• Energy Research
• 2021-2025close
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The study results of the snow load values’ high-altitude dynamics, the snow cover weight value and its change with height for the designed objects of all-season tourist and recreational complex “Elbrus” at the altitudes from 2000 m to 3840.6 m are presented. Monthly measurements of the snow cover height have been carried out at various heights for this purpose. Based on the results of the snow cover height and density obtained values, a linear regression model of water content dependence in the snow cover on the height above sea level has been built. The main calculation method for finding the linear equation coefficients is the least squares technique. The calculated values of the snow cover weight on 1 m2 earth surface of different coverage have been obtained. Its value at an altitude of 3500 m above sea level is 10,42 kPa at 2% coverage and 11.16 kPa at 1% coverage.

The article discusses the problems associated with the tourism industry and the hotel business during the pandemic. A study was carried out and relevant conclusions were presented on how the pandemic affected the hotel business in Europe and Russia. The authors examined and analyzed in detail the indicators of forecasts in the sphere of the Russian hotel business, particularly in the regions. The authors paid special attention to the study of open public spaces and conducted a detailed analysis, which made it possible to identify the opportunities for the development of the hotel business. In the article the main trends of a pandemic and post-pandemic are studied – the need to reinforce sanitary measures. The research focuses on identifying the features of the economic state of the regions during the pandemic. The authors developed and substantiated the areas that are relevant, useful and applicable for the hotel business; revealed the features of the process of restoration of the hotel business. Special attention is paid to the study of state support measures; the features of their further actualization for the development of the tourism industry are presented. The authors have proposed the ways to overcome the crisis, contributing to a slow, but accurate and safe recovery of the hotel business and an increase in demand.

Power generation from Photovoltaic (PV) modules is the best way to utilize the renewable energy in many places. The output of the PV modules will depends on many factors including changes in solar irradiance, temperature, partial shading conditions, operating voltage across terminals of module etc. Apart from operating voltage of PV modules, remaining all factors are depending on nature which we cannot change easily. Hence obtaining an effective voltage regulation of terminals to achieve maximum power from PV module is very important for best utilization. There are many existing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mechanisms on PV systems but an effective integrating mechanism is required to achieve the best operation under all possible conditions. Artificial neural network (ANN) can able to produce best reference signal corresponding to maximum power location under various random changes very quickly. In other hand, sliding mode controller (SMC) is able to force the boost converter to deliver the best output voltage with fewer ripples under variable input voltage. Fastest response with fewer ripples in dc voltage can help to harvest maximum energy from PV panels. Therefore, integration of ANN with SMC can prepare the MPPT converter to deliver more energy under random changes in irradiance and temperature. The performance of ANN associated SMC for boost converter based MPPT of the PV system is presented in this paper. In order to obtain more realistic response, Hardware-in the-Loop (HIL) is established for proposed system with the help of two OPAL-RT modules. Extensive results by using HIL are presented and discussed under various case studies to enhance the proposed method.

Many non-electrified rural communities find it challenging to follow a precise scientific protocol to assess the feasibility of installing a wind turbine on their site. The objective of the present work is to define a clear protocol for the assessment of wind potential of a rural site. The case of Logone Birni (LB) is taken as a case study. For this purpose, a protocol, integrating the wind parameters of the site have been used to calculate the wind power density, annual energy yield, and capacity factors at 10, 30, and 50 m height using 15 years data. The wind frequency distribution including seasonal has been investigated to determine accurately the wind power of the site. The coefficient of variation is calculated at three different heights. Also, an economic assessment per kWh of energy has been carried out. The results of this study show that it is possible to install a wind farm in LB site with a minimum of 30m height. In addition, wind turbines with a starting speed of 1.5 m/s and a rated power of 20 kW will produce electricity at a low cost (0.453USD/kWh).

Ammonia exhibits interesting features as fuel to feed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Herein, Ni and La co-doped strontium titanate was synthetized using wet chemistry route. Ni nanoparticles emerged via exsolution in reducing environment to decorate the surface. X-Ray Diffraction measurements exhibits perovskite structure was also preserved after the exsolution, as expected. H2 – Temperature Programmed Reduction highlights the great resistance of titanates in anode operation condition. Ammonia conversion in nitrogen and hydrogen were investigated by catalytic tests. It begins to decompose at 560°C and the full yield was achieved at 720°C. Electrochemical measurements were recorded at 800°C using 10% of ammonia in Ar. They were analysed though the model of equivalent circuit and two processes were attributed. Results certify Ni exsolution strongly enhances the hydrogen oxidation and the total polarisation resistance in ammonia approaches to the one in hydrogen.

The author summarizes the author’s techniques used in psychology classes with the aim of meaningfully transforming educational information by bachelors into their personal knowledge. The methodology for developing techniques was based on idiographic and qualitative approaches. The productive ideas of V.P. Zinchenko about “living” knowledge and the fundamental difference between information and knowledge, his original and fruitful metaphor about the fifth dimension of being, which he associated with meaning; a consequence of this metaphor about the difficulties of the process of generating an affectively colored space of meanings by a person turned out to be useful. The procedural aspect and content of four specific techniques for transforming educational psychological information are described. Examples of the use of techniques in the study of specific psychological disciplines are given. A special technique of creating and accumulating knowledge about his person by transforming educational psychological information into verbal self-portraits is highlighted. The question is raised about the correspondence of the knowledge obtained by bachelors as a result of the application of the proposed techniques to the content of the concept of “living” knowledge in the understanding of V.P. Zinchenko. The author’s version of the answer to this question is offered. A hypothesis is formulated about the possible mechanisms of transformation of educational psychological information into meaningful knowledge of bachelors. Two promising directions for the continuation of the empirical research pre sented in the article are highlighted.

Green buildings are generally referred to as environmental friendly buildings. Globally, building is responsible for a huge share of energy, water, electricity, and material consumption. The green building concept is very popular worldwide. The adverse impact of construction on the environment significantly promotes the development of the green building concept worldwide.The growing awareness of the adverse environmental impacts of construction has led to the widespread adoption of the green building concept globally. This approach promotes sustainability and mitigates the negative effects of construction on the environment. This research project aims to perform the energy and cost saving comparison of green building over the conventional building. Green Building are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and natural environment. This study aims to investigate the cost premiums and cost performance of green building projects. After an extensive literature review and case study of G+4 residential building located at Bhusawal district, Maharashtra has been presented in detail. The land area spread over 6400 sqft and construction area is about 12000 Sqft. and it is designed as per green building design to save the cost and energy for the building. This case study shows that the average increase in the initial cost of green building is 7-10% for those with four-star rating building however 34-40% of energy can be saved by implementing the green building design and technique. This study can reduce the maintenance cost of green building over the conventional building which is very huge amount over the lifecycle of the project.

In order to ensure the safe and rapid emission of high concentration gas when the mine opens the closed roadway, the gas emission method of the measure hole on the closed wall of the roadway and the extraction hole through the head of the roadway are studied. It solved the problems of difficult control of air volume, long gas emission time, easy overrun of return air flow gas concentration and large influence range in closed roadway gas emission. The practical results show that after the closed wall of -580 m track stone gate roadway is opened, the gas concentration in the airflow is 0.18 %, and the gas emission time is 2 min, which greatly shortens the gas emission time. There is no abnormal phenomenon in the segmented gas emission, and the safe gas emission is realized.