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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: AlNouss A.; Ibrahim M.; Al-Sobhi S.A.;

    Abstract Recovery of sales gas and natural gas liquid (NGL) is characterized by its high energy consumption and significant environmental impact. This study explores the effect of design alternatives for NGL recovery on economic, energy, and environmental metrics. Focus is given to the turbo-expanding separation method owing to its wide applicability and potential for improvements. The primary configurations of turbo-expanding systems were simulated using ASPEN HYSYS. The simulation results included mass and energy balances, unit sizing, and sensitivity analyses using what-if scenarios to improve the design of the base configuration. Other ASPENTech products, such as the ASPEN Process Economic Analyzer and ASPEN Energy Analyzer were utilized to carry out an economic evaluation and optimization of utilities. To illustrate the value of the proposed approach, a case study was analysed for the assessment of various design alternatives to process 84,000 kg/h (5000 kmol/h) of natural gas while accounting for and reconciling the economic, energy, and environmental objectives.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Cleaner P...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Cleaner P...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Cleaner Production
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Suryadevara V. Babu; Yuzhuo Li; M. Hariharaputhiran;

    Chemical mechanical polishing of copper and tantalum was performed using fumed amorphous silica abrasive particles dispersed in H2O2, Fe(NO3)3, and glycine solutions. Results showed that in DI water silica did not polish Cu but Ta had a relatively high polish rate. Cu polish rate decreased with increasing particle concentration in Fe(NO3)3-based slurries due to the adsorption of Fe3+ on the silica surface. Addition of H2O2 enhanced Cu polish rate but reduced Ta polish rate. The specific surface area of the particles played an important role in the removal of Ta and Cu, presumably due to some chemical bonding between the materials being polished and the silica particles.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Materials...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Materials Research
    Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Materials...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Materials Research
      Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mostefa Ghassoul;

    Previous studies have shown that sun tracking systems using single axis or dual axes tracking harvested more energy than fixed panels. Most of those studies were based on the light dependent resistors (LDR) with two or four LDRs depending whether single axis or dual axes is used. There are few concerns regarding those schemes. Because the LDRs are mounted on the same panel, they are continuously tracking the sun. As a result, their auxiliaries are drawing high currents; which means unnecessary consuming energy because of the continuous low speed rotation with many starts-stops; on top of this the heating problem due to high current consumption. Using LDRs only detects voltages not power whereas solar energy depends mainly on current where current is directly proportional to irradiation. As a result, and based on previous study, only about 85% of net energy is saved. They also suffer from the problem that each panel has got its own tracking. This study addresses those issues. The system is based on a PILOT-PANEL scheme, each equipped with a light to frequency converters (LTF). The advantage of LTF is that its output frequency is proportional to the irradiation which means proportional to power. The PILOT is small rod with its top in the W shape, where the first LTF is mounted on middle peak of the shape. The rod is driven by a micro-motor. The second LTF is mounted on the PANEL. The PILOT continuously tracks the sun. Every time the PILOT moves to a new position, a microcontroller reads both LTF's frequencies and compares them. If the difference is less than a pre-set value, the PANEL stays in the current position and the PILOT continues its tracking course. If the difference is bigger than the offset, the PANEL aligns itself with the PILOT. This process repeats itself during the course of the day. At the same time, another offline altitude angle tracking system comes into play. Because the range of the altitude angle in Bahrain is in the region of 35° between summer and winter, the microcontroller is programmed to move between four and eight time a year in steps of about 9°The technique has shown the extraction of 98.36% of continuous tracking with minimum energy consumption. This is certainly better than previous studies where the harvested energy is in the region of 85%. If continuous tracking represents 100%, at 1000 Hz (1.1 µW/cm2) offset, the extracted energy (as a percentage) was calculated to be 98.36%, at 4000 Hz (4.4 µW/cm2) offset, the energy was 95.41% and at 8000 Hz (8.8 µW/cm2) offset, the extracted energy was 79.9% and for fixed panel, it would be about 60%.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fuel Communicationsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Fuel Communications
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Fuel Communications
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    Fuel Communications
    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fuel Communicationsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Fuel Communications
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Fuel Communications
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Fuel Communications
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hasan Mehrjerdi; Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek; Shahram Jadid; Hedayat Saboori; +2 Authors

    Abstract Today, the microgrid is not a new concept, and its diverse benefits for the grid and also consumers have been proven. One of the effective ways to enhance penetration level of the microgrids is to improve economic affordability. This can be achieved by defining an optimal investment plan which has been studied for the several past decades. Previous researches have been proposed a model which used a set of typical values as input parameters of the components. As a result, the optimization results may not be fully implementable in practice. In this regard, this paper proposes a new planning model for a hybrid AC–DCmicrogrid which selects the best technology from a set of commercial models already available in the market in addition to optimally selecting the size (number) of each equipment. Among the microgrid equipment, this capability is considered for storage batteries and wind turbines considering their variety of parameters and market models. The proposed model, while linear, takes into account the various parameters of the equipment in addition to the reliability and emission constraints. Results of implementing the proposed model on a test case demonstrated that outputs of the proposed model are more applicable to real practical projects.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sustainable Energy G...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sustainable Energy G...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chao Gao; Yingdong Han; Kun Zhang; Tian Wei; +8 Authors

    AbstractDespite the outstanding optoelectronic properties of MoS2 and its analogues, synthesis of such materials with desired features including fewer layers, arbitrary hollow structures, and particularly specifically customized morphologies, via inorganic reactions has always been challenging. Herein, using predesigned lanthanide‐doped upconversion luminescent materials (e.g., NaYF4:Ln) as templates, arbitrary MoS2 hollow structures with precisely defined morphologies, widely variable dimensions, and very small shell thickness (≈2.5 nm) are readily constructed. Most importantly, integration of the near‐infrared‐responsive template significantly improves the photoresponse of up to 600 fold in device made of NaYF4:Yb/Er@MoS2 compared with that of MoS2 nanosheets under 980 nm laser illumination. Multichannel optoelectronic device is further fabricated by simply changing luminescent ions in the template, e.g., NaYF4:Er@MoS2, operating at 1532 nm light excitation with a 276‐fold photoresponse enhancement. The simple chemistry, easy operation, high reliability, variable morphologies, and wide universality represent the most important advantages of this novel strategy that has not been accessed before.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Advanced Sciencearrow_drop_down
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    Advanced Science
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Advanced Sciencearrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hasan Mehrjerdi;

    Abstract This paper designs an off-grid charging station for electric and hydrogen vehicles. Both the electric and hydrogen vehicles are charged at the same time. They appear as two electrical and hydrogen load demand on the charging station and the charging station is powered by solar panels. The output power of solar system is separated into two parts. On part of solar power is used to supply the electrical load demand (to charge the electric vehicles) and rest runs water electrolyzer and it will be converted to the hydrogen. The hydrogen is stored and it supplies the hydrogen load demand (to charge the hydrogen-burning vehicles). The uncertainty of parameters (solar energy, consumed power by electrical vehicles, and consumed power by hydrogen vehicles) is included and modeled. The fuel cell is added to the charging station to deal with such uncertainty. The fuel cell runs on hydrogen and produces electrical energy to supply electrical loading under uncertainties. The diesel generator is also added to the charging station as a supplementary generation. The problem is modeled as stochastic optimization programming and minimizes the investment and operational costs of solar and diesel systems. The introduced planning finds optimal rated powers of solar system and diesel generator, operation pattern for diesel generator and fuel cell, and the stored hydrogen. The results confirm that the cost of changing station is covered by investment cost of solar system (95%), operational cost of diesel generator (4.5%), and investment cost of diesel generator (0.5%). The fuel cell and diesel generator supply the load demand when the solar energy is zero. About 97% of solar energy will be converted to hydrogen and stored. The optimal operation of diesel generator reduces the cost approximately 15%.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
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    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Rong Sun; Yanbin Shen; Suibin Luo; Yan Jun Wan; +5 Authors

    The 3D-connected BaTiO3 network introduced into the polymer matrix improves polarization transmission and results in significantly enhanced permittivity and discharged energy density.

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    Authors: K. Ellithy;

    This paper investigates the effect of typical load model parameters on the static var compensator (SVC) stabilizers tuning. A proportional-Integral (PI) type stabilizer is considered and its gain-settings are tuned using the pole-placement technique to improve the damping of power systems. Tuning of SVC stabilizers (damping controllers) traditionally assumes that the system loads are voltage dependent with fixed parameters. However, the load parameters are generally uncertain. This uncertain behavior of the load parameters can de-tune the gains of the stabilizer; consequently the SVC stabilizer with fixed gain-settings can be adequate for some load parameters but contrarily can reduce system damping and contribute to system instability with loads having other parameters. The effect of typical load model parameters on the tuning gains of the SVC PI stabilizer is examined and it is found the load parameters have a considerable influence on the tuning gains. The time domain simulations performed on the system show that the SVC stabilizer tuned at fixed load parameters reduce the system damping under other load parameters and could lead system instability. 

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    The Journal of Engineering Research
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    The Journal of Engineering Research
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      The Journal of Engineering Research
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      The Journal of Engineering Research
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aisha Al-Rumaihi; Prakash Parthasarathy; Anabel Fernandez; Tareq Al‐Ansari; +4 Authors

    Une utilisation alternative et durable des déchets de fumier de chameau a été étudiée dans cette étude. Les caractéristiques de dégradation par pyrolyse de la bouse de chameau ont été étudiées à l'aide d'un analyseur thermogravimétrique et comparées au comportement de décomposition par gazéification de la bouse. Les analyses de pyrolyse ont été effectuées à des vitesses de chauffage de 10, 20 et 50 K/min de la température ambiante à 1173 K sous une atmosphère inerte de N2. La cinétique pyrolytique a été estimée à l'aide de différents modèles tels que Coats-Redfern, Friedman, Distributed activation energy, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa et Starink. Les valeurs moyennes de l'énergie d'activation étaient cohérentes (162–172 kJ/mol) pour tous les modèles. La comparaison de la cinétique de pyrolyse avec la cinétique de gazéification a indiqué que la bouse de chameau nécessite plus d'énergie d'activation pour la décomposition de la pyrolyse. Les valeurs estimées de l'énergie d'activation et l'équation de Kissinger ont été utilisées pour déterminer les propriétés thermodynamiques telles que l'énergie libre de Gibbs, l'enthalpie et l'entropie. L'énergie libre de Gibbs et les valeurs d'enthalpie de la dégradation par pyrolyse étaient plus faibles que dans le cas de la décomposition par gazéification. Les détails de ces paramètres cinétiques et propriétés thermodynamiques sont vitaux pour la conception et la fabrication des réacteurs de pyrolyse. En este estudio se ha investigado una utilización alternativa y sostenible de los desechos de estiércol de camello. Las características de degradación por pirólisis del estiércol de camello se han investigado utilizando un analizador termogravimétrico y se han comparado con el comportamiento de descomposición por gasificación del estiércol. Los análisis de pirólisis se realizaron a velocidades de calentamiento de 10, 20 y 50 K/min desde temperatura ambiente hasta 1173 K en una atmósfera inerte de N2. La cinética pirolítica se estimó utilizando diferentes modelos como Coats-Redfern, Friedman, energía de activación distribuida, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa y Starink. Los valores medios de energía de activación fueron consistentes (162–172 kJ/mol) para todos los modelos. La comparación de la cinética de la pirólisis con la cinética de la gasificación indicó que el estiércol de camello requiere más energía de activación para la descomposición de la pirólisis. Los valores estimados de energía de activación y la ecuación de Kissinger se utilizaron para determinar las propiedades termodinámicas como la energía libre de Gibbs, la entalpía y la entropía. Los valores de energía libre de Gibbs y entalpía de la degradación por pirólisis fueron menores que en el caso de la descomposición por gasificación. Los detalles de estos parámetros cinéticos y propiedades termodinámicas son vitales para el diseño y la fabricación de reactores de pirólisis. An alternate and sustainable utilisation of camel dung waste has been investigated in this study. The pyrolysis degradation characteristics of camel dung have been investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser and the same has been compared with the gasification decomposition behaviour of the dung. The pyrolysis analyses were performed at heating rates of 10, 20, and 50 K/min from room temperature to 1173 K under an inert N2 atmosphere. The pyrolytic kinetics were estimated using different models such as Coats-Redfern, Friedman, Distributed activation energy, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink. The average activation energy values were consistent (162–172 kJ/mol) for all the models. Comparison of pyrolysis kinetics with gasification kinetics indicated that the camel dung requires more activation energy for the pyrolysis decomposition. The estimated activation energy values and the Kissinger equation were used to determine the thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The Gibbs free energy and enthalpy values of the pyrolysis degradation were lower than in the case of the gasification decomposition. The details of these kinetic parameters and thermodynamic properties are vital for the design and fabrication of pyrolysis reactors. تم التحقيق في استخدام بديل ومستدام لنفايات روث الإبل في هذه الدراسة. تم التحقيق في خصائص تحلل الانحلال الحراري لروث الإبل باستخدام محلل قياس الجاذبية الحرارية وتمت مقارنة ذلك مع سلوك تحلل التغويز للروث. تم إجراء تحليلات الانحلال الحراري بمعدلات تسخين 10 و 20 و 50 كلفن/دقيقة من درجة حرارة الغرفة إلى 1173 كلفن تحت جو N2 خامل. تم تقدير حركية الانحلال الحراري باستخدام نماذج مختلفة مثل Coats - Redfern و Friedman و Distributed activation energy و Kissinger - Akahira - Sunose و Flynn - Wall - Ozawa و Starink. كان متوسط قيم طاقة التنشيط ثابتًا (162–172 كيلو جول/مول) لجميع النماذج. تشير مقارنة حركية الانحلال الحراري مع حركية التغويز إلى أن روث الجمل يتطلب المزيد من طاقة التنشيط لتحلل الانحلال الحراري. تم استخدام قيم طاقة التنشيط المقدرة ومعادلة كيسنجر لتحديد الخصائص الديناميكية الحرارية مثل طاقة جيبس الحرة، والمحتوى الحراري، والإنتروبيا. كانت قيم طاقة جيبس الحرة والمحتوى الحراري لتحلل الانحلال الحراري أقل مما كانت عليه في حالة تحلل التغويز. تعد تفاصيل هذه المعلمات الحركية والخصائص الديناميكية الحرارية حيوية لتصميم وتصنيع مفاعلات الانحلال الحراري.

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    Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/rn...
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Katsuyoshi Tanimizu; Reza Sadr;

    The heat transfer characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) turbulent flow were investigated experimentally in a horizontal circular pipe with an inner diameter of 8.7 mm. Local convection coefficients and Nusselt numbers of the flow were obtained at different locations along the pipe with a constant heat flux ranging from 16 to 64 kW/m2. Experiments were performed for fluid mass flow rate ranging from 0.011 to 0.017 kg/s, an inlet fluid temperature ranging from 24 to 28 °C, and a flow pressure ranging from 7.5 to 9.0 MPa to investigate their effects on the convection heat transfer in the pipe. Both enhancement as well as deterioration in the heat transfer coefficient was observed for the flow conditions examined in this work. Experimental results were then compared with the widely used empirical correlation for pipe flow. Three commonly used buoyancy parameters were utilized to investigate their applicability in the present test conditions. Results indicate that all the parameters show a strong presence of buoyancy effects in the present test conditions. The trend and magnitude of these parameters, however, do not agree with the trend and magnitude of heat transfer enhancement and deterioration along the pipe.

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    Heat and Mass Transfer
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Heat and Mass Transfer
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: AlNouss A.; Ibrahim M.; Al-Sobhi S.A.;

    Abstract Recovery of sales gas and natural gas liquid (NGL) is characterized by its high energy consumption and significant environmental impact. This study explores the effect of design alternatives for NGL recovery on economic, energy, and environmental metrics. Focus is given to the turbo-expanding separation method owing to its wide applicability and potential for improvements. The primary configurations of turbo-expanding systems were simulated using ASPEN HYSYS. The simulation results included mass and energy balances, unit sizing, and sensitivity analyses using what-if scenarios to improve the design of the base configuration. Other ASPENTech products, such as the ASPEN Process Economic Analyzer and ASPEN Energy Analyzer were utilized to carry out an economic evaluation and optimization of utilities. To illustrate the value of the proposed approach, a case study was analysed for the assessment of various design alternatives to process 84,000 kg/h (5000 kmol/h) of natural gas while accounting for and reconciling the economic, energy, and environmental objectives.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Cleaner P...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Cleaner P...arrow_drop_down
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Suryadevara V. Babu; Yuzhuo Li; M. Hariharaputhiran;

    Chemical mechanical polishing of copper and tantalum was performed using fumed amorphous silica abrasive particles dispersed in H2O2, Fe(NO3)3, and glycine solutions. Results showed that in DI water silica did not polish Cu but Ta had a relatively high polish rate. Cu polish rate decreased with increasing particle concentration in Fe(NO3)3-based slurries due to the adsorption of Fe3+ on the silica surface. Addition of H2O2 enhanced Cu polish rate but reduced Ta polish rate. The specific surface area of the particles played an important role in the removal of Ta and Cu, presumably due to some chemical bonding between the materials being polished and the silica particles.

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    Journal of Materials Research
    Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Materials...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Materials Research
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    Authors: Mostefa Ghassoul;

    Previous studies have shown that sun tracking systems using single axis or dual axes tracking harvested more energy than fixed panels. Most of those studies were based on the light dependent resistors (LDR) with two or four LDRs depending whether single axis or dual axes is used. There are few concerns regarding those schemes. Because the LDRs are mounted on the same panel, they are continuously tracking the sun. As a result, their auxiliaries are drawing high currents; which means unnecessary consuming energy because of the continuous low speed rotation with many starts-stops; on top of this the heating problem due to high current consumption. Using LDRs only detects voltages not power whereas solar energy depends mainly on current where current is directly proportional to irradiation. As a result, and based on previous study, only about 85% of net energy is saved. They also suffer from the problem that each panel has got its own tracking. This study addresses those issues. The system is based on a PILOT-PANEL scheme, each equipped with a light to frequency converters (LTF). The advantage of LTF is that its output frequency is proportional to the irradiation which means proportional to power. The PILOT is small rod with its top in the W shape, where the first LTF is mounted on middle peak of the shape. The rod is driven by a micro-motor. The second LTF is mounted on the PANEL. The PILOT continuously tracks the sun. Every time the PILOT moves to a new position, a microcontroller reads both LTF's frequencies and compares them. If the difference is less than a pre-set value, the PANEL stays in the current position and the PILOT continues its tracking course. If the difference is bigger than the offset, the PANEL aligns itself with the PILOT. This process repeats itself during the course of the day. At the same time, another offline altitude angle tracking system comes into play. Because the range of the altitude angle in Bahrain is in the region of 35° between summer and winter, the microcontroller is programmed to move between four and eight time a year in steps of about 9°The technique has shown the extraction of 98.36% of continuous tracking with minimum energy consumption. This is certainly better than previous studies where the harvested energy is in the region of 85%. If continuous tracking represents 100%, at 1000 Hz (1.1 µW/cm2) offset, the extracted energy (as a percentage) was calculated to be 98.36%, at 4000 Hz (4.4 µW/cm2) offset, the energy was 95.41% and at 8000 Hz (8.8 µW/cm2) offset, the extracted energy was 79.9% and for fixed panel, it would be about 60%.

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    Fuel Communications
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    Fuel Communications
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      Fuel Communications
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      Fuel Communications
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hasan Mehrjerdi; Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek; Shahram Jadid; Hedayat Saboori; +2 Authors

    Abstract Today, the microgrid is not a new concept, and its diverse benefits for the grid and also consumers have been proven. One of the effective ways to enhance penetration level of the microgrids is to improve economic affordability. This can be achieved by defining an optimal investment plan which has been studied for the several past decades. Previous researches have been proposed a model which used a set of typical values as input parameters of the components. As a result, the optimization results may not be fully implementable in practice. In this regard, this paper proposes a new planning model for a hybrid AC–DCmicrogrid which selects the best technology from a set of commercial models already available in the market in addition to optimally selecting the size (number) of each equipment. Among the microgrid equipment, this capability is considered for storage batteries and wind turbines considering their variety of parameters and market models. The proposed model, while linear, takes into account the various parameters of the equipment in addition to the reliability and emission constraints. Results of implementing the proposed model on a test case demonstrated that outputs of the proposed model are more applicable to real practical projects.

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    Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks
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    Authors: Chao Gao; Yingdong Han; Kun Zhang; Tian Wei; +8 Authors

    AbstractDespite the outstanding optoelectronic properties of MoS2 and its analogues, synthesis of such materials with desired features including fewer layers, arbitrary hollow structures, and particularly specifically customized morphologies, via inorganic reactions has always been challenging. Herein, using predesigned lanthanide‐doped upconversion luminescent materials (e.g., NaYF4:Ln) as templates, arbitrary MoS2 hollow structures with precisely defined morphologies, widely variable dimensions, and very small shell thickness (≈2.5 nm) are readily constructed. Most importantly, integration of the near‐infrared‐responsive template significantly improves the photoresponse of up to 600 fold in device made of NaYF4:Yb/Er@MoS2 compared with that of MoS2 nanosheets under 980 nm laser illumination. Multichannel optoelectronic device is further fabricated by simply changing luminescent ions in the template, e.g., NaYF4:Er@MoS2, operating at 1532 nm light excitation with a 276‐fold photoresponse enhancement. The simple chemistry, easy operation, high reliability, variable morphologies, and wide universality represent the most important advantages of this novel strategy that has not been accessed before.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hasan Mehrjerdi;

    Abstract This paper designs an off-grid charging station for electric and hydrogen vehicles. Both the electric and hydrogen vehicles are charged at the same time. They appear as two electrical and hydrogen load demand on the charging station and the charging station is powered by solar panels. The output power of solar system is separated into two parts. On part of solar power is used to supply the electrical load demand (to charge the electric vehicles) and rest runs water electrolyzer and it will be converted to the hydrogen. The hydrogen is stored and it supplies the hydrogen load demand (to charge the hydrogen-burning vehicles). The uncertainty of parameters (solar energy, consumed power by electrical vehicles, and consumed power by hydrogen vehicles) is included and modeled. The fuel cell is added to the charging station to deal with such uncertainty. The fuel cell runs on hydrogen and produces electrical energy to supply electrical loading under uncertainties. The diesel generator is also added to the charging station as a supplementary generation. The problem is modeled as stochastic optimization programming and minimizes the investment and operational costs of solar and diesel systems. The introduced planning finds optimal rated powers of solar system and diesel generator, operation pattern for diesel generator and fuel cell, and the stored hydrogen. The results confirm that the cost of changing station is covered by investment cost of solar system (95%), operational cost of diesel generator (4.5%), and investment cost of diesel generator (0.5%). The fuel cell and diesel generator supply the load demand when the solar energy is zero. About 97% of solar energy will be converted to hydrogen and stored. The optimal operation of diesel generator reduces the cost approximately 15%.

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    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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  • Authors: Rong Sun; Yanbin Shen; Suibin Luo; Yan Jun Wan; +5 Authors

    The 3D-connected BaTiO3 network introduced into the polymer matrix improves polarization transmission and results in significantly enhanced permittivity and discharged energy density.

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    Authors: K. Ellithy;

    This paper investigates the effect of typical load model parameters on the static var compensator (SVC) stabilizers tuning. A proportional-Integral (PI) type stabilizer is considered and its gain-settings are tuned using the pole-placement technique to improve the damping of power systems. Tuning of SVC stabilizers (damping controllers) traditionally assumes that the system loads are voltage dependent with fixed parameters. However, the load parameters are generally uncertain. This uncertain behavior of the load parameters can de-tune the gains of the stabilizer; consequently the SVC stabilizer with fixed gain-settings can be adequate for some load parameters but contrarily can reduce system damping and contribute to system instability with loads having other parameters. The effect of typical load model parameters on the tuning gains of the SVC PI stabilizer is examined and it is found the load parameters have a considerable influence on the tuning gains. The time domain simulations performed on the system show that the SVC stabilizer tuned at fixed load parameters reduce the system damping under other load parameters and could lead system instability. 

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    The Journal of Engineering Research
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    Authors: Aisha Al-Rumaihi; Prakash Parthasarathy; Anabel Fernandez; Tareq Al‐Ansari; +4 Authors

    Une utilisation alternative et durable des déchets de fumier de chameau a été étudiée dans cette étude. Les caractéristiques de dégradation par pyrolyse de la bouse de chameau ont été étudiées à l'aide d'un analyseur thermogravimétrique et comparées au comportement de décomposition par gazéification de la bouse. Les analyses de pyrolyse ont été effectuées à des vitesses de chauffage de 10, 20 et 50 K/min de la température ambiante à 1173 K sous une atmosphère inerte de N2. La cinétique pyrolytique a été estimée à l'aide de différents modèles tels que Coats-Redfern, Friedman, Distributed activation energy, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa et Starink. Les valeurs moyennes de l'énergie d'activation étaient cohérentes (162–172 kJ/mol) pour tous les modèles. La comparaison de la cinétique de pyrolyse avec la cinétique de gazéification a indiqué que la bouse de chameau nécessite plus d'énergie d'activation pour la décomposition de la pyrolyse. Les valeurs estimées de l'énergie d'activation et l'équation de Kissinger ont été utilisées pour déterminer les propriétés thermodynamiques telles que l'énergie libre de Gibbs, l'enthalpie et l'entropie. L'énergie libre de Gibbs et les valeurs d'enthalpie de la dégradation par pyrolyse étaient plus faibles que dans le cas de la décomposition par gazéification. Les détails de ces paramètres cinétiques et propriétés thermodynamiques sont vitaux pour la conception et la fabrication des réacteurs de pyrolyse. En este estudio se ha investigado una utilización alternativa y sostenible de los desechos de estiércol de camello. Las características de degradación por pirólisis del estiércol de camello se han investigado utilizando un analizador termogravimétrico y se han comparado con el comportamiento de descomposición por gasificación del estiércol. Los análisis de pirólisis se realizaron a velocidades de calentamiento de 10, 20 y 50 K/min desde temperatura ambiente hasta 1173 K en una atmósfera inerte de N2. La cinética pirolítica se estimó utilizando diferentes modelos como Coats-Redfern, Friedman, energía de activación distribuida, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa y Starink. Los valores medios de energía de activación fueron consistentes (162–172 kJ/mol) para todos los modelos. La comparación de la cinética de la pirólisis con la cinética de la gasificación indicó que el estiércol de camello requiere más energía de activación para la descomposición de la pirólisis. Los valores estimados de energía de activación y la ecuación de Kissinger se utilizaron para determinar las propiedades termodinámicas como la energía libre de Gibbs, la entalpía y la entropía. Los valores de energía libre de Gibbs y entalpía de la degradación por pirólisis fueron menores que en el caso de la descomposición por gasificación. Los detalles de estos parámetros cinéticos y propiedades termodinámicas son vitales para el diseño y la fabricación de reactores de pirólisis. An alternate and sustainable utilisation of camel dung waste has been investigated in this study. The pyrolysis degradation characteristics of camel dung have been investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser and the same has been compared with the gasification decomposition behaviour of the dung. The pyrolysis analyses were performed at heating rates of 10, 20, and 50 K/min from room temperature to 1173 K under an inert N2 atmosphere. The pyrolytic kinetics were estimated using different models such as Coats-Redfern, Friedman, Distributed activation energy, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink. The average activation energy values were consistent (162–172 kJ/mol) for all the models. Comparison of pyrolysis kinetics with gasification kinetics indicated that the camel dung requires more activation energy for the pyrolysis decomposition. The estimated activation energy values and the Kissinger equation were used to determine the thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The Gibbs free energy and enthalpy values of the pyrolysis degradation were lower than in the case of the gasification decomposition. The details of these kinetic parameters and thermodynamic properties are vital for the design and fabrication of pyrolysis reactors. تم التحقيق في استخدام بديل ومستدام لنفايات روث الإبل في هذه الدراسة. تم التحقيق في خصائص تحلل الانحلال الحراري لروث الإبل باستخدام محلل قياس الجاذبية الحرارية وتمت مقارنة ذلك مع سلوك تحلل التغويز للروث. تم إجراء تحليلات الانحلال الحراري بمعدلات تسخين 10 و 20 و 50 كلفن/دقيقة من درجة حرارة الغرفة إلى 1173 كلفن تحت جو N2 خامل. تم تقدير حركية الانحلال الحراري باستخدام نماذج مختلفة مثل Coats - Redfern و Friedman و Distributed activation energy و Kissinger - Akahira - Sunose و Flynn - Wall - Ozawa و Starink. كان متوسط قيم طاقة التنشيط ثابتًا (162–172 كيلو جول/مول) لجميع النماذج. تشير مقارنة حركية الانحلال الحراري مع حركية التغويز إلى أن روث الجمل يتطلب المزيد من طاقة التنشيط لتحلل الانحلال الحراري. تم استخدام قيم طاقة التنشيط المقدرة ومعادلة كيسنجر لتحديد الخصائص الديناميكية الحرارية مثل طاقة جيبس الحرة، والمحتوى الحراري، والإنتروبيا. كانت قيم طاقة جيبس الحرة والمحتوى الحراري لتحلل الانحلال الحراري أقل مما كانت عليه في حالة تحلل التغويز. تعد تفاصيل هذه المعلمات الحركية والخصائص الديناميكية الحرارية حيوية لتصميم وتصنيع مفاعلات الانحلال الحراري.

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    Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Environme...arrow_drop_down
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      Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/rn...
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Katsuyoshi Tanimizu; Reza Sadr;

    The heat transfer characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) turbulent flow were investigated experimentally in a horizontal circular pipe with an inner diameter of 8.7 mm. Local convection coefficients and Nusselt numbers of the flow were obtained at different locations along the pipe with a constant heat flux ranging from 16 to 64 kW/m2. Experiments were performed for fluid mass flow rate ranging from 0.011 to 0.017 kg/s, an inlet fluid temperature ranging from 24 to 28 °C, and a flow pressure ranging from 7.5 to 9.0 MPa to investigate their effects on the convection heat transfer in the pipe. Both enhancement as well as deterioration in the heat transfer coefficient was observed for the flow conditions examined in this work. Experimental results were then compared with the widely used empirical correlation for pipe flow. Three commonly used buoyancy parameters were utilized to investigate their applicability in the present test conditions. Results indicate that all the parameters show a strong presence of buoyancy effects in the present test conditions. The trend and magnitude of these parameters, however, do not agree with the trend and magnitude of heat transfer enhancement and deterioration along the pipe.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Heat and Mass Transf...arrow_drop_down
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    Heat and Mass Transfer
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Heat and Mass Transf...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Heat and Mass Transfer
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
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