustão total dos produtos) e génese de subprodutos relativamente ao volume de syngas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a viabilidade das tecnologias estudadas no que respeita à elevada produção de energia utilizando resíduos biomássicos como combustível. Os testes realizados apresentaram as seguintes caraterísticas, para um consumo de 100 kg/h (0,17 m³/h), um LHV de syngas de 4,55 a 6,62 MJ/m³ para o leito fluidizado e de 5,12 a 5,84 MJ/m³ para o leito fixo, produção de material particulado (cinzas e carvões) e alcatrões de 0,013 a 0,016 m³ (material particulado) e 0,009 a 0,021 m³ (alcatrões) para o sistema de leito fluidizado e 0,008 a 0,015 m³ (material particulado) e 0,002 e 0,004 m³ (alcatrões) para o leito fixo, sendo que o volume de syngas produzido situa-se entre os 130,50 e 156,67 m³ e para leito fluidizado e para o leito fixo entre 230,91 e 330,68 m³. Com base nas premissas estudadas, foram propostas e comparadas duas instalações (leito fluidizado e leito fixo) para o mesmo consumo de matéria-prima (100 kg/h), localizadas junto a uma indústria de processamento florestal e/ou agroindustrial. A análise técnico-económica mostrou que o projeto de leito fluidizado não é economicamente viável nas atuais condições de mercado, para as biomassas estudadas, apresentando um VAL negativo de -75.790 € (bagaço de azeitona), -265.354 € (Miscanthus) e -279.928 € (pinho), uma TIR de -9,08 % (bagaço de azeitona) e não reproduzível para as restantes biomassas, e um PB de 14 anos para o bagaço de azeitona e não reproduzível para as restantes biomassas. No que respeita ao projeto de leito fixo mostrou-se economicamente viável para as biomassas bagaço de azeitona, Miscanthus e pinho, com um VAL positivo de 126.190 €, 10.119 € e 158.930 €, uma TIR de 47,23 %, 6,81 % e 45,32 %, e um PB de 2, 10 e 2 anos, respetivamente. Concluiu-se que a gaseificação térmica é uma tecnologia perfeitamente adequada para a valorização de matérias-primas de origem lenhocelulósicas, apresentando viabilidade económica, no que respeita à tecnologia de leito fixo Of all the existing renewable energies, biomass is the resource with the greatest availability and versatility, and it can play an important role in the development of a sustainable energy system. Biomass gasification is a thermochemical process widely used to obtain products of greater value and potential for energy and chemical applications. The objective of the present work is to compare the performance of two different thermal gasification processes, on a pilot scale, one of fluidized bed and one of fixed bed, using olive pomace pellets (agroindustrial residues), Miscanthus pellets as raw material (energetic crops) and pine pellets (agroforestry waste), at different temperatures. The performance of the gasification processes was evaluated through the lower calorific value of the syngas, the ER ratio (ratio between the air entering the reaction and the stoichiometric air, relative to the total combustion of the products) and the genesis of by-products in relation to the volume of syngas. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of the technologies studied with regard to high energy production using biomass residues as fuel. The tests performed revealed the following characteristics, for a consumption of 100 kg/h (0.17 m³/h), an LHV of syngas from 4.55 to 6.62 MJ/m³ for the fluidized bed and from 5.12 to 5.84 MJ/m³ for the fixed bed, production of particulate material (ash and chars) and tars, of 0.013 to 0.016 m³ (particulate material) and 0.009 to 0.021 m³ (tars) for the fluidized bed system and 0.008 to 0.015 m³ (particulate material) and 0.002 and 0.004 m³ (tar) for the fixed bed, the volume of syngas produced was between 130.50 and 156.67 m³ and for fluidized bed and for the fixed bed between 230.91 and 330.68 m³. Based on the assumptions studied, two facilities (fluidized bed and fixed bed) for the same consumption of raw material (100 kg/h) were proposed and compared, located next to a forestry and/or agroindustrial processing industry. The technical-economic analysis presented that the fluidized bed project is not economically viable in the current market conditions, for the studied biomasses, presenting a negative VAL of -75,790 € (olive pomace), -265,354 € (Miscanthus) and -279,928 € (pine), an IRR of -9.08% (olive pomace) and non-reproducible for the remaining biomasses, and a 14-year PB for olive pomace and non-reproducible for the remaining biomasses. Regarding the fixed bed project, it proved to be economically viable for olive pomace, Miscanthus and pine biomass, with a positive VAL of 126,190 €, 10,119 € and 158,930 €, an IRR of 47.23%, 6.81% and 45.32%, and a BP of 2, 10 and 2 years, respectively. It was concluded that thermal gasification is a perfectly suitable technology for the valorization of raw materials of lignocellulosic origin, presenting economic viability, with respect to the fixed bed technology

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    Authors: Tenório, Marina Costa Urquiza;

    Dado o alarmante cenário climático que revelou a urgência em reverter os padrões de consumo globais, alcançar a neutralidade carbónica até 2050 torna-se uma meta essencial para limitar o aquecimento global. Neste contexto, a construção em madeira assume um papel inovador e promissor na prossecução deste objetivo por parte do setor da construção. No entanto, existem lacunas de conhecimento substanciais acerca da utilização da madeira em edifícios que são decisivas na limitação do uso estrutural da madeira e que têm fomentado a disparidade dos seus avanços e incentivos comparativamente às tecnologias em betão e em aço. Este trabalho visa não apenas preencher estas lacunas de conhecimento, promovendo a maior aceitação e expansão ao uso da madeira, como oferecer uma solução sustentável alternativa aos materiais convencionais como ferramenta para o cumprimento dos objetivos nacionais de neutralidade carbónica e para o fortalecimento da bioeconomia local através do uso dos recursos florestais locais. A partir do uso da madeira, um material renovável, reservatório de carbono e com excelentes propriedades térmicas, em associação ao processo de pré-fabricação e seus benefícios, esta pesquisa propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema construtivo para edifícios até 5 pisos recorrendo a painéis pré-fabricados de madeira com características concebidas e validadas para a aplicação bem sucedida no contexto português. Neste trabalho, o sistema construtivo é projetado, avaliado e otimizado em termos estruturais, funcionais e logísticos. São discutidas as estratégias de conceção de estruturas de madeira, bem como as necessidades e requisitos inerentes ao contexto português, a serem considerados na elaboração do sistema construtivo. Em seguida, definem-se as regras de conceção identificadas para os painéis, pormenorizando-os segundo cada camada constituinte e as suas propriedades. Os painéis são, então, avaliados quanto ao coeficiente de transmissão térmica (e proteção à humidade, para os painéis de fachada e cobertura) através do software Ubakus, quanto ao índice de redução sonora a sons aéreos e de percussão através do software INSUL e quanto à resistência e reação ao fogo. Através de um caso de estudo desenvolvido em parceria com a empresa PORTILAME - Engenharia e Madeira, Lda., avalia-se o comportamento estrutural dos componentes dos painéis para um edifício de 4 pisos através dos software RFEM e Calculatis. Given the climate scenario that revealed the urgency of reversing global consumption patterns, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 becomes an essential target in limiting global warming. In this context, building up in wood plays an innovative and promising role in pursuing this goal by the construction sector. However, there are substantial knowledge gaps about using wood in buildings that are decisive in depriving the wood structural use and that have fostered the disparity of its advances and incentives regarding concrete and steel technologies. This work aims not only to fill these knowledge gaps, promoting greater acceptance and expansion of the use of wood, but also to promote a sustainable alternative solution to conventional materials, namely concrete and steel, as a tool for meeting the national carbon neutrality targets and for strengthening the local bioeconomy through the use of native forest resources. By using wood, a renewable, carbon sink material with excellent thermal properties in association with the prefabrication process and its benefits, this research proposes the development of a construction system for up to 5-storey buildings based on prefabricated wooden panels for successful application in the Portuguese context. In this work, the constructive system is designed, evaluated and optimized in structural, functional and logistical terms. Strategies for designing wooden structures are discussed, as well as the needs and requirements inherent in the Portuguese context, to be considered in the design of the construction system. Then, the design rules for the panels are defined and detailed according to each component layer and its properties. The panels are then evaluated for the coefficient of thermal transmission (and moisture protection, for the facade and roof panels) using the Ubakus software, for the noise reduction index to aerial and percussion sounds using the INSUL software and resistance and reaction to fire. Through a case study developed in partnership with the company PORTILAME - Engenharia e Madeira, Lda., the structural behavior of the components of the panels for a 4-storey building is evaluated using RFEM and Calculatis software. Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação Sustentáveis

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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lemos, Adriana Maria Lima;

    As alterações climáticas são uma realidade no desenvolvimento atual do planeta Terra, sendo possível observar a intensificação de desastres naturais que ameaçam comprometer o futuro da humanidade. Assim, torna-se necessário que a população a nível mundial, pela mão das entidades responsáveis, tome medidas para que se possa adaptar às alterações que podem vir a enfrentar no seu dia-a-dia. De forma a entender estes fenómenos é necessário avaliar o impacto das alterações climáticas a nível ambiental e social em cada município/região separadamente. Nesta dissertação realizou-se o mapeamento da vulnerabilidade às alterações climáticas do município de Guimarães especificamente. Para o efeito foi criada uma metodologia baseada em estudos da mesma natureza realizados noutros locais, como é o exemplo da Índia (Mohanty e Wadhawan, 2021) e Bangladesh (Uddin et al., 2019) seguindo as normas das instituições europeias e mundiais relativamente a esta temática. Esta metodologia atribui uma determinada pontuação a cada variável (social ou ambiental) pertencente a cada uma das principais componentes, exposição, sensibilidade e capacidade de adaptação, associada a cada zona do município de acordo com as características da população e do local em estudo. O mapa gerado posteriormente permite combinar num só instrumento dados de diversos domínios de forma a representar a distribuição espacial de um índice de vulnerabilidade do território em estudo. Concluiu-se que o município de Guimarães se encontra de forma geral sob um nível de vulnerabilidade moderado, que a zona mais sensível às alterações climáticas corresponde ao centro da cidade e que a capacidade de adaptação das zonas limítrofes da cidade se encontra num nível muito baixo. Admitiu-se ainda que a avaliação da vulnerabilidade às alterações climáticas deve ser efetuada utilizando valores de ponderação para os indicadores utilizados e que este tipo de análise exige a intervenção de diversas especialidades ligadas a esses mesmos indicadores. Climate change is a reality in the current development of the planet Earth and it is possible to observe the intensification of natural disasters that threaten to compromise the future of humanity. Thus, it becomes necessary that the world population, by the hand of the responsible entities, take measures so that they can adapt to the changes they may face in their daily lives. In order to understand those phenomena, it is necessary to assess the impact of climate change ate environmental and social level in each municipality/region separately. In this dissertation the mapping of vulnerability to climate change of the municipality of Guimarães was carried out. For this purpose, a methodology was created based on studies of the same nature carried out in other places, such as India (Mohanty and Wadhawan, 2021) and Bangladesh (Uddin et al., 2019) following the standards of European and world institutions regarding this theme. This methodology assigns a certain score to each variable (social or environmental) belonging to each of the main components, exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, associated with each zone of the municipality according to the characteristics of the population and the place under study. The map subsequently generated allows combining in a single instrument data from several domains to represent the spatial distribution of a vulnerability index of the territory under study. It was concluded that the municipality of Guimaraes is, in general, under a moderate vulnerability level, that the most sensitive area to climate change corresponds to the city center and that the adaptation capacity of the bordering areas of the city is at a very low level. It was also admitted that the assessment of vulnerability to climate change must be carried out using weighting values for the indicators used and that this kind of analysis requires the intervention of several specialties linked to the same indicators. Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Civil (especialização em Cidades, Território e Infraestruturas de Transporte)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gonçalves, Gabriela Ribeiro da Silva;

    Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Geografia no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Letras O presente relatório de estágio visa apresentar uma análise e reflexão das atividades letivas e extralectivas ao longo do Estágio Pedagógico Supervisionado, desenvolvido na Escola Secundária Dr.ª Maria Cândida, em Mira, durante o ano letivo 2020/2021. Além disso, pretendo efetuar uma reflexão da aplicação da estratégia didático-pedagógica, neste caso concreto a Aplicação dos Media na Educação Geográfica e Ambiental, caso específico do Jornal aplicado ao tema das Alterações Climáticas. O relatório está dividido em três partes. A primeira parte, onde é feita a descrição geral da escola, acompanhado do enquadramento geográfico, turma, núcleo de estágio e das atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio. A segunda parte, está direcionada para a reflexão teórica e científica associada ao tema da aplicação didática.O tema da componente científica é as Alterações Climáticas e os seus impactos na saúde humana, assim como o surgimento ou ressurgimento de doenças parasitárias na Europa. Na terceira parte é apresentada a estratégia didática, o jornal realizado pelos alunos, acompanhado dos resultados obtidos ao inquérito realizado aos professores do agrupamento e aos alunos sobre o mesmo. Neste capítulo também se encontra uma reflexão sobre o ensino à distância e os impactos na aprendizagem tanto nos professores como alunos. Os objetivos propostos para esta estratégia foram positivos, uma vez que obtive o feedback desejado por parte dos alunos, assim como toda a dedicação na construção do jornal. This internship report aims to present an analysis and reflection of teaching and extralegal activities throughout the Supervised Pedagogical Internship, developed in Escola Secundária Dr. ª Maria Cândida, in Mira, during the school year 2020/2021. In addition, I intend to reflect on the application of didactic-pedagogical strategy, in this specific case the Application of Media in Geographic and Environmental Education, the specific case of the newspaper applied to the theme of Climate Change.The report is divided in three parts. The first part, where the general description of the school is made, accompanied by the geographic framing, class, internship nucleus and the activities carried out throughout the internship. The second part is directed towards the theoretical and scientific reflection associated with the theme of didactic application. The theme of the scientific component is Climate Change and its impacts on human health, as well as the emergence or resurgence of parasitic diseases in Europe.In the third part, the didactic strategy is presented, the newspaper made by the students, accompanied by the results obtained from the survey carried out to the teachers of the grouping and to the students about it. In this chapter there is also a reflection on distance learning and the impacts on learning for both teachers and students. The objectives proposed for this strategy were positive, since I obtained the desired feedback from the students, as well as all the dedication in the construction of the newspaper.

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2021
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2021
      Data sources: Estudo Geral
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Martins, Sandra; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; +5 Authors

    With the advances of climate change, it is expected harmful consequences to olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Therefore, it is necessary to develop cost-effective practices to reduce the vulnerability of olive crops to the adverse impacts of environmental stresses. Rainfed olive trees were sprayed with zeolites, natural crystalline aluminosilicates, and its effects on photosynthetic activity, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, leaf minerais concentrations, plant growth, yield, and olive oil quality were assessed. Zeolites application enhanced photosynthetic activity, as well the concentrations of N, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn in leaves, and changed the secondary metabolism, with decrease oftotal phenols, ortho-diphenols and total antioxidant activity, signs of lower oxidative stress. As consequence, zeolites boosted plant growth, crop yield, and size and weight of fruits. The foliar spray did not significantly affect the oil quality indices free acidity, peroxide value and Km and K270 coefficients. This study strongly suggests that folial' zeolites might be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse environmental conditions. This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financiai support to ClTAB (UIDB/04033/2020), and the Operational Group "Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas" I funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development). Sandra Martins acknowledges the financiai support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PD/BD/135327/2017), under the Doctoral programme "Agricultural Production Chains-from fork to farm". info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Biblioteca Digital do IPB
    Conference object . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital d...arrow_drop_down
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      Biblioteca Digital do IPB
      Conference object . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Menten, Guilherme Scatolini;

    Entre os impactos esperados das alterações climáticas estão a intensificação do aumento do nível médio do mar e a alteração dos padrões pluviométricos regionais. Os estuários estão entre as zonas mais vulneráveis a esses efeitos, sendo assim necessário entender os impactos nos mesmos para melhor planear ações de mitigação e aumento da resiliência. Neste trabalho foi aplicada modelação numérica, através do software Delft3D, para simular os efeitos na intrusão salina do estuário do Rio Minho sob os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5, adotados pelo IPCC. Os caudais fluviais são regulados por diversas barragens, sendo influenciados apenas de forma indireta pelas alterações nos padrões pluviométricos. Assim, foi estudada a variação dos caudais de modo a apoiar futuras ações de planeamento e eventuais revisões das regras de operação dessas barragens para limitar a intrusão salina. Verificou-se o aumento da intrusão salina a montante do estuário com o aumento do nível do mar e a diminuição dos caudais fluviais chegando, no pior caso, à extensão de 28,9 km a partir da foz do estuário, o que poderá implicar com os usos da água nesta região. A extensão da intrusão salina apresenta maior dependência em relação às variações de caudal em situações de seca. Assim, nos casos mais críticos, ou seja, com maior intrusão salina, o caudal fluvial demonstrou ser o fator de maior importância, sendo a sua regularização uma ferramenta de controlo da extensão da intrusão salina no estuário. Among the expected impacts of climate change are the increased mean sea level rise and the changes in regional rainfall patterns. Estuaries are among the most vulnerable areas to these effects, so it is necessary to understand their impacts to better plan mitigation actions and increase resilience. Numerical modeling was applied in this work, using the Delft3D software, to simulate the effects of saline intrusion in the Minho River estuary under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios adopted by the IPCC. In this case, the river`s flow is regulated by several dams, and the flow that reaches the estuary is only indirectly influenced by changes in rainfall patterns. Thus, the variation of river flows was studied in order to support future planning actions and revision of the dam discharges rules that should be followed to control salt intrusion. An increase in salt intrusion was observed at the upstream estuary with an increase in the sea level and the decrease in river flows reaching, in the worst case, the extension of 28.9 km from the estuarine mouth, which can bring several impacts to the different water uses in the region. The extent of salt intrusion showed a greater dependence on river flows variations under drought conditions. Thus, in the most critical cases, that is, with greater salt intrusion, the river flow proved to be the most important factor, and its control is an efficient tool to limit the extent of salt intrusion in the estuary. Agradeço também ao projeto EsCo-Ensembles (PTDC/ECI-EGC/30877/2017), cofinanciado por NORTE2020, Portugal 2020 e a União Europeia através do ERDF, e FCT através de fundos nacionais, cujos financiamentos apoiaram a criação do modelo utilizado, assim como de parte dos dados. Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2022
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Climate change already affects everyone. Anthropogenic actions produce planetary impacts and accelerate global warming. Municipalities around the world have been suffering from heat waves, prolonged droughts, torrential rains, tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, among others, which are increasingly recurrent. The objective of this essay is to show that cities have a strategic role, both in facing these atmospheric changes that we are experiencing, as well as in the decision-making power for coping actions. For this, we use the concept of geographic scale as a methodology, as a conceptual tool to articulate the different conflicting and complex levels of the current climate crisis. Identifying urban singularities, through a closer approximation of people's spatial reality, using this concept, is necessary to mitigate the social consequences of the process. The results elucidated that cities have unique characteristics to generate adaptations to these current climate changes, through a closer and more effective look at the local scale.

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    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Guincho, Mónica Andreia Barbosa Lucas;

    O aquecimento global é considerado um fenómeno que provoca alterações no clima do planeta, as quais acabam por se traduzir na ocorrência de fenómenos climáticos extremos que têm uma série de impactos negativos no meio ambiente em que as populações se inserem. A África Subsaariana compreende regiões do continente africano que são mais vulneráveis perante as alterações climáticas. Com a evolução de situações de seca extrema, cheias ou temperaturas elevadas, dá-se o agravamento de problemas como, a pobreza extrema, a insegurança alimentar, a escassez de recursos e o aparecimento de doenças. Face às dificuldades crescentes em combater e de se adaptarem aos impactos provocados pelas alterações climáticas, as populações destas regiões vêem-se forçadas a sair dos seus países de origem, em busca de melhores condições de vida. Esta procura pela sobrevivência acaba por levar a grandes fluxos migratórios em direção à Europa. Tendo em consideração o impacto das alterações climáticas, no aumento dos fluxos migratórios provenientes da África Subsaariana, compreende-se a necessidade de perceber o modo como estes migrantes ou refugiados, no caso daqueles que se vêem obrigados a emigrar por motivos ambientais, são identificados e encarados pela União Europeia. Apesar de existir um certo reconhecimento dos refugiados ambientais no seio da União Europeia como indivíduos que necessitam de ajuda, estes não se integram no estatuto que reconhece os refugiados como indivíduos que possuem o direito de obter proteção internacional, em termos de asilo. Perante isto, entende-se que apesar de não existir qualquer tipo de instrumento jurídico a favor dos refugiados ambientais, têm sido criadas e adotadas, políticas e medidas que têm como base os direitos humanos, no sentido de fornecer ajuda humanitária a estes indivíduos. Estas são desenvolvidas com o objetivo de combater as causas profundas das alterações climáticas, de modo a permitir à União Europeia contornar as causas das migrações. Global warming is considered a phenomenon that causes changes on the Earth’s climate, involving the occurrence of extreme climatic phenomena. This causes very negative impacts on the environments in which certain populations are inserted. Sub-Saharan Africa considered the regions that are most vulnerable to climate change. This is because with the evolution of situations of extreme drought, floods or high temperatures, there is an aggravation of problems such as extreme poverty, food insecurity, scarcity of resources and the appearance of diseases. In view of the growing difficulties in combating and adapting to the impacts caused by climate change, the populations of those regions are forced to leave their countries of origin, seeking better living conditions. This search for survival ends up leading to major migratory influxes towards Europe. Taking into account the impact of climate change on the increase in migratory flows from Sub-Saharan Africa, it’s important to understand the way in which these migrants or refugees, in the case of those who feel forced to migrate for environmental reasons, are identified and seen by the European Union. Although there is a certain recognition, within the European Union, of environmental refugees, as people in need of help, they are not part of refugee recognition status, as individuals who have the right to obtain international protection in terms of asylum. In view of this, it is understood that although there is no legal instrument in favour of environmental refugees, policies and measures, which are based on human rights, are being created and adopted in order to provide humanitarian assistance to these individuals. These measures and policies are developed with the objective of combating the root causes of climate change, in order to allow the European Union to circumvent the causes of migration. Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais

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    Authors: Oliveira, Tânia Conceição Ramos;

    A presente dissertação aborda o potencial das espécies vegetais Brassica juncea, Festuca glauca, Panicum virgatum e Sedum sediforme na fitorremediação de solos contaminados com chumbo (Pb), cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn) e/ou crómio (Cr), em diferentes níveis de concentração. Neste sentido, o trabalho centrou-se na avaliação da capacidade de fitorremediação destas culturas, assim como no estudo dos efeitos dos metais pesados no desenvolvimento e na qualidade da sua biomassa. Os ensaios de crescimento foram realizados em vasos, ao ar livre, estando, por isso, as espécies submetidas às condições atmosféricas locais, com controlo do caudal de irrigação. No final, foram realizadas análises para a determinação do teor de metais nos solos e a caraterização da biomassa. Esta caraterização incluiu a análise elementar, a determinação do teor de cinzas e do poder calorífico e a análise DTA/TGA. Observou-se que as plantas apresentaram uma grande tolerância à presença de metais no solo, sem sofrerem efeitos toxicológicos significativos, tendo-se obtido produtividades da biomassa bastante elevadas para as espécies B. juncea e P. virgatum. Além disso, as plantas demonstraram um bom potencial para a descontaminação dos solos, tendo-se obtido percentagens de remoção elevadas. Em particular, nos ensaios com 500 mg kg-1 e 1 250 mg kg-1 de zinco, todas as plantas em estudo proporcionaram teores deste metal nos solos em conformidade com os valores de referência impostos para a sua desclassificação para uso urbano. Em termos energéticos, os resultados demonstraram que, globalmente, as culturas são adequadas para a produção de energia por processos de combustão em caldeiras industriais, apresentando comportamentos semelhantes entre si. P. virgatum foi a planta que exibiu o maior potencial energético, com um valor médio de 175 GJ ha-1 . Em suma, os resultados evidenciaram as limitações à implementação da tecnologia de fitorremediação em larga escala, essencialmente devido aos longos períodos necessários para a remoção da contaminação. Por outro lado, o crescimento destas culturas em solos contaminados com metais apresenta vantagens do ponto de vista ambiental, relacionados com o sequestro de dióxido de carbono e a melhoria das funções dos solos. Adicionalmente, a possibilidade da valorização da biomassa contaminada para produção de energia constitui inclusivamente uma fonte de retorno económico. This dissertation addresses the potential of the plant species Brassica juncea, Festuca glauca, Panicum virgatum and Sedum sediforme in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) or chromium (Cr), at different concentration levels. In this sense, the work focused on the evaluation of the phytoremediation capacity of these crops, as well as on the study of the effects of the heavy metals on the development and quality of its biomass. The growth tests were carried out in pots, outdoors, therefore, the species were subjected to the local atmospheric conditions, controlling the irrigation flow. In the end, analysis for the determination of the metal content in soils and biomass characterization were performed. This characterization included the elemental analysis, the determination of the ash content and calorific value and the DTA/TGA analysis. It was observed that the plants showed a great tolerance to the presence of metals in the soil, without suffering significant toxicological effects, having obtained very high biomass productivity for the species B. juncea and P. virgatum. Above that, the plants demonstrated a good potential for the decontamination of soils, obtaining high removal percentages. Particularly, in the tests with 500 mg kg-1 and 1 250 mg kg 1 of zinc, all plants in study provided contents of this metal in soils in conformity with the reference values imposed for its declassification for urban use. In energetic terms, the results demonstrated that, globally, these crops are adequate for energy production by combustion processes in industrial boilers, showing similar behaviors between each other. P. virgatum exhibited the greatest energy potential, with an average value of 175 GJ ha-1 . In conclusion, these results highlighted the limitations for the implementation of the phytoremediation technology on a large scale, essentially due to the long passage periods required for the removal of the contamination. On the other side, the growth of these crops in soils contaminated with heavy metals presents advantages from an environmental point of view, related to the carbon dioxide sequestration and improvement of soil functions. Additionally, the possibility of the valorization of the contaminated biomass to produce energy constitutes inclusively a source of economic return. Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biológica (especialização em Tecnologia do Ambiente)

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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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    Authors: Gomes, Pedro Rafael Sá Fernandes;

    A crescente frequência e gravidade dos desastres relacionados com mudanças climáticas têm causado danos económicos e perda de vidas. Em 2018 foram documentados no International Disaster Database 315 desastres relacionados com o clima, que tiveram impacto em cerca de 68 milhões de pessoas, provocando a morte de 11.804 e causando cerca de 132 mil milhões de dólares em danos e prejuízos por todo o mundo. O processo de urbanização, em concreto o crescimento das grandes cidades, é um problema atual para a sociedade, que já se sente e se fará sentir com um aumento significativo nas próximas décadas do valor da população mundial a viver em cidades em contraposição ao êxodo rural, que se traduzirá noutra tipologia de problemas como a desertificação dessas áreas. Assim, conjugando estes processos de urbanização com uma maior frequência e aumento da gravidade dos desastres relacionados com clima e ambiente torna-se necessário desenvolver e preparar os sistemas para melhorar a resiliência desses sistemas e do meio urbano em geral. Como tal, há um crescente interesse no desenvolvimento de avaliação rigorosa dos sistemas urbanos que envolvem os componentes físicos (por exemplo, edifícios e redes de transporte) e os componentes biológicos (por exemplo, plantas, animais e população humana). Essas avaliações podem revelar o nível de recuperação e o grau de adaptação e preparação, assim como, a velocidade de reação e ação das cidades a eventos disruptivos associados a um futuro assolado por um clima incerto. Assim, neste trabalho, pretende-se estudar o conceito de resiliência urbana e desenvolver um modelo de avaliação da resiliência assente em cinco dimensões: infraestrutural, ambiental, governança, económica e social, tendo por base modelos já existentes e utilizados na literatura. Para esse efeito apresenta-se uma análise mais abrangente sobre o desempenho dos municípios da Região Norte de Portugal e uma análise mais especifica para os municípios do quadrilátero urbano do Minho, com particular incidência na análise das subdimensões e dos indicadores que compõem cada dimensão da avaliação. The increasing frequency and severity of climate change-related disasters have caused economic damage and loss of life. In 2018, 315 climate-related disasters were documented in the International Disaster Database, which impacted around 68 million people, killing 11,804 and causing around US$132 billion in damages and losses worldwide. The urbanization process, specifically the growth of large cities, is a current problem for society, which is already felt and will be felt with a significant increase in the coming decades of the value of the world population living in cities as opposed to the rural exodus, which will translate into another type of problem such as the desertification of these areas. Thus, combining these urbanization processes with a greater frequency and increased severity of disasters related to climate and environment, it becomes necessary to develop and prepare systems to improve the resilience of these systems and of the urban environment in general. As such, there is growing interest in developing rigorous assessment of urban systems that involve both physical components (eg buildings and transport networks) and biological components (eg plants, animals and human population). These assessments can reveal the level of recovery and the degree of adaptation and preparation, as well as the speed of reaction and action of cities to disruptive events associated with a future plagued by an uncertain climate. Thus, in this work, we intend to study the concept of urban resilience and develop a model for assessing resilience based on five dimensions: infrastructural, environmental, governance, economic and social, based on models that already exist and are used in the literature. For this purpose, a more comprehensive analysis of the performance of the municipalities in the North of Portugal and a more specific analysis for the municipalities of the urban quadrilateral of Minho are presented, with particular focus on the analysis of the sub-dimensions and indicators that make up each dimension of the evaluation. Dissertação de mestrado de Engenharia Urbana

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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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    Authors: Calado, Luís;

    De todas as energias renováveis existentes, a biomassa é o recurso com maior disponibilidade e versatilidade, podendo desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento de um sistema energético sustentável. A gaseificação térmica de biomassa é um processo termoquímico amplamente utilizado para a obtenção de produtos de maior valor e potencial para aplicações energéticas e químicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar o desempenho de dois processos diferentes de gaseificação térmica, em escala piloto, um de leito fluidizado e outro de leito fixo, utilizando como matéria-prima peletes de bagaço de azeitona (resíduos agroindustriais), peletes de Miscanthus (plantação energética) e peletes de pinho (resíduos agroflorestais), a diferentes temperaturas. O desempenho dos processos de gaseificação foi avaliado através do poder calorífico inferior do syngas, relação ER (razão entre o ar que entra na reação e o ar estequiométrico, relativo à combustão total dos produtos) e génese de subprodutos relativamente ao volume de syngas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a viabilidade das tecnologias estudadas no que respeita à elevada produção de energia utilizando resíduos biomássicos como combustível. Os testes realizados apresentaram as seguintes caraterísticas, para um consumo de 100 kg/h (0,17 m³/h), um LHV de syngas de 4,55 a 6,62 MJ/m³ para o leito fluidizado e de 5,12 a 5,84 MJ/m³ para o leito fixo, produção de material particulado (cinzas e carvões) e alcatrões de 0,013 a 0,016 m³ (material particulado) e 0,009 a 0,021 m³ (alcatrões) para o sistema de leito fluidizado e 0,008 a 0,015 m³ (material particulado) e 0,002 e 0,004 m³ (alcatrões) para o leito fixo, sendo que o volume de syngas produzido situa-se entre os 130,50 e 156,67 m³ e para leito fluidizado e para o leito fixo entre 230,91 e 330,68 m³. Com base nas premissas estudadas, foram propostas e comparadas duas instalações (leito fluidizado e leito fixo) para o mesmo consumo de matéria-prima (100 kg/h), localizadas junto a uma indústria de processamento florestal e/ou agroindustrial. A análise técnico-económica mostrou que o projeto de leito fluidizado não é economicamente viável nas atuais condições de mercado, para as biomassas estudadas, apresentando um VAL negativo de -75.790 € (bagaço de azeitona), -265.354 € (Miscanthus) e -279.928 € (pinho), uma TIR de -9,08 % (bagaço de azeitona) e não reproduzível para as restantes biomassas, e um PB de 14 anos para o bagaço de azeitona e não reproduzível para as restantes biomassas. No que respeita ao projeto de leito fixo mostrou-se economicamente viável para as biomassas bagaço de azeitona, Miscanthus e pinho, com um VAL positivo de 126.190 €, 10.119 € e 158.930 €, uma TIR de 47,23 %, 6,81 % e 45,32 %, e um PB de 2, 10 e 2 anos, respetivamente. Concluiu-se que a gaseificação térmica é uma tecnologia perfeitamente adequada para a valorização de matérias-primas de origem lenhocelulósicas, apresentando viabilidade económica, no que respeita à tecnologia de leito fixo Of all the existing renewable energies, biomass is the resource with the greatest availability and versatility, and it can play an important role in the development of a sustainable energy system. Biomass gasification is a thermochemical process widely used to obtain products of greater value and potential for energy and chemical applications. The objective of the present work is to compare the performance of two different thermal gasification processes, on a pilot scale, one of fluidized bed and one of fixed bed, using olive pomace pellets (agroindustrial residues), Miscanthus pellets as raw material (energetic crops) and pine pellets (agroforestry waste), at different temperatures. The performance of the gasification processes was evaluated through the lower calorific value of the syngas, the ER ratio (ratio between the air entering the reaction and the stoichiometric air, relative to the total combustion of the products) and the genesis of by-products in relation to the volume of syngas. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of the technologies studied with regard to high energy production using biomass residues as fuel. The tests performed revealed the following characteristics, for a consumption of 100 kg/h (0.17 m³/h), an LHV of syngas from 4.55 to 6.62 MJ/m³ for the fluidized bed and from 5.12 to 5.84 MJ/m³ for the fixed bed, production of particulate material (ash and chars) and tars, of 0.013 to 0.016 m³ (particulate material) and 0.009 to 0.021 m³ (tars) for the fluidized bed system and 0.008 to 0.015 m³ (particulate material) and 0.002 and 0.004 m³ (tar) for the fixed bed, the volume of syngas produced was between 130.50 and 156.67 m³ and for fluidized bed and for the fixed bed between 230.91 and 330.68 m³. Based on the assumptions studied, two facilities (fluidized bed and fixed bed) for the same consumption of raw material (100 kg/h) were proposed and compared, located next to a forestry and/or agroindustrial processing industry. The technical-economic analysis presented that the fluidized bed project is not economically viable in the current market conditions, for the studied biomasses, presenting a negative VAL of -75,790 € (olive pomace), -265,354 € (Miscanthus) and -279,928 € (pine), an IRR of -9.08% (olive pomace) and non-reproducible for the remaining biomasses, and a 14-year PB for olive pomace and non-reproducible for the remaining biomasses. Regarding the fixed bed project, it proved to be economically viable for olive pomace, Miscanthus and pine biomass, with a positive VAL of 126,190 €, 10,119 € and 158,930 €, an IRR of 47.23%, 6.81% and 45.32%, and a BP of 2, 10 and 2 years, respectively. It was concluded that thermal gasification is a perfectly suitable technology for the valorization of raw materials of lignocellulosic origin, presenting economic viability, with respect to the fixed bed technology

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    Master thesis . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tenório, Marina Costa Urquiza;

    Dado o alarmante cenário climático que revelou a urgência em reverter os padrões de consumo globais, alcançar a neutralidade carbónica até 2050 torna-se uma meta essencial para limitar o aquecimento global. Neste contexto, a construção em madeira assume um papel inovador e promissor na prossecução deste objetivo por parte do setor da construção. No entanto, existem lacunas de conhecimento substanciais acerca da utilização da madeira em edifícios que são decisivas na limitação do uso estrutural da madeira e que têm fomentado a disparidade dos seus avanços e incentivos comparativamente às tecnologias em betão e em aço. Este trabalho visa não apenas preencher estas lacunas de conhecimento, promovendo a maior aceitação e expansão ao uso da madeira, como oferecer uma solução sustentável alternativa aos materiais convencionais como ferramenta para o cumprimento dos objetivos nacionais de neutralidade carbónica e para o fortalecimento da bioeconomia local através do uso dos recursos florestais locais. A partir do uso da madeira, um material renovável, reservatório de carbono e com excelentes propriedades térmicas, em associação ao processo de pré-fabricação e seus benefícios, esta pesquisa propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema construtivo para edifícios até 5 pisos recorrendo a painéis pré-fabricados de madeira com características concebidas e validadas para a aplicação bem sucedida no contexto português. Neste trabalho, o sistema construtivo é projetado, avaliado e otimizado em termos estruturais, funcionais e logísticos. São discutidas as estratégias de conceção de estruturas de madeira, bem como as necessidades e requisitos inerentes ao contexto português, a serem considerados na elaboração do sistema construtivo. Em seguida, definem-se as regras de conceção identificadas para os painéis, pormenorizando-os segundo cada camada constituinte e as suas propriedades. Os painéis são, então, avaliados quanto ao coeficiente de transmissão térmica (e proteção à humidade, para os painéis de fachada e cobertura) através do software Ubakus, quanto ao índice de redução sonora a sons aéreos e de percussão através do software INSUL e quanto à resistência e reação ao fogo. Através de um caso de estudo desenvolvido em parceria com a empresa PORTILAME - Engenharia e Madeira, Lda., avalia-se o comportamento estrutural dos componentes dos painéis para um edifício de 4 pisos através dos software RFEM e Calculatis. Given the climate scenario that revealed the urgency of reversing global consumption patterns, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 becomes an essential target in limiting global warming. In this context, building up in wood plays an innovative and promising role in pursuing this goal by the construction sector. However, there are substantial knowledge gaps about using wood in buildings that are decisive in depriving the wood structural use and that have fostered the disparity of its advances and incentives regarding concrete and steel technologies. This work aims not only to fill these knowledge gaps, promoting greater acceptance and expansion of the use of wood, but also to promote a sustainable alternative solution to conventional materials, namely concrete and steel, as a tool for meeting the national carbon neutrality targets and for strengthening the local bioeconomy through the use of native forest resources. By using wood, a renewable, carbon sink material with excellent thermal properties in association with the prefabrication process and its benefits, this research proposes the development of a construction system for up to 5-storey buildings based on prefabricated wooden panels for successful application in the Portuguese context. In this work, the constructive system is designed, evaluated and optimized in structural, functional and logistical terms. Strategies for designing wooden structures are discussed, as well as the needs and requirements inherent in the Portuguese context, to be considered in the design of the construction system. Then, the design rules for the panels are defined and detailed according to each component layer and its properties. The panels are then evaluated for the coefficient of thermal transmission (and moisture protection, for the facade and roof panels) using the Ubakus software, for the noise reduction index to aerial and percussion sounds using the INSUL software and resistance and reaction to fire. Through a case study developed in partnership with the company PORTILAME - Engenharia e Madeira, Lda., the structural behavior of the components of the panels for a 4-storey building is evaluated using RFEM and Calculatis software. Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação Sustentáveis

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2022
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lemos, Adriana Maria Lima;

    As alterações climáticas são uma realidade no desenvolvimento atual do planeta Terra, sendo possível observar a intensificação de desastres naturais que ameaçam comprometer o futuro da humanidade. Assim, torna-se necessário que a população a nível mundial, pela mão das entidades responsáveis, tome medidas para que se possa adaptar às alterações que podem vir a enfrentar no seu dia-a-dia. De forma a entender estes fenómenos é necessário avaliar o impacto das alterações climáticas a nível ambiental e social em cada município/região separadamente. Nesta dissertação realizou-se o mapeamento da vulnerabilidade às alterações climáticas do município de Guimarães especificamente. Para o efeito foi criada uma metodologia baseada em estudos da mesma natureza realizados noutros locais, como é o exemplo da Índia (Mohanty e Wadhawan, 2021) e Bangladesh (Uddin et al., 2019) seguindo as normas das instituições europeias e mundiais relativamente a esta temática. Esta metodologia atribui uma determinada pontuação a cada variável (social ou ambiental) pertencente a cada uma das principais componentes, exposição, sensibilidade e capacidade de adaptação, associada a cada zona do município de acordo com as características da população e do local em estudo. O mapa gerado posteriormente permite combinar num só instrumento dados de diversos domínios de forma a representar a distribuição espacial de um índice de vulnerabilidade do território em estudo. Concluiu-se que o município de Guimarães se encontra de forma geral sob um nível de vulnerabilidade moderado, que a zona mais sensível às alterações climáticas corresponde ao centro da cidade e que a capacidade de adaptação das zonas limítrofes da cidade se encontra num nível muito baixo. Admitiu-se ainda que a avaliação da vulnerabilidade às alterações climáticas deve ser efetuada utilizando valores de ponderação para os indicadores utilizados e que este tipo de análise exige a intervenção de diversas especialidades ligadas a esses mesmos indicadores. Climate change is a reality in the current development of the planet Earth and it is possible to observe the intensification of natural disasters that threaten to compromise the future of humanity. Thus, it becomes necessary that the world population, by the hand of the responsible entities, take measures so that they can adapt to the changes they may face in their daily lives. In order to understand those phenomena, it is necessary to assess the impact of climate change ate environmental and social level in each municipality/region separately. In this dissertation the mapping of vulnerability to climate change of the municipality of Guimarães was carried out. For this purpose, a methodology was created based on studies of the same nature carried out in other places, such as India (Mohanty and Wadhawan, 2021) and Bangladesh (Uddin et al., 2019) following the standards of European and world institutions regarding this theme. This methodology assigns a certain score to each variable (social or environmental) belonging to each of the main components, exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, associated with each zone of the municipality according to the characteristics of the population and the place under study. The map subsequently generated allows combining in a single instrument data from several domains to represent the spatial distribution of a vulnerability index of the territory under study. It was concluded that the municipality of Guimaraes is, in general, under a moderate vulnerability level, that the most sensitive area to climate change corresponds to the city center and that the adaptation capacity of the bordering areas of the city is at a very low level. It was also admitted that the assessment of vulnerability to climate change must be carried out using weighting values for the indicators used and that this kind of analysis requires the intervention of several specialties linked to the same indicators. Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Civil (especialização em Cidades, Território e Infraestruturas de Transporte)

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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