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Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock

رسم خرائط التوزيع العالمي للثروة الحيوانية
Authors: G. R. William Wint; Marius Gilbert; Elisa Palamara; Laura D'Aietti; Giuseppina Cinardi; Simon I. Hay; Simon I. Hay; +5 Authors

Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock

Abstract

L'élevage contribue directement aux moyens de subsistance et à la sécurité alimentaire de près d'un milliard de personnes et affecte l'alimentation et la santé de nombreux autres. Avec une population sur pied estimée à 1,43 milliard de bovins, 1,87 milliard d'ovins et de caprins, 0,98 milliard de porcins et 19,60 milliards de poulets, des informations fiables et accessibles sur la distribution et l'abondance du bétail sont nécessaires pour de nombreuses raisons. Il s'agit notamment d'analyses des aspects sociaux et économiques du secteur de l'élevage ; des impacts environnementaux de l'élevage tels que la production et la gestion des déchets, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et les changements d'affectation des terres liés à l'élevage ; et des enquêtes de santé publique et épidémiologiques à grande échelle. La base de données Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW), produite en 2007, a fourni des densités de bétail modélisées du monde, ajustées pour correspondre aux estimations nationales officielles (FAOSTAT) pour l'année de référence 2005, à une résolution spatiale de 3 minutes d'arc (environ 5×5 km à l'équateur). Des améliorations méthodologiques récentes ont considérablement amélioré ces distributions : des statistiques infranationales plus récentes et détaillées sur le bétail ont été collectées ; un nouvel ensemble de variables prédictives à plus haute résolution est utilisé ; et la procédure analytique a été révisée et étendue pour inclure une évaluation plus systématique de la précision du modèle et de la représentation des incertitudes associées aux prédictions. Cet article décrit en détail l'approche actuelle et présente de nouvelles cartes de distribution mondiale à une résolution de 1 km pour les bovins, les porcs et les poulets, ainsi qu'une carte de distribution partielle pour les canards. Ces couches numériques sont mises à la disposition du public via le Géo-Wiki de l'élevage (http://www.livestock.geo-wiki.org), tout comme les cartes des autres types d'élevage au fur et à mesure de leur production.

La ganadería contribuye directamente a los medios de vida y la seguridad alimentaria de casi mil millones de personas y afecta a la dieta y la salud de muchas más. Con poblaciones permanentes estimadas de 1.430 millones de vacas, 1.870 millones de ovejas y cabras, 0.980 millones de cerdos y 19.600 millones de pollos, se necesita información confiable y accesible sobre la distribución y abundancia de ganado por muchas razones. Estos incluyen análisis de los aspectos sociales y económicos del sector ganadero; los impactos ambientales de la ganadería, como la producción y gestión de residuos, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y el cambio de uso de la tierra relacionado con la ganadería; e investigaciones epidemiológicas y de salud pública a gran escala. La base de datos Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW), producida en 2007, proporcionó densidades de ganado modeladas del mundo, ajustadas para coincidir con las estimaciones nacionales oficiales (FAOSTAT) para el año de referencia 2005, a una resolución espacial de 3 minutos de arco (aproximadamente 5×5 km en el ecuador). Las mejoras metodológicas recientes han mejorado significativamente estas distribuciones: se han recopilado estadísticas ganaderas subnacionales más actualizadas y detalladas; se utiliza un nuevo conjunto de variables predictoras de mayor resolución; y el procedimiento analítico se ha revisado y ampliado para incluir una evaluación más sistemática de la precisión del modelo y la representación de las incertidumbres asociadas con las predicciones. Este documento describe el enfoque actual en detalle y presenta nuevos mapas de distribución global a una resolución de 1 km para ganado vacuno, cerdos y pollos, y un mapa de distribución parcial para patos. Estas capas digitales se ponen a disposición del público a través de Livestock Geo-Wiki (http://www.livestock.geo-wiki.org), al igual que los mapas de otros tipos de ganado a medida que se producen.

Livestock contributes directly to the livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people and affects the diet and health of many more. With estimated standing populations of 1.43 billion cattle, 1.87 billion sheep and goats, 0.98 billion pigs, and 19.60 billion chickens, reliable and accessible information on the distribution and abundance of livestock is needed for a many reasons. These include analyses of the social and economic aspects of the livestock sector; the environmental impacts of livestock such as the production and management of waste, greenhouse gas emissions and livestock-related land-use change; and large-scale public health and epidemiological investigations. The Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW) database, produced in 2007, provided modelled livestock densities of the world, adjusted to match official (FAOSTAT) national estimates for the reference year 2005, at a spatial resolution of 3 minutes of arc (about 5×5 km at the equator). Recent methodological improvements have significantly enhanced these distributions: more up-to date and detailed sub-national livestock statistics have been collected; a new, higher resolution set of predictor variables is used; and the analytical procedure has been revised and extended to include a more systematic assessment of model accuracy and the representation of uncertainties associated with the predictions. This paper describes the current approach in detail and presents new global distribution maps at 1 km resolution for cattle, pigs and chickens, and a partial distribution map for ducks. These digital layers are made publically available via the Livestock Geo-Wiki (http://www.livestock.geo-wiki.org), as will be the maps of other livestock types as they are produced.

تساهم الثروة الحيوانية بشكل مباشر في سبل العيش والأمن الغذائي لما يقرب من مليار شخص وتؤثر على النظام الغذائي والصحة للكثيرين غيرهم. مع وجود ما يقدر بنحو 1.43 مليار رأس من الماشية، و 1.87 مليار رأس من الأغنام والماعز، و 0.98 مليار رأس من الخنازير، و 19.60 مليار رأس من الدجاج، هناك حاجة إلى معلومات موثوقة ويمكن الوصول إليها حول توزيع ووفرة الماشية لأسباب عديدة. ويشمل ذلك تحليلات للجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لقطاع الثروة الحيوانية ؛ والآثار البيئية للثروة الحيوانية مثل إنتاج وإدارة النفايات وانبعاثات غازات الدفيئة والتغيير في استخدام الأراضي المتعلقة بالثروة الحيوانية ؛ والتحقيقات واسعة النطاق في مجال الصحة العامة والأوبئة. قدمت قاعدة بيانات الثروة الحيوانية الشبكية في العالم (GLW)، التي تم إنتاجها في عام 2007، نماذج لكثافة الثروة الحيوانية في العالم، تم تعديلها لتتناسب مع التقديرات الوطنية الرسمية (FAOSTAT) للسنة المرجعية 2005، بدقة مكانية تبلغ 3 دقائق من القوس (حوالي 5×5 كم عند خط الاستواء). عززت التحسينات المنهجية الأخيرة هذه التوزيعات بشكل كبير: تم جمع إحصاءات أكثر حداثة وتفصيلاً عن الثروة الحيوانية على المستوى دون الوطني ؛ وتم استخدام مجموعة جديدة أعلى دقة من متغيرات التنبؤ ؛ وتمت مراجعة الإجراء التحليلي وتوسيعه ليشمل تقييمًا أكثر منهجية لدقة النموذج وتمثيل أوجه عدم اليقين المرتبطة بالتنبؤات. تصف هذه الورقة النهج الحالي بالتفصيل وتقدم خرائط توزيع عالمية جديدة بدقة 1 كم للماشية والخنازير والدجاج، وخريطة توزيع جزئية للبط. تتاح هذه الطبقات الرقمية للجمهور عبر موقع Livestock Geo - Wiki (http://www.livestock.geo-wiki.org)، وكذلك خرائط أنواع الماشية الأخرى عند إنتاجها.

Countries
France, Belgium, France
Keywords

Swine, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology, Economics, Food Supply, Livelihood, Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods, Environmental resource management, Agricultural economics, Ecology, Geography, Q, R, Life Sciences, Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock Domestication, Ducks, Archaeology, Physical Sciences, Genomic Selection in Plant and Animal Breeding, Medicine, Research Article, Livestock, Science, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Greenhouse gas, Mathematical analysis, Environmental science, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics, FOS: Mathematics, Animals, Biology, Ecologie, Distribution (mathematics), Food security, Models, Theoretical, livestock, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Cattle, Chickens, Mathematics

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
668
Top 0.1%
Top 1%
Top 0.1%
Green
gold