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Aridity Modulates N Availability in Arid and Semiarid Mediterranean Grasslands

معدل الجفاف N التوافر في الأراضي العشبية المتوسطية القاحلة وشبه القاحلة
Authors: Mchich Derak; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo; Victoria Ochoa; Fernando T. Maestre; Matthew D. Wallenstein; Miguel García-Gómez; Miguel Berdugo; +8 Authors

Aridity Modulates N Availability in Arid and Semiarid Mediterranean Grasslands

Abstract

Bien que l'on sache beaucoup de choses sur les facteurs qui contrôlent chaque composante du cycle terrestre de l'azote (N), il est moins clair comment ces facteurs affectent la disponibilité totale de l'azote, la somme des formes organiques et inorganiques potentiellement disponibles pour les micro-organismes et les plantes. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les écosystèmes pauvres en N tels que les terres arides, qui sont très sensibles au changement climatique et aux processus de désertification pouvant entraîner la perte de nutriments du sol tels que N. Nous avons évalué la corrélation entre différents facteurs climatiques, abiotiques, végétaux et liés aux nutriments et la disponibilité de N dans les prairies semi-arides de Stipa tenacissima le long d'un large gradient d'aridité allant de l'Espagne à la Tunisie. L'aridité avait la relation la plus forte avec la disponibilité de l'azote, suggérant l'importance des contrôles abiotiques sur le cycle de l'azote dans les terres arides. L'aridité semble moduler les effets du pH, de la couverture végétale et du C organique (CO) sur la disponibilité de l'azote. Nos résultats suggèrent que les taux de transformation de l'azote, qui sont largement influencés par les variations de l'humidité du sol, ne sont pas les moteurs directs de la disponibilité de l'azote dans les prairies étudiées. Au contraire, la forte relation entre l'aridité et la disponibilité de l'azote pourrait être motivée par des effets indirects qui opèrent sur de longues échelles de temps (des décennies à des millénaires), y compris à la fois biotiques (par exemple, la couverture végétale) et abiotiques (par exemple, le CO et le pH du sol). Si ces facteurs sont en fait plus importants que les effets à court terme des précipitations sur les taux de transformation de l'azote, alors nous pourrions nous attendre à observer une diminution décalée de la disponibilité de l'azote en réponse à l'augmentation de l'aridité. Néanmoins, nos résultats suggèrent que l'augmentation de l'aridité prévue avec le changement climatique en cours réduira la disponibilité de l'azote dans le bassin méditerranéen, affectant l'absorption des nutriments végétaux et la production primaire nette dans les prairies semi-arides de cette région.

Si bien se sabe mucho sobre los factores que controlan cada componente del ciclo del nitrógeno (N) terrestre, está menos claro cómo estos factores afectan la disponibilidad total de N, la suma de formas orgánicas e inorgánicas potencialmente disponibles para microorganismos y plantas. Esto es particularmente cierto para los ecosistemas pobres en N, como las tierras secas, que son altamente sensibles al cambio climático y los procesos de desertificación que pueden conducir a la pérdida de nutrientes del suelo, como N. Evaluamos cómo los diferentes factores climáticos, abióticos, vegetales y relacionados con los nutrientes se correlacionan con la disponibilidad de N en los pastizales semiáridos de Stipa tenacissima a lo largo de un amplio gradiente de aridez desde España hasta Túnez. La aridez tuvo la relación más fuerte con la disponibilidad de N, lo que sugiere la importancia de los controles abióticos en el ciclo de N en las tierras secas. La aridez pareció modular los efectos del pH, la cobertura vegetal y el C orgánico (OC) sobre la disponibilidad de N. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las tasas de transformación de N, que son impulsadas en gran medida por las variaciones en la humedad del suelo, no son los impulsores directos de la disponibilidad de N en los pastizales estudiados. Más bien, la fuerte relación entre la aridez y la disponibilidad de N podría ser impulsada por efectos indirectos que operan en escalas de tiempo largas (décadas a milenios), incluyendo tanto bióticos (por ejemplo, cobertura vegetal) como abióticos (por ejemplo, OC y pH del suelo). Si estos factores son de hecho más importantes que los efectos a corto plazo de la precipitación en las tasas de transformación de N, entonces podríamos esperar observar una disminución retardada en la disponibilidad de N en respuesta al aumento de la aridez. Sin embargo, nuestros resultados sugieren que el aumento de la aridez predicho con el cambio climático en curso reducirá la disponibilidad de N en la cuenca mediterránea, lo que afectará la absorción de nutrientes de las plantas y la producción primaria neta en los pastizales semiáridos en toda esta región.

While much is known about the factors that control each component of the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle, it is less clear how these factors affect total N availability, the sum of organic and inorganic forms potentially available to microorganisms and plants. This is particularly true for N-poor ecosystems such as drylands, which are highly sensitive to climate change and desertification processes that can lead to the loss of soil nutrients such as N. We evaluated how different climatic, abiotic, plant and nutrient related factors correlate with N availability in semiarid Stipa tenacissima grasslands along a broad aridity gradient from Spain to Tunisia. Aridity had the strongest relationship with N availability, suggesting the importance of abiotic controls on the N cycle in drylands. Aridity appeared to modulate the effects of pH, plant cover and organic C (OC) on N availability. Our results suggest that N transformation rates, which are largely driven by variations in soil moisture, are not the direct drivers of N availability in the studied grasslands. Rather, the strong relationship between aridity and N availability could be driven by indirect effects that operate over long time scales (decades to millennia), including both biotic (e.g. plant cover) and abiotic (e.g. soil OC and pH). If these factors are in fact more important than short-term effects of precipitation on N transformation rates, then we might expect to observe a lagged decrease in N availability in response to increasing aridity. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the increase in aridity predicted with ongoing climate change will reduce N availability in the Mediterranean basin, impacting plant nutrient uptake and net primary production in semiarid grasslands throughout this region.

في حين أن الكثير معروف عن العوامل التي تتحكم في كل مكون من مكونات دورة النيتروجين الأرضية (N)، إلا أنه من غير الواضح كيف تؤثر هذه العوامل على إجمالي توافر N، وهو مجموع الأشكال العضوية وغير العضوية التي يحتمل أن تكون متاحة للكائنات الحية الدقيقة والنباتات. وينطبق هذا بشكل خاص على النظم الإيكولوجية التي تعاني من فقر النيتروجين مثل الأراضي الجافة، وهي حساسة للغاية لتغير المناخ وعمليات التصحر التي يمكن أن تؤدي إلى فقدان مغذيات التربة مثل النيتروجين. قمنا بتقييم كيفية ارتباط العوامل المناخية واللاأحيائية والنباتية والمغذيات المختلفة بتوافر النيتروجين في المراعي شبه القاحلة على طول تدرج جفاف واسع من إسبانيا إلى تونس. كان للجفاف أقوى علاقة بتوافر النيتروجين، مما يشير إلى أهمية الضوابط اللاأحيائية في دورة النيتروجين في الأراضي الجافة. يبدو أن الجفاف يعدل تأثيرات الأس الهيدروجيني والغطاء النباتي و C العضوي (OC) على توافر N. تشير نتائجنا إلى أن معدلات تحول N، التي تحركها إلى حد كبير الاختلافات في رطوبة التربة، ليست هي الدوافع المباشرة لتوافر N في الأراضي العشبية المدروسة. بدلاً من ذلك، يمكن أن تكون العلاقة القوية بين الجفاف وتوافر N مدفوعة بالتأثيرات غير المباشرة التي تعمل على نطاقات زمنية طويلة (من عقود إلى آلاف السنين)، بما في ذلك كل من الحيوية (مثل الغطاء النباتي) واللاأحيائية (مثل OC التربة ودرجة الحموضة). إذا كانت هذه العوامل في الواقع أكثر أهمية من الآثار قصيرة الأجل لهطول الأمطار على معدلات تحول N، فقد نتوقع ملاحظة انخفاض متأخر في توافر N استجابة لزيادة الجفاف. ومع ذلك، تشير نتائجنا إلى أن الزيادة في القحولة المتوقعة مع تغير المناخ المستمر ستقلل من توافر N في حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط، مما يؤثر على امتصاص المغذيات النباتية وصافي الإنتاج الأولي في المراعي شبه القاحلة في جميع أنحاء هذه المنطقة.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, Arid, Rain, Biotic component, Precipitation, 910, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Soil, Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management, Climate change, Desertification, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Geography, Q, R, Life Sciences, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrogen Cycle, Grassland, Grasslands, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Desert Climate, Research Article, Abiotic component, Tunisia, Nitrogen, Science, Soil Science, Poaceae, Ecosystems, Environmental science, Meteorology, Aridity index, XXXXXX - Unknown, Biology, Ecosystem, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Nitrates, Soil Fertility, Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change, Edaphology, Carbon, Agronomy, Medio Ambiente, Spain, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Mediterranean Basin, Soil mineralization, Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems, Mediterranean climate, Depolymerization, Nutrient

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
47
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Top 10%
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