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The aim of the work is to identify the impact of climate change on traditional types of natural resource use, which form the basis of traditional subsistence systems of indigenous peoples of the northern and Arctic regions of Yakutia. In particular, the research covers a number of uluses, where indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North of Yakutia compactly reside, who continue to preserve their traditional economic activities – reindeer herding, hunting, fishing and gathering. The main research methods and approaches used for writing this work are the statistical method, methods of systemic and comparative analysis, questionnaire survey, participant observation and in-depth interviewing. At this stage of the study, the authors present the results of the analysis of instrumental meteorological data on climate change tendencies in Yakutia in the period from 1968 to 2022. Based on the questionnaire survey and field materials, the observations and perceptions of the indigenous population related to climate change in the places of traditional habitation and the impact of these changes on traditional natural resource use were analysed. It is emphasized that the increasing climatic transformations cause legitimate concerns of indigenous people in the northern and Arctic regions for the future preservation of traditional natural resource use, at the same time as their readiness to adapt to rapid changes, taking into account their traditional knowledge, in particular used in reindeer herding increases. Цель работы – выявить воздействие климатических изменений на традиционные виды природопользования, составляющих основу традиционных систем жизнеобеспечения коренных жителей северных и арктических районов Якутии. В частности, исследованиями охвачены ряд улусов, где компактно проживают коренные малочисленные народы Севера Якутии, продолжающие сохранять традиционные виды хозяйственной деятельности – оленеводство, охота, рыболовство и собирательство. Основные методы и подходы исследования, примененные для написания данной работы, – это статистический метод, методы системно-сравнительного анализа, анкетного опроса, включенного наблюдения и глубинного интервьюирования. На данном этапе проведенного исследования авторами представлены результаты анализа инструментальных метеоданных о тенденциях изменения климата в Якутии в период с 1968 г. по 2022 г., на основе анкетного опроса и полевых материалов проанализированы наблюдения и восприятие коренного населения, связанные с изменением климата в местах традиционного проживания и влиянием этих изменений на традиционные виды природопользования. Подчеркнуто, что нарастающие климатические трансформации вызывают законную обеспокоенность коренных жителей северных и арктических районов за будущее сохранение традиционных видов природопользования, вместе с тем растет их готовность адаптироваться к быстрым изменениям с учетом их традиционных знаний, в частности используемых в оленеводстве. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 12 (138) 2023

Most of the world’s mountain glaciers have been retreating for more than a century in response to climate change. Glacier retreat is evident on all continents, and the rate of retreat has accelerated during recent decades. Accurate, spatially explicit information on the position of glacier margins over time is useful for analyzing patterns of glacier retreat and measuring reductions in glacier surface area. This information is also essential for evaluating how mountain ecosystems are evolving due to climate warming and the attendant glacier retreat. Here, we present a non-comprehensive spatially explicit dataset showing multiple positions of glacier fronts since the Little Ice Age (LIA) maxima, including many data from the pre-satellite era. The dataset is based on multiple historical archival records including topographical maps; repeated photographs, paintings, and aerial or satellite images with a supplement of geochronology; and own field data. We provide ESRI shapefiles showing 728 past positions of 94 glacier fronts from all continents, except Antarctica, covering the period between the Little Ice Age maxima and the present. On average, the time series span the past 190 years. From 2 to 46 past positions per glacier are depicted (on average: 7.8).

A natural holm oak forest was selectively thinned to test thinning as a tool to reduce tree mortality, increase productivity, and reverse the recent regression of the dominant species (Quercus ilex) induced by climate change. Thinning increased aboveground productivity and reduced stem mortality in this Mediterranean forest during four years just after thinning, contributing to the maintenance of forest functioning under changing climatic conditions. Q. ilex was the only species positively affected by the thinning: stem growth increased for all stem sizes, and mortality was significantly lower in thinned plots. On the contrary, mortality rates of Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo were not significantly lower. Stem growth increased for P. latifolia only in the smallest stem-size class. Our results highlight the suitability of selective thinning for improving the forest productivity and ensuring the conservation of Mediterranean coppices. Other benefits of selective thinning, such as a decrease in the risk of fire dispersion and an increase in the water supply for human populations, are also discussed.

The aim of the research presented in the article is to develop methods and means for integrated modeling of compact expanded capacity power lines. Algorithms for determining modes of electrical energy systems were used based on phase coordinates based on application of elements models in form of lacelike equivalent networks with fully-meshed topology. These models and methods were implemented in Fazonord-APC software application, ensuring modeling of EES sta-tionary modes, and determining strengths of electromagnetic fields generated by power lines of different design. We demonstrate results of modes and electromagnetic fields modeling on routes of 220 kV compact overhead power supply lines (COPL) with horizontal positioning of wires. For the purpose of comparison, similar calculations were performed for a typical overhead power line (TOPL). The modeling results allowed to formulate the following conclusions: when overall sections of COPL and TOPL are equal, the losses of active power in compact OPL are significantly lower; thus, when transmitted power is 375 MW, the losses in COPL are reduced by 45% compared to a typical 220 kV OPL; at compact OPL receiver end a lower unsymmetry is observed; COPL ensure better electromagnetic safety conditions; electrical field strength at a height of 1.8 m for COPL axis is less than a similar index for TOPL by approximately 1.5 times; magnetic field in the same point is reduced to 60%.

Microalgal lipid recovery for biodiesel production is currently considered suboptimal, but pre-treatment of algal biomass, the use of solvent mixtures and the positioning of transesterification can lead to increased yields. Here, the effect of various reportedly successful pre-treatments and solvent mixtures were directly compared to each other and combined with direct and indirect transesterification methods using the oleaginous microalga Tetraselmis sp. M8. Microwave and thermal pre-treatments were applied and the total lipid and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) recoveries were investigated. The application of pre-treatments increased FAME recovery through indirect transesterification when a Soxhlet system was used but they had no significant effect for direct transesterification. Gravimetric analyses of total lipids revealed that lipid recovery was highest when utilizing the chloroform-based Bligh and Dyer extraction method; however FAME yield was the highest when applying a Soxhlet system utilizing a solvent mixture of hexane-ethanol (3:1). Total lipid recovery did not necessarily correlate with the recovery of FAMEs. The highest FAME recovery was achieved from thermal or microwave pre-treated biomass followed by indirect transesterification through Soxhlet extraction. FAME recovery could be more than doubled (increase of up to 171%) under these conditions. We conclude that a simple thermal pre-treatment (80°C for 10 min) in combination with solvent mixture extraction through indirect transesterification may present a cost-effective and scalable option for large-scale lipid extraction from microalgae.