Seawater carbonate chemistry and environmental data, and nutrients of KOSMOS Bergen 2015 mesocosm study
Seawater carbonate chemistry and environmental data, and nutrients of KOSMOS Bergen 2015 mesocosm study
The oceans' uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases seawater pH and alters the inorganic carbon speciation – summarized in the term ocean acidification (OA). Already today, coastal regions experience episodic pH events during which surface layer pH drops below values projected for the surface ocean at the end of the century. Future OA is expected to further enhance the intensity of these coastal extreme pH events. To evaluate the influence of such episodic OA events in coastal regions, we deployed eight pelagic mesocosms for 53 days in Raunefjord, Norway, and enclosed 56–61 m**3 of local seawater containing a natural plankton community under nutrient limited post-bloom conditions. Four mesocosms were enriched with CO2 to simulate extreme pCO2 levels of 1978-2069 μatm while the other four served as untreated controls. Here, we present results from multivariate analyses on OA-induced changes in the phyto-, micro-, and mesozooplankton community structure. Pronounced differences in the plankton community emerged early in the experiment, and were amplified by enhanced top-down control throughout the study period. The plankton groups responding most profoundly to high CO2 conditions were cyanobacteria (negative), chlorophyceae (negative), auto- and heterotrophic microzooplankton (negative), and a variety of mesozooplanktonic taxa, including copepoda (mixed), appendicularia (positive), hydrozoa (positive), fish larvae (positive), and gastropoda (negative). The restructuring of the community coincided with significant changes in the concentration and elemental stoichiometry of particulate organic matter. Results imply that extreme CO2 events can lead to a substantial reorganization of the planktonic food web, affecting multiple trophic levels from phytoplankton to primary and secondary consumers.
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2021-05-11.
Day of experiment, Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC), Community composition and diversity, Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation, Alkalinity, total, standard deviation, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018), Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation, Temperature, water, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, Prasinophyceae indeterminata, Cyanophyceae, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010, Carbon, organic, particulate, Mesocosm or benthocosm, pH, Mesocosm experiment, North Atlantic, Silicate, Carbonate ion, Field experiment, particulate ratio, standard deviation, Dinophyceae indeterminata, Chlorophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, KOSMOS_2015, Calcite saturation state, Nitrogen, water, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, Phosphate, Nitrogen, total, particulate, Particulate organic nitrogen particulate organic phosphorus ratio, Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, Phosphate, total particulate, Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation, Salinity, standard deviation, DATE TIME, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation, Calcite saturation state, standard deviation, Type, Chrysophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Prymnesiophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010), Primary production Photosynthesis, Event label, Carbonate system computation flag, Calculated using seacarb, Carbonate ion, standard deviation, pH, standard deviation, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018, pH, total scale, Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Cryptophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Carbon, Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Nitrogen, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio, particulate Phosphorus, Entire community, Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Biomass Abundance Elemental composition, Coast and continental shelf, Carbon, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, particulate ratio, Nitrate and Nitrite, Temperate, Salinity, Particulate organic nitrogen/particulate organic phosphorus ratio, Chlorophyll a, Nitrite, inorganic, Alkalinity, Nitrate, Aragonite saturation state, biomass as carbon, Mesocosm label, Alkalinity, total, total, Chrysophyceae indeterminata, Diatoms indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Particulate inorganic carbon particulate organic carbon ratio, Pelagos, Temperature, dissolved, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Diatoms indeterminata, Cyanophyceae, biomass as carbon, Carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Temperature, water, standard deviation, Earth System Research, Prymnesiophyceae indeterminata, Ammonium, Potentiometric titration, Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, organic, Phosphate, total, particulate, Prasinophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio, total particulate, Biogenic silica, Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICC, Bicarbonate ion, Chlorophyll a, standard deviation, Ratio, particulate, Carbon, total, particulate, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Dinophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Primary production/Photosynthesis, Cryptophyceae indeterminata, DATE/TIME, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, organic, particulate, particulate Nitrogen, Chlorophyceae indeterminata
Day of experiment, Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC), Community composition and diversity, Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation, Alkalinity, total, standard deviation, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018), Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation, Temperature, water, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, Prasinophyceae indeterminata, Cyanophyceae, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010, Carbon, organic, particulate, Mesocosm or benthocosm, pH, Mesocosm experiment, North Atlantic, Silicate, Carbonate ion, Field experiment, particulate ratio, standard deviation, Dinophyceae indeterminata, Chlorophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, KOSMOS_2015, Calcite saturation state, Nitrogen, water, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, Phosphate, Nitrogen, total, particulate, Particulate organic nitrogen particulate organic phosphorus ratio, Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, Phosphate, total particulate, Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation, Salinity, standard deviation, DATE TIME, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation, Calcite saturation state, standard deviation, Type, Chrysophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Prymnesiophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010), Primary production Photosynthesis, Event label, Carbonate system computation flag, Calculated using seacarb, Carbonate ion, standard deviation, pH, standard deviation, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018, pH, total scale, Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Cryptophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Carbon, Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Nitrogen, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio, particulate Phosphorus, Entire community, Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Biomass Abundance Elemental composition, Coast and continental shelf, Carbon, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, particulate ratio, Nitrate and Nitrite, Temperate, Salinity, Particulate organic nitrogen/particulate organic phosphorus ratio, Chlorophyll a, Nitrite, inorganic, Alkalinity, Nitrate, Aragonite saturation state, biomass as carbon, Mesocosm label, Alkalinity, total, total, Chrysophyceae indeterminata, Diatoms indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Particulate inorganic carbon particulate organic carbon ratio, Pelagos, Temperature, dissolved, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Diatoms indeterminata, Cyanophyceae, biomass as carbon, Carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Temperature, water, standard deviation, Earth System Research, Prymnesiophyceae indeterminata, Ammonium, Potentiometric titration, Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, organic, Phosphate, total, particulate, Prasinophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio, total particulate, Biogenic silica, Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICC, Bicarbonate ion, Chlorophyll a, standard deviation, Ratio, particulate, Carbon, total, particulate, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Dinophyceae indeterminata, biomass as carbon, Primary production/Photosynthesis, Cryptophyceae indeterminata, DATE/TIME, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, organic, particulate, particulate Nitrogen, Chlorophyceae indeterminata
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