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Agroécologie : pour une réconciliation de l'agriculture et du droit de l'environnement

Authors: Passos, Roxanne;

Agroécologie : pour une réconciliation de l'agriculture et du droit de l'environnement

Abstract

Alors que l’horloge affiche minuit moins une et que les changements climatiques frappent à nos portes, il est temps de repenser nos modes de production. En effet, l’agriculture est non seulement aux premières loges des secteurs affectés par les dérèglements météorologiques, mais ces activités la classent parmi les principaux émetteurs de gaz à effet de serre. L’heure est donc à la mise en place de méthodes « post-productivistes ». Une mention s’impose toutefois : l’agriculture est au cœur de la vie. Son importance à travers le monde, et au Québec, est indéniable. En plus de sa fonction nourricière, elle incarne un pilier important de l’économie et un gagne-pain pour les gens qui décident d’en faire une vocation. De la production à la transformation, l’agriculture représente de surcroît un secteur d’emplois importants et elle est ancrée dans l’identité des communautés. Or, en raison des pressions et préoccupations environnementales qui découlent de son modèle dominant, l’agriculture est également à la croisée des chemins : les systèmes de production industriels ne sont pas viables. Dégradation des sols, perte de biodiversité, contamination de l’eau, résidus de pesticides, recours aux organismes génétiquement modifiés et participation aux changements climatiques sont au nombre des réprobations. Ce mémoire vise donc à initier une discussion au sujet de l’intégration en droit d’une alternative transdisciplinaire qui gagne de plus en plus de terrain : l’agroécologie. À cette fin, le corpus normatif applicable à l’agriculture sera présenté à travers le prisme du droit de l’environnement québécois, à la suite de quoi, un diagnostic sera posé, à la lumière des approches critiques en droit, quant à la suffisance du cadre existant. Pour pallier aux limites intrinsèques du régime juridique existant dans les zones à forte dominance agricole, mais aussi aux faiblesses du paradigme agricole dominant au Québec, l’intégration de l’agroécologie sera proposée. Mais qu’est-ce que l’agroécologie concrètement ? Le concept sera défini dans sa perspective scientifique et juridique, et en terminant, afin d’alimenter la discussion et d’inspirer de potentiels changements, l’intégration de l’agroécologie au sein des lois d’autres juridictions sera abordée.

Now that we are one-step away from the precipice and that climate change is at our doors, it is time to re-think our production methods. Indeed, agriculture is not only among the most affected sectors by climatic change, but also its activities rank it among the highest producers of greenhouse gases. The time has come to put in place “post-productivist” methods. A note, however, is necessary: agriculture is at the heart of life. Its importance throughout the world, and in Quebec, is undeniable. In addition to its nurturing function, it embodies an important economic pillar and a livelihood for those who chose to dedicate their life to it. Moreover, from production to transformation, agriculture represents an important sector of employment and is rooted in the identity of communities. However, because of the pressures and anguishes that stem from the environmental footprint of its dominant model, agriculture is now at a crossroads: industrial production systems are not viable. Land deterioration, loss of biodiversity, water contamination, pesticides residue, reliance on genetically modified organisms, and its contribution to climate change are among the criticisms. Thus, this thesis aims to initiate a discussion about the integration into law of a transdisciplinary alternative that is gaining more and more ground: agroecology. To this end, the body of law applicable to agriculture will be presented through the lens of Quebec environmental law, following which, a diagnostic will be offered, in light of critical approaches in law, regarding the sufficiency of the existing framework. To overcome the intrinsic limitations of the existing legal system in areas of strong agricultural dominance, but also the weaknesses of the current agricultural paradigm in Quebec, the integration of agroecology will be suggested. But, what is agroecology concretely? The concept will be defined in both its scientific and legal perspective, and finally, to contribute to the discussion and inspire potential changes, the integration of agroecology among other legal jurisdictions will be addressed.

Country
Canada
Related Organizations
Keywords

droit de l’environnement, agroecology, climate change, changements climatiques, agroécologie, environmental law, pesticides, agriculture

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    influence
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green