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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:EC | SALTOpowerEC| SALTOpowerSteinbrecher, Julian; Hanke, Andrea; Braun, Markus; Bauer, Thomas; Bonk, Alexander;Thermal Energy Storage (TES) based on molten salts is thought to play a major role for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy carriers in the future. Solar Salt, a mixture of NaNO3–KNO3 is currently the state-of-the-art heat transfer and storage material in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants which produce electricity from a Rankine cycle with steam temperatures up to 550 °C. To allow a technology transfer and adapt Solar Salt based TES systems to modern, high temperature Rankine cycles (e.g. Tsteam > 600 °C), the thermal stability of Solar Salt needs to be increased well above 615 °C. At these temperatures, the formation of nitrites, which depends on the oxygen partial pressure above the melt, needs to be suppressed effectively to prevent further decomposition into corrosive oxide ions. In this work, the thermodynamics of the nitrite-forming reaction at different oxygen partial pressure are explored in a temperature range up to 650 °C from isothermal experiments in the 100 g-scale and limitations of the ideal description are revealed. The measured apparent oxide ion formation rates at 100 g-scale were below previous findings. The activation energy found was 60 ± 15 and the preexponential factor. The effect of closing the storage system in terms of gas and salt phase at 645 °C are also explored to understand if and how pressure formation and oxygen release correlate. The results of this work finally contribute to an understanding of the decomposition reactions of Solar Salt at previously untouched temperatures.
ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112411&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu14 citations 14 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112411&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021 Germany, GermanyPublisher:Wiley Authors: Bauer, Thomas; Odenthal, Christian; Bonk, Alexander;AbstractStorage of electrical energy is a key technology for a future climate‐neutral energy supply with volatile photovoltaic and wind generation. Besides the well‐known technologies of pumped hydro, power‐to‐gas‐to‐power and batteries, the contribution of thermal energy storage is rather unknown. At the end of 2019 the worldwide power generation capacity from molten salt storage in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants was 21 GWhel. This article gives an overview of molten salt storage in CSP and new potential fields for decarbonization such as industrial processes, conventional power plants and electrical energy storage.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/cite.202000137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 115 citations 115 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/cite.202000137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:EC | SALTOpowerEC| SALTOpowerKunkel, Sebastian; Klasing, Freerk; Hanke, Andrea; Bauer, Thomas; Bonk, Alexander;With focus on a higher heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency, future developments in the field of thermal energy storage are aiming at higher operational temperatures. For that, increased decomposition rates of nitrate and nitrite are the limiting factor. Until now only small-scale laboratory experiments have been performed at temperatures above 565 °C. This study presents the to our knowledge for the first-time experiment on the thermal stability of Solar Salt (60 wt-% NaNO3, 40 wt-% KNO3) at temperatures up to 600 °C with synthetic air purge gas flow in a 100 kg scale. The key to the received data is a build-in gas system with direct gas analyzer, a sample extraction system and post-analysis of salt samples, that allows determination of molten salt decomposition products. Our research provides clear evidence of the feasibility in elevating the reactor temperature to 600 °C.
ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112412&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112412&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2019 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Ding, Wenjin; Shi, Hao; Jianu, Adrian; Xiu, Yanlei; Bonk, Alexander; Weisenburger, Alfons; Bauer, Thomas;Abstract Molten chloride salts are promising advanced high-temperature (400–800 °C) thermal energy storage (TES) and heat transfer fluid (HTF) materials in next generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plants for higher energy conversion efficiencies. However, severe corrosion of structural materials in contact with molten chloride salts is one of the most critical challenges limiting their applications at elevated temperatures. In this work, two corrosion mitigation strategies are investigated to alleviate the hot corrosion of structural materials in molten chloride salts: (1) adding corrosion inhibitor and (2) using a Fe-Cr-Al alloy with a protective alumina layer on the surface after pre-oxidation. Three commercial high temperature Fe-Cr-Ni alloys (SS 310, Incoloy® 800 H and Hastelloy® C-276) were exposed to molten MgCl2-NaCl-KCl (60–20–20 mol%) mixed salts with 1 wt% Mg as corrosion inhibitor, for 500 h at 700 °C under inert atmosphere. By addition of the Mg inhibitor, the corrosion rates of the studied alloys were found to be significantly reduced, more precisely by ~ 83% for SS 310, ~ 70% for In 800 H and ~ 94% for Ha C-276 compared with the exposure tests without Mg addition. The corrosion mitigation mechanism of Fe-Cr-Ni based alloys in molten chloride salts by adding Mg is discussed based on corrosion thermodynamics. To assess the second mitigation strategy two pre-oxidized alumina forming Fe-Cr-Al alloys were exposed to the same molten chloride salts without Mg corrosion inhibitor under the same conditions. It is observed that the adherent alumina scales can effectively inhibit the dissolution of Cr and Fe and the bulk penetration of corrosive impurities. Overall, both strategies offer enormous potential for enhancing the expected lifetime of commercial alloys in molten chloride salts.
KITopen (Karlsruhe I... arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2019Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.020&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 164 citations 164 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert KITopen (Karlsruhe I... arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2019Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.020&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2018 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Martin, Claudia; Bonk, Alexander; Braun, Markus; Odenthal, Christian; Bauer, Thomas;Abstract Solar thermal power plants with integrated thermal storage are candidates for renewable energy production concepts. For cost reduction of thermal energy storage a single tank concept, the so called thermocline storage concept, instead of the two-tank molten salt thermal storage is as promising cost reduction option. Further cost reductions in the thermocline storage are expected by replacing a significant amount of Solar Salt by a low cost filler material. Such filler materials have to be stable in molten salt at temperatures up to 560 °C. In this work degradation studies on quartzite and basalt types in molten salt are carried out after a preselection has been published elsewhere recently. The investigations are focused on the compatibility of natural stones with Solar Salt, a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, as common heat storage material. This work addresses changes of the molten salt properties and in the microstructure of the natural stones depending on the exposure time in molten salt at temperatures of approximately 560 °C. In the first step of the material investigation the natural stones were isothermally stored in Solar Salt at a maximum temperature of 560 °C for up to 10.000 h. After the thermal treatment the microstructure of the stones was investigated by QEMSCAN (Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning electron microscopy). By means of this analysis method the changes in the microstructure of quartzite and basalt was detected and arising stone components are identified. The melting temperature und enthalpy of Solar Salt was measured and compared with the salt properties before the thermal treatment. Additionally, the specific heat capacities of basalt and quartzite depending on the temperature were determined. The results are essential to verify the suitability of quartzite and basalt as potential filler materials in modern thermocline storage concepts.
Solar Energy arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.090&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Solar Energy arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.090&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Other literature type , Journal 2021 GermanyPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Steinbrecher, Julian; Bonk, Alexander; Sötz, Veronika Anna; Bauer, Thomas;The scope of our study was to examine the potential of regeneration mechanisms of an aged molten Solar Salt (nitrite, oxide impurity) by utilization of reactive gas species (nitrous gases, oxygen). Initially, aging of Solar Salt (60 wt% NaNO3, 40 wt% KNO3) was mimicked by supplementing the decomposition products, sodium nitrite and sodium peroxide, to the nitrate salt mixture. The impact of different reactive purge gas compositions on the regeneration of Solar Salt was elaborated. Purging the molten salt with a synthetic air (p(O2) = 0.2 atm) gas stream containing NO (200 ppm), the oxide ion concentration was effectively reduced. Increasing the oxygen partial pressure (p(O2) = 0.8 atm, 200 ppm NO) resulted in even lower oxide ion equilibrium concentrations. To our knowledge, this investigation is the first to present evidence of the regeneration of an oxide rich molten Solar Salt, and reveals the huge impact of reactive gases on Solar Salt reaction chemistry.
Materials arrow_drop_down MaterialsOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5664/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/ma14195664&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Materials arrow_drop_down MaterialsOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5664/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/ma14195664&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object , Other literature type 2020 GermanyBonk, Alexander; Braun, Markus; Hanke, Andrea; Sötz, Veronika; Bauer, Thomas;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::e17a708504549654666420a8e4df761a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::e17a708504549654666420a8e4df761a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2020 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Bonk, Alexander; Knoblauch, Nicole; Braun, Markus; Bauer, Thomas; Schmücker, Martin;Abstract The implementation of inexpensive scalable thermal energy storage will play a crucial role in the successful establishment of dispatchable renewable energy technologies. Storage based on molten nitrate salts is one of the most relevant technologies implemented in the GWh-scale. Yet, there is significant cost reduction potential in replacing the conventional two-tank system by a single-tank thermocline system. The latter involves the use of a single-tank design where a large fraction of the costly salt is replaced by an inexpensive filler material. Industrial waste materials such as AlferRock (red-mud-derived Fe2O3-rich ceramics), have significant potential since they are readily available in the Mt-range and have adequate thermal and mechanical resistance at the intended temperature of use. This study explicitly investigates the corrosion resistance of AlferRock in Solar Salt, 60% NaNO3-40% KNO3 mixture, at 560 °C. By variation of particle sizes classical exposure tests as well as accelerated test methods can be applied to understand the long-term stability of this waste material under relevant conditions. Salt chemistry and compositional changes in the filler are analyzed in terms of ion chromatography, titration, diffraction techniques (XRD) as well as electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with element mapping (EDX).
DLR publication serv... arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110578&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert DLR publication serv... arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110578&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object , Other literature type GermanyAuthors: Bonk, Alexander; Ding, Wenjin; Bauer, Thomas;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::a20330256ed9723d9d66386553509926&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::a20330256ed9723d9d66386553509926&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2018 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Bonk, Alexander; Sau, Salvatore; Uranga, Nerea; Hernaiz, Marta; Bauer, Thomas;Abstract Concentrating solar power coupled to thermal energy storage (TES) is a vastly growing industrial process allowing for the generation of dispatchable and green electricity. This paper focuses on direct molten salt line-focusing technology using linear Fresnel and parabolic trough collector systems. Direct molten salt technology utilizes molten salt as heat transfer fluid in solar field and TES medium. Nitrate salts can be applied since they cover a wide temperature range. As storage medium Solar Salt, a binary NaNO 3 − KNO 3 (60–40 wt%) mixture, is most commonly used but variations of this system have promising thermal properties in terms of a lower melting temperature to minimize the risk of undesired salt freezing events. These modified salts are typically ternary, ternary reciprocal or higher order systems formed by adding additional cations, anions or both. In this study five molten salt systems Solar Salt, HitecXL (CaKNa//NO3), LiNaK-Nitrate, Hitec (NaK//NO23) and CaLiNaK//NO23 are both investigated and critically reviewed. Their thermo-physical properties including phase diagrams, composition, melting ranges, melting temperature, minimum operation temperature, thermal stability, maximum operation temperature, density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity and handling are evaluated and the most recommended values are discussed and highlighted. This review contributes to a better understanding of how the listed properties can be determined in terms of measurement conditions and provides temperature dependent data useful for future simulations of direct molten salt LF CSP plants.
Progress in Energy a... arrow_drop_down Progress in Energy and Combustion ScienceArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.pecs.2018.02.002&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu196 citations 196 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Progress in Energy a... arrow_drop_down Progress in Energy and Combustion ScienceArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.pecs.2018.02.002&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:EC | SALTOpowerEC| SALTOpowerSteinbrecher, Julian; Hanke, Andrea; Braun, Markus; Bauer, Thomas; Bonk, Alexander;Thermal Energy Storage (TES) based on molten salts is thought to play a major role for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy carriers in the future. Solar Salt, a mixture of NaNO3–KNO3 is currently the state-of-the-art heat transfer and storage material in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants which produce electricity from a Rankine cycle with steam temperatures up to 550 °C. To allow a technology transfer and adapt Solar Salt based TES systems to modern, high temperature Rankine cycles (e.g. Tsteam > 600 °C), the thermal stability of Solar Salt needs to be increased well above 615 °C. At these temperatures, the formation of nitrites, which depends on the oxygen partial pressure above the melt, needs to be suppressed effectively to prevent further decomposition into corrosive oxide ions. In this work, the thermodynamics of the nitrite-forming reaction at different oxygen partial pressure are explored in a temperature range up to 650 °C from isothermal experiments in the 100 g-scale and limitations of the ideal description are revealed. The measured apparent oxide ion formation rates at 100 g-scale were below previous findings. The activation energy found was 60 ± 15 and the preexponential factor. The effect of closing the storage system in terms of gas and salt phase at 645 °C are also explored to understand if and how pressure formation and oxygen release correlate. The results of this work finally contribute to an understanding of the decomposition reactions of Solar Salt at previously untouched temperatures.
ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112411&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu14 citations 14 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112411&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021 Germany, GermanyPublisher:Wiley Authors: Bauer, Thomas; Odenthal, Christian; Bonk, Alexander;AbstractStorage of electrical energy is a key technology for a future climate‐neutral energy supply with volatile photovoltaic and wind generation. Besides the well‐known technologies of pumped hydro, power‐to‐gas‐to‐power and batteries, the contribution of thermal energy storage is rather unknown. At the end of 2019 the worldwide power generation capacity from molten salt storage in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants was 21 GWhel. This article gives an overview of molten salt storage in CSP and new potential fields for decarbonization such as industrial processes, conventional power plants and electrical energy storage.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/cite.202000137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 115 citations 115 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/cite.202000137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:EC | SALTOpowerEC| SALTOpowerKunkel, Sebastian; Klasing, Freerk; Hanke, Andrea; Bauer, Thomas; Bonk, Alexander;With focus on a higher heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency, future developments in the field of thermal energy storage are aiming at higher operational temperatures. For that, increased decomposition rates of nitrate and nitrite are the limiting factor. Until now only small-scale laboratory experiments have been performed at temperatures above 565 °C. This study presents the to our knowledge for the first-time experiment on the thermal stability of Solar Salt (60 wt-% NaNO3, 40 wt-% KNO3) at temperatures up to 600 °C with synthetic air purge gas flow in a 100 kg scale. The key to the received data is a build-in gas system with direct gas analyzer, a sample extraction system and post-analysis of salt samples, that allows determination of molten salt decomposition products. Our research provides clear evidence of the feasibility in elevating the reactor temperature to 600 °C.
ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112412&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert ZENODO arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112412&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2019 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Ding, Wenjin; Shi, Hao; Jianu, Adrian; Xiu, Yanlei; Bonk, Alexander; Weisenburger, Alfons; Bauer, Thomas;Abstract Molten chloride salts are promising advanced high-temperature (400–800 °C) thermal energy storage (TES) and heat transfer fluid (HTF) materials in next generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plants for higher energy conversion efficiencies. However, severe corrosion of structural materials in contact with molten chloride salts is one of the most critical challenges limiting their applications at elevated temperatures. In this work, two corrosion mitigation strategies are investigated to alleviate the hot corrosion of structural materials in molten chloride salts: (1) adding corrosion inhibitor and (2) using a Fe-Cr-Al alloy with a protective alumina layer on the surface after pre-oxidation. Three commercial high temperature Fe-Cr-Ni alloys (SS 310, Incoloy® 800 H and Hastelloy® C-276) were exposed to molten MgCl2-NaCl-KCl (60–20–20 mol%) mixed salts with 1 wt% Mg as corrosion inhibitor, for 500 h at 700 °C under inert atmosphere. By addition of the Mg inhibitor, the corrosion rates of the studied alloys were found to be significantly reduced, more precisely by ~ 83% for SS 310, ~ 70% for In 800 H and ~ 94% for Ha C-276 compared with the exposure tests without Mg addition. The corrosion mitigation mechanism of Fe-Cr-Ni based alloys in molten chloride salts by adding Mg is discussed based on corrosion thermodynamics. To assess the second mitigation strategy two pre-oxidized alumina forming Fe-Cr-Al alloys were exposed to the same molten chloride salts without Mg corrosion inhibitor under the same conditions. It is observed that the adherent alumina scales can effectively inhibit the dissolution of Cr and Fe and the bulk penetration of corrosive impurities. Overall, both strategies offer enormous potential for enhancing the expected lifetime of commercial alloys in molten chloride salts.
KITopen (Karlsruhe I... arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2019Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.020&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 164 citations 164 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert KITopen (Karlsruhe I... arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2019Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.020&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2018 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Martin, Claudia; Bonk, Alexander; Braun, Markus; Odenthal, Christian; Bauer, Thomas;Abstract Solar thermal power plants with integrated thermal storage are candidates for renewable energy production concepts. For cost reduction of thermal energy storage a single tank concept, the so called thermocline storage concept, instead of the two-tank molten salt thermal storage is as promising cost reduction option. Further cost reductions in the thermocline storage are expected by replacing a significant amount of Solar Salt by a low cost filler material. Such filler materials have to be stable in molten salt at temperatures up to 560 °C. In this work degradation studies on quartzite and basalt types in molten salt are carried out after a preselection has been published elsewhere recently. The investigations are focused on the compatibility of natural stones with Solar Salt, a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, as common heat storage material. This work addresses changes of the molten salt properties and in the microstructure of the natural stones depending on the exposure time in molten salt at temperatures of approximately 560 °C. In the first step of the material investigation the natural stones were isothermally stored in Solar Salt at a maximum temperature of 560 °C for up to 10.000 h. After the thermal treatment the microstructure of the stones was investigated by QEMSCAN (Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning electron microscopy). By means of this analysis method the changes in the microstructure of quartzite and basalt was detected and arising stone components are identified. The melting temperature und enthalpy of Solar Salt was measured and compared with the salt properties before the thermal treatment. Additionally, the specific heat capacities of basalt and quartzite depending on the temperature were determined. The results are essential to verify the suitability of quartzite and basalt as potential filler materials in modern thermocline storage concepts.
Solar Energy arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.090&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen bronze 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Solar Energy arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.090&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Other literature type , Journal 2021 GermanyPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Steinbrecher, Julian; Bonk, Alexander; Sötz, Veronika Anna; Bauer, Thomas;The scope of our study was to examine the potential of regeneration mechanisms of an aged molten Solar Salt (nitrite, oxide impurity) by utilization of reactive gas species (nitrous gases, oxygen). Initially, aging of Solar Salt (60 wt% NaNO3, 40 wt% KNO3) was mimicked by supplementing the decomposition products, sodium nitrite and sodium peroxide, to the nitrate salt mixture. The impact of different reactive purge gas compositions on the regeneration of Solar Salt was elaborated. Purging the molten salt with a synthetic air (p(O2) = 0.2 atm) gas stream containing NO (200 ppm), the oxide ion concentration was effectively reduced. Increasing the oxygen partial pressure (p(O2) = 0.8 atm, 200 ppm NO) resulted in even lower oxide ion equilibrium concentrations. To our knowledge, this investigation is the first to present evidence of the regeneration of an oxide rich molten Solar Salt, and reveals the huge impact of reactive gases on Solar Salt reaction chemistry.
Materials arrow_drop_down MaterialsOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5664/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/ma14195664&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Materials arrow_drop_down MaterialsOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5664/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/ma14195664&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object , Other literature type 2020 GermanyBonk, Alexander; Braun, Markus; Hanke, Andrea; Sötz, Veronika; Bauer, Thomas;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::e17a708504549654666420a8e4df761a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::e17a708504549654666420a8e4df761a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2020 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Bonk, Alexander; Knoblauch, Nicole; Braun, Markus; Bauer, Thomas; Schmücker, Martin;Abstract The implementation of inexpensive scalable thermal energy storage will play a crucial role in the successful establishment of dispatchable renewable energy technologies. Storage based on molten nitrate salts is one of the most relevant technologies implemented in the GWh-scale. Yet, there is significant cost reduction potential in replacing the conventional two-tank system by a single-tank thermocline system. The latter involves the use of a single-tank design where a large fraction of the costly salt is replaced by an inexpensive filler material. Industrial waste materials such as AlferRock (red-mud-derived Fe2O3-rich ceramics), have significant potential since they are readily available in the Mt-range and have adequate thermal and mechanical resistance at the intended temperature of use. This study explicitly investigates the corrosion resistance of AlferRock in Solar Salt, 60% NaNO3-40% KNO3 mixture, at 560 °C. By variation of particle sizes classical exposure tests as well as accelerated test methods can be applied to understand the long-term stability of this waste material under relevant conditions. Salt chemistry and compositional changes in the filler are analyzed in terms of ion chromatography, titration, diffraction techniques (XRD) as well as electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with element mapping (EDX).
DLR publication serv... arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110578&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert DLR publication serv... arrow_drop_down Solar Energy Materials and Solar CellsArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110578&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object , Other literature type GermanyAuthors: Bonk, Alexander; Ding, Wenjin; Bauer, Thomas;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::a20330256ed9723d9d66386553509926&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1640::a20330256ed9723d9d66386553509926&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2018 GermanyPublisher:Elsevier BV Bonk, Alexander; Sau, Salvatore; Uranga, Nerea; Hernaiz, Marta; Bauer, Thomas;Abstract Concentrating solar power coupled to thermal energy storage (TES) is a vastly growing industrial process allowing for the generation of dispatchable and green electricity. This paper focuses on direct molten salt line-focusing technology using linear Fresnel and parabolic trough collector systems. Direct molten salt technology utilizes molten salt as heat transfer fluid in solar field and TES medium. Nitrate salts can be applied since they cover a wide temperature range. As storage medium Solar Salt, a binary NaNO 3 − KNO 3 (60–40 wt%) mixture, is most commonly used but variations of this system have promising thermal properties in terms of a lower melting temperature to minimize the risk of undesired salt freezing events. These modified salts are typically ternary, ternary reciprocal or higher order systems formed by adding additional cations, anions or both. In this study five molten salt systems Solar Salt, HitecXL (CaKNa//NO3), LiNaK-Nitrate, Hitec (NaK//NO23) and CaLiNaK//NO23 are both investigated and critically reviewed. Their thermo-physical properties including phase diagrams, composition, melting ranges, melting temperature, minimum operation temperature, thermal stability, maximum operation temperature, density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity and handling are evaluated and the most recommended values are discussed and highlighted. This review contributes to a better understanding of how the listed properties can be determined in terms of measurement conditions and provides temperature dependent data useful for future simulations of direct molten salt LF CSP plants.
Progress in Energy a... arrow_drop_down Progress in Energy and Combustion ScienceArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.pecs.2018.02.002&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu196 citations 196 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Progress in Energy a... arrow_drop_down Progress in Energy and Combustion ScienceArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Elsevier TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.pecs.2018.02.002&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu