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Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on disease severity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae on lettuce plants


Ferrocino, I.

Chitarra, W.

Pugliese, M.
Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on disease severity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae on lettuce plants
Abstract Climate change effects on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae (FOL) on lettuce plants grown under simulated climate change were studied. An artificial growing substrate was infested with FOL to reach a final concentration of 1 × 10 4 CFU g −1 of substrate. A non infested tank was used as control. Subsequently, 32 pots (2 l each) were prepared from the infested tank and other 32 pots were prepared from the non infested tank (control). Lettuce plants were then transplanted into the pots and grown in phytotrons under four simulated environmental conditions: (1) 800 ppm CO 2 , 22–26 °C; (2) 800 ppm CO 2 , 18–22 °C; (3) 400 ppm CO 2 , 22–26 °C and (4) 400 ppm CO 2 , 18–22 °C. Substrate samples were collected from each phytotron at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplanting. Plate counts, enzymatic assays, and polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of climate change on the microbial population. The abundance of Fusarium spp. and the severity of Fusarium wilt of lettuce varied significantly as a consequence of increased temperature (22–26 °C). Increased CO 2 levels showed no effect on the severity of Fusarium wilt of lettuce and on the abundance of Fusarium spp. On the other hand, the total bacterial abundance was reduced at elevated CO 2 concentration (800 ppm). PCR-DGGE fingerprints of the ascomycete community obtained from DNA directly extracted from infested substrate samples did not change as a consequence of elevated temperature and CO 2 . Enzymatic activities were not affected by the elevated CO 2 level. Our study indicates that the CO 2 concentration used in our experiment had no detectable impact on Fusarium wilt of lettuce. Only temperature influenced all observed parameters, but did not affect the fungal species diversity. Other factors, such as nutrient limitation and the effect of plant species needs further study.
- University of Turin Italy
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