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The myriad of complex demographic responses of terrestrial mammals to climate change and gaps of knowledge: A global analysis

pmid: 33825186
Abstract Approximately 25% of mammals are currently threatened with extinction, a risk that is amplified under climate change. Species persistence under climate change is determined by the combined effects of climatic factors on multiple demographic rates (survival, development and reproduction), and hence, population dynamics. Thus, to quantify which species and regions on Earth are most vulnerable to climate‐driven extinction, a global understanding of how different demographic rates respond to climate is urgently needed. Here, we perform a systematic review of literature on demographic responses to climate, focusing on terrestrial mammals, for which extensive demographic data are available. To assess the full spectrum of responses, we synthesize information from studies that quantitatively link climate to multiple demographic rates. We find only 106 such studies, corresponding to 87 mammal species. These 87 species constitute <1% of all terrestrial mammals. Our synthesis reveals a strong mismatch between the locations of demographic studies and the regions and taxa currently recognized as most vulnerable to climate change. Surprisingly, for most mammals and regions sensitive to climate change, holistic demographic responses to climate remain unknown. At the same time, we reveal that filling this knowledge gap is critical as the effects of climate change will operate via complex demographic mechanisms: a vast majority of mammal populations display projected increases in some demographic rates but declines in others, often depending on the specific environmental context, complicating simple projections of population fates. Assessments of population viability under climate change are in critical need to gather data that account for multiple demographic responses, and coordinated actions to assess demography holistically should be prioritized for mammals and other taxa.
- University of Zurich, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Germany
- University of Sheffield United Kingdom
- Case Western Reserve University United States
- University of Oxford United Kingdom
temperature extremes, Mammals, comparative demography, Ecology, Evolution, demographic rates, Climate Change, Population Dynamics, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, climate vulnerability, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Behavior and Systematics, 570 Life sciences; biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, population growth rate, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology
temperature extremes, Mammals, comparative demography, Ecology, Evolution, demographic rates, Climate Change, Population Dynamics, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, climate vulnerability, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Behavior and Systematics, 570 Life sciences; biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, population growth rate, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).34 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1%
