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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Paul Isbell;

    Sweeping changes are beginning to transform energy scenarios around the world. The gas revolution, a renaissance in petroleum technology and exploration, and a chaotic but powerful movement toward the goal of low-carbon economies are three of the principal energy trends currently interacting with structural changes in the geo-economics of the Atlantic world to present new perspectives and opportunitiesfor the diverse actors in the ‘Atlantic Basin’. This article explores how changes in the energy landscape are contributing to a reassessment of the strategic horizon. The potential impacts of the shale revolution, deep-offshore oil, biofuels and other modern renewable energies on the geopolitics of the Atlantic Basin will be assessed, and the hypothesis that an Atlantic Basin energy system is now taking shape will be evaluated, along with an analysis of anticipated impacts.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista CIDOB d'Afer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista CIDOB d'Afer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Herrera, M; Dyner, I; COSENZ, Federico;

    Climate variability has been the main driver for renewables in the Brazilian electricity market. This article analyzes the vulnerabilities of the dependence on hydropower in renewable energy production due to climate variation, as well as wind power penetration in Brazil, given a set of wind industry policies. Despite Brazilian renewable energy increase, the study shows the impact in energy supply in north region, due to the lack of transmission infrastructure. In Brazil, the potential trade-offs between renewables growth, and transmission infrastructure inconsistencies in terms of policy implementation are not yet well analyzed. Simulation results show the potential conflicts between energy policies aimed at increasing the wind power supply and boundaries in transmission infrastructure.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ingenieria Industria...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ingenieria Industrial
    Article . 2016
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ingenieria Industria...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ingenieria Industrial
      Article . 2016
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Hilter Farley Figueroa Saavedra; Javier Escobar; Hilter Farley Figueroa Saavedra; Fabián Miguel Carrillo Riofrio;

    Introduction. - Tout au long de l'histoire, l'humanité a été confrontée au défi constant d'obtenir les ressources essentielles à sa survie dans un environnement en constante évolution et souvent défavorable. Objectif Enrichir la formation des professionnels de l'agriculture à travers une perspective innovante. Méthodologie. - Des méthodes de recherche théoriques, empiriques et statistiques appropriées sont utilisées, mettant en évidence des problèmes de portée mondiale et écologique tels que le changement climatique, l'effet de serre, le réchauffement climatique et la crise de l'eau. Résultats : Impacts du changement climatique sur l'agriculture, dégradation de l'environnement par des pratiques agricoles non durables, importance de l'éducation et sensibilisation à l'environnement, modèle didactique pour la formation de professionnels agricoles compétents. Conclusions : Cette nouvelle approche doit fusionner le positif des pratiques traditionnelles avec les progrès scientifiques et techniques actuels, donnant lieu à des systèmes de production durables, une action coordonnée et multidirectionnelle de toute la société est nécessaire, où les universités jouent un rôle de premier plan dans la formation des professionnels de l'avenir avec une perspective de conservation et des valeurs conformes aux besoins environnementaux. Introducción. - A lo largo de la historia, la humanidad ha enfrentado el desafío constante de obtener los recursos esenciales para su supervivencia en un entorno en constante cambio y, a menudo, adverso. Objetivo Enriquecer la formación de los profesionales del ámbito agrícola a través de una perspectiva innovadora. Metodología. - Se emplean métodos de investigación teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos apropiados, destacando problemas de alcance global y ecológico como el cambio climático, el efecto invernadero, el calentamiento global y la crisis del agua. Resultados: Impactos de cambio climático en la agricultura, degradación ambiental por practica agrícolas no sostenibles, importancia de la educación y conciencia ambiental, modeló didáctico para la formación de profesionales agrícolas competentes. Conclusiones: Este nuevo enfoque debe fusionar lo positivo de las prácticas tradicionales con los avances científico-técnicos actuales, dando lugar a sistemas productivos sostenibles, es necesario una acción coordinada y multidireccional de toda la sociedad, donde las universidades desempeñen un papel destacado al formar a los profesionales del futuro con una perspectiva conservacionista y valores acordes a las necesidades medioambientales. Introduction. - Throughout history, humanity has faced the constant challenge of obtaining the resources essential for its survival in an ever-changing and often adverse environment. Objective To enrich the training of professionals in the agricultural field through an innovative perspective. Methodology. - Appropriate theoretical, empirical and statistical research methods are used, highlighting problems of global and ecological scope such as climate change, the greenhouse effect, global warming and the water crisis. Results: Impacts of climate change on agriculture, environmental degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices, importance of education and environmental awareness, didactic model for the training of competent agricultural professionals. Conclusions: This new approach must merge the positive aspects of traditional practices with current scientific and technical advances, resulting in sustainable production systems. Coordinated and multidirectional action is necessary throughout society, where universities play a leading role in training professionals of the future with a conservationist perspective and values in line with environmental needs. مقدمة. - على مر التاريخ، واجهت البشرية التحدي المستمر المتمثل في الحصول على الموارد الأساسية لبقائها في بيئة دائمة التغير وغالبًا ما تكون معاكسة. الهدف هو إثراء تدريب المهنيين في المجال الزراعي من خلال منظور مبتكر. المنهجية. - يتم استخدام طرق البحث النظرية والتجريبية والإحصائية المناسبة، مما يسلط الضوء على المشاكل ذات النطاق العالمي والبيئي مثل تغير المناخ وتأثير الاحتباس الحراري والاحترار العالمي وأزمة المياه. النتائج: آثار تغير المناخ على الزراعة، والتدهور البيئي بسبب الممارسات الزراعية غير المستدامة، وأهمية التعليم والوعي البيئي، والنموذج التعليمي لتدريب المهنيين الزراعيين الأكفاء. الاستنتاجات: يجب أن يدمج هذا النهج الجديد الجوانب الإيجابية للممارسات التقليدية مع التطورات العلمية والتقنية الحالية، مما يؤدي إلى أنظمة إنتاج مستدامة. العمل المنسق والمتعدد الاتجاهات ضروري في جميع أنحاء المجتمع، حيث تلعب الجامعات دورًا رائدًا في تدريب محترفي المستقبل بمنظور وقيم الحفاظ على البيئة بما يتماشى مع الاحتياجات البيئية.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: De Testa, Jean Francois Guillermo Marie;

    Resumen El presente estudio compara el desempeño financiero y bursátil de Tesla Inc. y Mercedes-Benz Group (MBG) en 2022 mediante el análisis de los múltiplos precio/utilidad y precio/ventas. Se emplearon datos del 26 de septiembre de 2023, obtenidos de fuentes financieras como Investing y reportes anuales de ambas compañías. Los resultados muestran que el múltiplo precio/utilidad de Tesla (61.71) es significativamente mayor que el de MBG (4.78), lo que indica que el mercado asigna un mayor valor a cada dólar de utilidad de Tesla. Además, el múltiplo precio/ventas de Tesla (9.51) es 20.6 veces mayor que el de MBG (0.46), a pesar de que MBG tuvo ventas netas un 94.68% superiores a las de Tesla en 2022. Se identificó que Tesla ha mantenido un crecimiento en ventas y producción superior al de MBG, además de un margen de utilidad más alto. La discusión sugiere que la mayor valoración de Tesla podría deberse a su liderazgo en vehículos eléctricos y la percepción del mercado sobre la sustentabilidad. Se concluye que MBG tiene potencial de crecimiento si incrementa su participación en el sector eléctrico y mejora su rentabilidad, mientras que Tesla debe mantener su ritmo de crecimiento para justificar su elevada valuación. This study compares the financial and market performance of Tesla Inc. and Mercedes-Benz Group (MBG) in 2022 by analyzing price-to-earnings and price-to-sales multiples. Data from September 26, 2023, was gathered from financial sources such as Investing and annual reports from both companies. The results show that Tesla's price-to-earnings ratio (61.71) is significantly higher than MBG’s (4.78), indicating that the market assigns greater value to each dollar of Tesla’s earnings. Additionally, Tesla’s price-to-sales ratio (9.51) is 20.6 times higher than MBG’s (0.46), despite MBG’s net sales being 94.68% higher than Tesla’s in 2022. Tesla has consistently achieved greater sales and production growth than MBG, along with a higher profit margin. The discussion suggests that Tesla's higher valuation may be attributed to its leadership in electric vehicles and market perception of sustainability. The study concludes that MBG has growth potential if it increases its presence in the electric vehicle market and improves profitability, while Tesla must sustain its growth rate to justify its high valuation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2024
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      Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: A. Marti; E. Antolín; M.H.Zehender; M. Martínez; +6 Authors

    Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a los proyectos GRECO (787289 H2020 Grant Agreement), financiado por la Comisión Europea, que garantiza que este trabajo está alineado con la Política Europea de Ciencia Abierta, el Proyecto MADRID-PV2-CM (P2018/EMT-4308) financiado por la Comunidad de Madrid apoyado con fondos FEDER y el Proyecto MULTIPLIER (RTI2018-096937-B-C21) financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. E.A. está financiada por un contrato Ramón y Cajal del Ministerio de Ciencia Español (RYC-2015-18539). M.H.Z. agradece a la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid la financiación del 'Programa Propio para Ayudas Predoctorales de la UPM'. M.M. agradece la financiación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades por medio de la beca FPI PRE2019-087894. Las actas del Congreso pueden obtenerse de: https://doi.org/10.34637/cies2020.1.1001 {"references": ["A. Mart\u00ed et al., \"Cuaderno Abierto para la Simulaci\u00f3n de C\u00e9lulas Solares de Tres Terminales de Tipo Transistor Bipolar de Heterouni\u00f3n.,\" in XVII Congreso Ib\u00e9rico y XIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Energ\u00eda Solar (CIES), 2020, pp. 23--31."]} Este vídeo recoge la presentación visual de los autores del trabajo "Cuaderno Abierto para la Simulación de Células Solares de Tres Terminales de Tipo Transistor Bipolar de Heterounión " en el XVII Congreso Ibérico y XIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Energía Solar (CIES-2020)

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    The article seeks to explain the handling of meatproducts in markets in San Juan de MirafloresLima-Peru. The Miraflores Market in San Juan de Lurigancho is an important commercial center for residents of this district, one of the most populated in Lima. Founded in the 20th century, the market has played a crucial role in the local economy, facilitating the trade of fresh food and other essential products (Garcia, 2015). The district of San Juan de Miraflores has a population of 430,772 inhabitants, of which 216,900 are men and 213,872 are women. The infant mortality rate in the district is 9.2% per thousand inhabitants. In the specific case of Peru, the lack of effectiveapplication of meat handling in these companies with such activity raises serious concerns in terms of Public Health and Food Safety. It is important to highlight that the sanitary hygiene conditions and the handling of meat products were investigated with the aim of relating them to food-borne illnesses. On the other hand, alternatives for improvements in the handling of meat products for retailers were established. Resumen EL articulo busca explicar sobre la Manipulación de productos cárnicos en mercados de San Juan de Miraflores- Lima-Perú. El Mercado de Miraflores en San Juan de Lurigancho fue fundado en el siglo XX, el mercado ha jugado un papel crucial en la economía local, facilitando el comercio de alimentos frescos y otros productos esenciales (García, 2015). El distrito de San Juan de Miraflores cuenta con una población de 430,772 habitantes, de los cuales 216,900 son hombres y 213,872 son mujeres. La tasa de mortalidad infantil en el distrito es de 9.2% por cada mil habitantes. En el caso específico de Perú, la falta de aplicación efectiva de la manipulación de cárnicos en estas empresas con dicha actividad plantea serias preocupaciones en materia de Salud Pública y Seguridad Alimentaria.

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    Authors: García Gavilánez, Robinson José;

    Resumen EL articulo busca explicar como el uso del método de volúmenes finitos en la discretización de ecuaciones diferencias que están involucradas en le modelado de sistemas térmicos, se aplican en los programas de simulación computacional CFD, esos paquetes tecnológicos con la capacidad de modelar geometría complejas y fenómenos de transferencia de calor, evaluando las interacciones entre materiales permitiendo mejorar la eficiencia térmica. Los resultados obtenidos al incluir variaciones el espesor de la placa absorbedora y al añadir dispositivos reflectores que aumentan la capacidad de absorber calor por el sistema, ayudando a que el fluido aumente su temperatura al mejorar el rendimiento general del sistema, las simulaciones computacionales son de gran ayuda para simular entornos operativos hipotéticos que permiten ahorrarse costos por construcción The article seeks to explain how the use of the finite volume method in the discretization of differential equations involved in the modeling of thermal systems is applied in computational simulation programs (CFD). These technological packages have the capability to model complex geometries and heat transfer phenomena, evaluating the interactions between materials to improve thermal efficiency. The results obtained by varying the thickness of the absorber plate and adding reflective devices increase the system's heat absorption capacity, helping the fluid to raise its temperature and enhancing the overall system performance. Computational simulations are highly useful for simulating hypothetical operational environments, allowing cost savings by avoiding construction

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    Authors: Vásquez, Carmen; Osal, William; Sudriá, Antoni; Yépez, Wilson; +5 Authors

    Los estudios de las emisiones de los gases de efecto invernadero causados por la producción de la energía eléctrica con fuentes no renovables incrementan el interés por la Eficiencia Energética. Ésta busca establecer oportunidades de ahorro manteniendo los niveles de bienestar de los clientes del servicio. Debido a su importancia, desde el año 2007 se desarrolla la Acción de Coordinación EFESOS del CYTED con el objeto de potenciar las oportunidades y el intercambio de los resultados de la investigación de sus miembros. En el 3ER Taller EFESOS se presentaron los programas que en ésta área se han presentado entre los distintos países. Este trabajo busca dar a conocer la información relevante presentada durante en dicho Taller. Se concluye que es imprescindible el intercambio de experiencias para generar iniciativas que a su vez permitan generar conocimiento en el área y el desarrollo de la Eficiencia Energética como herramienta para incrementar la seguridad y la sostenibilidad en Iberoamérica. The studies of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production of electric power based on non renewable sources increase the interest for Energy Efficiency. This seeks to establish saving opportunities maintaining the electrical service user´s quality of life. Due to their importance, in the year 2007 the EFESOS Coordination Action of the CYTED is developed in order to boost the opportunities and the exchange of research results within its members. In the 3th EFESOS Workshop the topics presented referred to different programs that in these programs in the different contrys. This paper shows the outstanding information presented during the Workshop. Among its conclusions it is established the need to exchange experiences to generate initiatives to allow new knowledge generation in this subject and the development of Energy Efficiency as a tool to increase the security and the sustainability in Iberoamérica.

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    Authors: Begoña Serrano Lanzarote; Francisco Juan Vidal; Ignacio Puig Tarín;

    El análisis de la ciudad histórica nos demuestra que los usuarios han adaptado la ciudad y el ambiente de esta a sus necesidades con el fin de conseguir la mayor habitabilidad posible. Las ciudades pre-industriales están llenas de ejemplos de estrategias ambientales que han perdurado hasta nuestros días y siguen vigentes en el diseño y en la cultura de los usuarios. Cualquier propuesta urbanística en los núcleos históricos debería contener en sus proposiciones la recuperación de estos aspectos que forman parte de la cultura urbana propia de la ciudad. Con objeto de garantizar la sostenibilidad a lo largo del tiempo las ciudades históricas basaban su desarrollo en la gestión no destructiva de los recursos que disponían. Esta cultura era propia de las sociedades orgánicas tradicionales que entendían el medio físico como un sistema cerrado, basado en la explotación de los recursos sin la degradación del medio biofísico tan necesario para su supervivencia. Los usuarios adaptaron las ciudades y edificaciones, a las condiciones ambientales del entorno. La trama urbana y los edificios que las configuran aprovechan de una manera sostenible el medio. A través de diferentes soluciones bio-climáticas consiguieron aprovechar las posibilidades del entorno. En estos casos los residentes adquirieron un papel relevante al ser responsables de su gestión y control. Estos sistemas de adaptación al medio han llegado hasta nosotros perfectamente conservados y adaptados a todas las variables que cada momento de la historia ha necesitado. Es por ello, que tienen un reconocido valor patrimonial y es una fuente de conocimiento de incalculable valor. Para atestiguar todos los recursos que se han utilizado en la adaptación al medio de las ciudades pre-industriales se ha analizado el núcleo histórico de Ruzafa (Valencia – España) desde el punto de vista del usuario y se han identificado tres grupos de parámetros ambientales que afectan al ambiente urbano de esta zona: Parámetros higrotérmicos: Se basan en aquellas condiciones que más influyen en el confort de los usuarios. Parámetros propios de los usuarios como la edad, el grado de actividad o el nivel de vestimenta. Y parámetros propios del ambiente como la temperatura, la humedad y la velocidad del aire. Características del entorno urbano: Son aquellos parámetros que afectan en mayor medida al confort del usuario. Anchura y altura de las calles, orientación, color de las fachadas, utilización de cornisas, protecciones frente al viento. Comportamiento de los usuarios: Son los sistemas arquitectónicos que los usuarios utilizan a su conveniencia para aclimatar sus viviendas. A través de diferentes estrategias los usuarios aprovechan los recursos energéticos del ambiente exterior para alcanzar las condiciones de confort en el ambiente interior. Esta información se extrae de la cultura popular y de los elementos arquitectónicos que utilizan. En base a estos parámetros, se propone una sistematización de la información sensible a la calidad ambiental urbana para su gestión por medio de una base datos gráfica de la ciudad (G.I.S.). Todos estos datos permitirán tener una información valiosa, con el fin de lograr una verdadera penetración de las propuesta urbanísticas entre la población. DISEGNARECON, Vol. 6, n. 11 (2013) - GIS & Disegno urbano, a cura di Roberto Mingucci e Ana Clara Mourão Moura

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    Authors: Fernando Cobos Mora; Vicente Flores Meléndez; Luis Alcívar-Torres; G. M. M. Gonzalez; +1 Authors

    Cette enquête a été menée dans le canton de Puebloviejo, dans la province de Los Ríos (Équateur), dans le but d'évaluer la durabilité des exploitations productrices de cacao dans cette zone. Selon la méthodologie proposée par Sarandón et al. (1), une population totale de 417 producteurs de cacao a été travaillée ; en utilisant la méthode des proportions, un échantillon de 101 producteurs a été obtenu pour la collecte d'informations sur les aspects économiques, environnementaux et socioculturels des exploitations. Les exploitations productrices de cacao national ont obtenu un indice général de durabilité (ISG) de 1,89, atteignant une valeur de 3,0 seulement dans l'indicateur socioculturel (ISC). Dans l'évaluation de durabilité, les exploitations productrices de cacao CCN-51 ont obtenu un ISG de 2,26, atteignant une valeur de 3,8 à l'ISC. Sur les 101 exploitations étudiées, 20 % sont économiquement durables, 4 % écologiquement durables et 100 % socioculturellement durables ; cependant, seulement 1 % des exploitations répondaient à toutes les exigences en matière de durabilité et étaient considérées comme durables. Les résultats montrent que des améliorations importantes doivent être apportées aux variables évaluées, en particulier celles qui ont obtenu des valeurs inférieures à 2, ce qui entraînera une amélioration des unités de production dans le canton de Puebloviejo. La presente investigación se realizó en el cantón Puebloviejo, provincia de Los Ríos (Ecuador), con el objetivo de evaluar la sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de cacao en esta zona. De acuerdo a la metodología propuesta por Sarandón et al. (1), se trabajó con una población total de 417 productores de cacao; empleando el método de las proporciones se obtuvo una muestra de 101 productores para el levantamiento de información de los aspectos económicos, ambientales y socioculturales de las fincas. Las fincas productoras de cacao Nacional, obtuvieron un Índice General de Sustentabilidad (ISG) de 1,89, logrando un valor de 3,0 solo en el Indicador Sociocultural (ISC). En la evaluación de sustentabilidad, las fincas productoras de cacao CCN-51, lograron un ISG de 2,26, alcanzando un valor de 3,8 en el ISC. De las 101 fincas estudiadas, el 20% son económicamente sustentables, 4% ecológicamente sustentables y el 100% socioculturalmente sustentables; sin embargo, únicamente el 1% de las fincas cumplió con todos los requisitos de la sustentabilidad y se consideró como sustentable. Los resultados muestran que se deben realizar mejoras importantes en las variables evaluadas, sobre todo en aquellas que se obtuvieron valores inferiores a 2, lo que conllevará al mejoramiento de las unidades de productivas en el cantón Puebloviejo. This research was carried out in the Puebloviejo canton, province of Los Ríos (Ecuador), with the aim of evaluating the sustainability of cocoa farms in this area. According to the methodology proposed by Sarandón et al. (1), a total population of 417 cocoa producers was worked on; using the proportions method, a sample of 101 producers was obtained for the collection of information on the economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects of the farms. The National cocoa farms obtained a General Sustainability Index (GSI) of 1.89, achieving a value of 3.0 only in the Socio-Cultural Indicator (SCI). In the sustainability assessment, the CCN-51 cocoa farms achieved an ISG of 2.26, reaching a value of 3.8 in the ISC. Of the 101 farms studied, 20% are economically sustainable, 4% ecologically sustainable, and 100% socio-culturally sustainable; however, only 1% of the farms met all sustainability requirements and were considered sustainable. The results show that significant improvements must be made in the variables evaluated, especially in those that obtained values below 2, which will lead to the improvement of the productive units in the Puebloviejo canton. تم إجراء هذا البحث في كانتون بويبلوفيخو، مقاطعة لوس ريوس (الإكوادور)، بهدف تقييم استدامة مزارع الكاكاو في هذه المنطقة. وفقًا للمنهجية التي اقترحها ساراندون وآخرون. (1)، تم العمل على إجمالي عدد السكان البالغ 417 منتجًا للكاكاو ؛ باستخدام طريقة النسب، تم الحصول على عينة من 101 منتج لجمع المعلومات حول الجوانب الاقتصادية والبيئية والاجتماعية والثقافية للمزارع. حصلت مزارع الكاكاو الوطنية على مؤشر استدامة عام (GSI) قدره 1.89، محققة قيمة 3.0 فقط في المؤشر الاجتماعي الثقافي (SCI). في تقييم الاستدامة، حققت مزارع الكاكاو CCN -51 مجموعة سلامة دولية قدرها 2.26، لتصل إلى قيمة 3.8 في التصنيف الدولي للكاكاو. من بين 101 مزرعة تمت دراستها، 20 ٪ منها مستدامة اقتصاديًا، و 4 ٪ مستدامة بيئيًا، و 100 ٪ مستدامة اجتماعيًا وثقافيًا ؛ ومع ذلك، فإن 1 ٪ فقط من المزارع استوفت جميع متطلبات الاستدامة واعتبرت مستدامة. تظهر النتائج أنه يجب إجراء تحسينات كبيرة في المتغيرات التي تم تقييمها، خاصة في تلك التي حصلت على قيم أقل من 2، مما سيؤدي إلى تحسين الوحدات الإنتاجية في كانتون بويبلوفيخو.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Paul Isbell;

    Sweeping changes are beginning to transform energy scenarios around the world. The gas revolution, a renaissance in petroleum technology and exploration, and a chaotic but powerful movement toward the goal of low-carbon economies are three of the principal energy trends currently interacting with structural changes in the geo-economics of the Atlantic world to present new perspectives and opportunitiesfor the diverse actors in the ‘Atlantic Basin’. This article explores how changes in the energy landscape are contributing to a reassessment of the strategic horizon. The potential impacts of the shale revolution, deep-offshore oil, biofuels and other modern renewable energies on the geopolitics of the Atlantic Basin will be assessed, and the hypothesis that an Atlantic Basin energy system is now taking shape will be evaluated, along with an analysis of anticipated impacts.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista CIDOB d'Afer...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Herrera, M; Dyner, I; COSENZ, Federico;

    Climate variability has been the main driver for renewables in the Brazilian electricity market. This article analyzes the vulnerabilities of the dependence on hydropower in renewable energy production due to climate variation, as well as wind power penetration in Brazil, given a set of wind industry policies. Despite Brazilian renewable energy increase, the study shows the impact in energy supply in north region, due to the lack of transmission infrastructure. In Brazil, the potential trade-offs between renewables growth, and transmission infrastructure inconsistencies in terms of policy implementation are not yet well analyzed. Simulation results show the potential conflicts between energy policies aimed at increasing the wind power supply and boundaries in transmission infrastructure.

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    Ingenieria Industrial
    Article . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ingenieria Industria...arrow_drop_down
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      Ingenieria Industrial
      Article . 2016
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  • Authors: Hilter Farley Figueroa Saavedra; Javier Escobar; Hilter Farley Figueroa Saavedra; Fabián Miguel Carrillo Riofrio;

    Introduction. - Tout au long de l'histoire, l'humanité a été confrontée au défi constant d'obtenir les ressources essentielles à sa survie dans un environnement en constante évolution et souvent défavorable. Objectif Enrichir la formation des professionnels de l'agriculture à travers une perspective innovante. Méthodologie. - Des méthodes de recherche théoriques, empiriques et statistiques appropriées sont utilisées, mettant en évidence des problèmes de portée mondiale et écologique tels que le changement climatique, l'effet de serre, le réchauffement climatique et la crise de l'eau. Résultats : Impacts du changement climatique sur l'agriculture, dégradation de l'environnement par des pratiques agricoles non durables, importance de l'éducation et sensibilisation à l'environnement, modèle didactique pour la formation de professionnels agricoles compétents. Conclusions : Cette nouvelle approche doit fusionner le positif des pratiques traditionnelles avec les progrès scientifiques et techniques actuels, donnant lieu à des systèmes de production durables, une action coordonnée et multidirectionnelle de toute la société est nécessaire, où les universités jouent un rôle de premier plan dans la formation des professionnels de l'avenir avec une perspective de conservation et des valeurs conformes aux besoins environnementaux. Introducción. - A lo largo de la historia, la humanidad ha enfrentado el desafío constante de obtener los recursos esenciales para su supervivencia en un entorno en constante cambio y, a menudo, adverso. Objetivo Enriquecer la formación de los profesionales del ámbito agrícola a través de una perspectiva innovadora. Metodología. - Se emplean métodos de investigación teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos apropiados, destacando problemas de alcance global y ecológico como el cambio climático, el efecto invernadero, el calentamiento global y la crisis del agua. Resultados: Impactos de cambio climático en la agricultura, degradación ambiental por practica agrícolas no sostenibles, importancia de la educación y conciencia ambiental, modeló didáctico para la formación de profesionales agrícolas competentes. Conclusiones: Este nuevo enfoque debe fusionar lo positivo de las prácticas tradicionales con los avances científico-técnicos actuales, dando lugar a sistemas productivos sostenibles, es necesario una acción coordinada y multidireccional de toda la sociedad, donde las universidades desempeñen un papel destacado al formar a los profesionales del futuro con una perspectiva conservacionista y valores acordes a las necesidades medioambientales. Introduction. - Throughout history, humanity has faced the constant challenge of obtaining the resources essential for its survival in an ever-changing and often adverse environment. Objective To enrich the training of professionals in the agricultural field through an innovative perspective. Methodology. - Appropriate theoretical, empirical and statistical research methods are used, highlighting problems of global and ecological scope such as climate change, the greenhouse effect, global warming and the water crisis. Results: Impacts of climate change on agriculture, environmental degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices, importance of education and environmental awareness, didactic model for the training of competent agricultural professionals. Conclusions: This new approach must merge the positive aspects of traditional practices with current scientific and technical advances, resulting in sustainable production systems. Coordinated and multidirectional action is necessary throughout society, where universities play a leading role in training professionals of the future with a conservationist perspective and values in line with environmental needs. مقدمة. - على مر التاريخ، واجهت البشرية التحدي المستمر المتمثل في الحصول على الموارد الأساسية لبقائها في بيئة دائمة التغير وغالبًا ما تكون معاكسة. الهدف هو إثراء تدريب المهنيين في المجال الزراعي من خلال منظور مبتكر. المنهجية. - يتم استخدام طرق البحث النظرية والتجريبية والإحصائية المناسبة، مما يسلط الضوء على المشاكل ذات النطاق العالمي والبيئي مثل تغير المناخ وتأثير الاحتباس الحراري والاحترار العالمي وأزمة المياه. النتائج: آثار تغير المناخ على الزراعة، والتدهور البيئي بسبب الممارسات الزراعية غير المستدامة، وأهمية التعليم والوعي البيئي، والنموذج التعليمي لتدريب المهنيين الزراعيين الأكفاء. الاستنتاجات: يجب أن يدمج هذا النهج الجديد الجوانب الإيجابية للممارسات التقليدية مع التطورات العلمية والتقنية الحالية، مما يؤدي إلى أنظمة إنتاج مستدامة. العمل المنسق والمتعدد الاتجاهات ضروري في جميع أنحاء المجتمع، حيث تلعب الجامعات دورًا رائدًا في تدريب محترفي المستقبل بمنظور وقيم الحفاظ على البيئة بما يتماشى مع الاحتياجات البيئية.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: De Testa, Jean Francois Guillermo Marie;

    Resumen El presente estudio compara el desempeño financiero y bursátil de Tesla Inc. y Mercedes-Benz Group (MBG) en 2022 mediante el análisis de los múltiplos precio/utilidad y precio/ventas. Se emplearon datos del 26 de septiembre de 2023, obtenidos de fuentes financieras como Investing y reportes anuales de ambas compañías. Los resultados muestran que el múltiplo precio/utilidad de Tesla (61.71) es significativamente mayor que el de MBG (4.78), lo que indica que el mercado asigna un mayor valor a cada dólar de utilidad de Tesla. Además, el múltiplo precio/ventas de Tesla (9.51) es 20.6 veces mayor que el de MBG (0.46), a pesar de que MBG tuvo ventas netas un 94.68% superiores a las de Tesla en 2022. Se identificó que Tesla ha mantenido un crecimiento en ventas y producción superior al de MBG, además de un margen de utilidad más alto. La discusión sugiere que la mayor valoración de Tesla podría deberse a su liderazgo en vehículos eléctricos y la percepción del mercado sobre la sustentabilidad. Se concluye que MBG tiene potencial de crecimiento si incrementa su participación en el sector eléctrico y mejora su rentabilidad, mientras que Tesla debe mantener su ritmo de crecimiento para justificar su elevada valuación. This study compares the financial and market performance of Tesla Inc. and Mercedes-Benz Group (MBG) in 2022 by analyzing price-to-earnings and price-to-sales multiples. Data from September 26, 2023, was gathered from financial sources such as Investing and annual reports from both companies. The results show that Tesla's price-to-earnings ratio (61.71) is significantly higher than MBG’s (4.78), indicating that the market assigns greater value to each dollar of Tesla’s earnings. Additionally, Tesla’s price-to-sales ratio (9.51) is 20.6 times higher than MBG’s (0.46), despite MBG’s net sales being 94.68% higher than Tesla’s in 2022. Tesla has consistently achieved greater sales and production growth than MBG, along with a higher profit margin. The discussion suggests that Tesla's higher valuation may be attributed to its leadership in electric vehicles and market perception of sustainability. The study concludes that MBG has growth potential if it increases its presence in the electric vehicle market and improves profitability, while Tesla must sustain its growth rate to justify its high valuation.

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    Authors: A. Marti; E. Antolín; M.H.Zehender; M. Martínez; +6 Authors

    Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a los proyectos GRECO (787289 H2020 Grant Agreement), financiado por la Comisión Europea, que garantiza que este trabajo está alineado con la Política Europea de Ciencia Abierta, el Proyecto MADRID-PV2-CM (P2018/EMT-4308) financiado por la Comunidad de Madrid apoyado con fondos FEDER y el Proyecto MULTIPLIER (RTI2018-096937-B-C21) financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. E.A. está financiada por un contrato Ramón y Cajal del Ministerio de Ciencia Español (RYC-2015-18539). M.H.Z. agradece a la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid la financiación del 'Programa Propio para Ayudas Predoctorales de la UPM'. M.M. agradece la financiación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades por medio de la beca FPI PRE2019-087894. Las actas del Congreso pueden obtenerse de: https://doi.org/10.34637/cies2020.1.1001 {"references": ["A. Mart\u00ed et al., \"Cuaderno Abierto para la Simulaci\u00f3n de C\u00e9lulas Solares de Tres Terminales de Tipo Transistor Bipolar de Heterouni\u00f3n.,\" in XVII Congreso Ib\u00e9rico y XIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Energ\u00eda Solar (CIES), 2020, pp. 23--31."]} Este vídeo recoge la presentación visual de los autores del trabajo "Cuaderno Abierto para la Simulación de Células Solares de Tres Terminales de Tipo Transistor Bipolar de Heterounión " en el XVII Congreso Ibérico y XIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Energía Solar (CIES-2020)

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    The article seeks to explain the handling of meatproducts in markets in San Juan de MirafloresLima-Peru. The Miraflores Market in San Juan de Lurigancho is an important commercial center for residents of this district, one of the most populated in Lima. Founded in the 20th century, the market has played a crucial role in the local economy, facilitating the trade of fresh food and other essential products (Garcia, 2015). The district of San Juan de Miraflores has a population of 430,772 inhabitants, of which 216,900 are men and 213,872 are women. The infant mortality rate in the district is 9.2% per thousand inhabitants. In the specific case of Peru, the lack of effectiveapplication of meat handling in these companies with such activity raises serious concerns in terms of Public Health and Food Safety. It is important to highlight that the sanitary hygiene conditions and the handling of meat products were investigated with the aim of relating them to food-borne illnesses. On the other hand, alternatives for improvements in the handling of meat products for retailers were established. Resumen EL articulo busca explicar sobre la Manipulación de productos cárnicos en mercados de San Juan de Miraflores- Lima-Perú. El Mercado de Miraflores en San Juan de Lurigancho fue fundado en el siglo XX, el mercado ha jugado un papel crucial en la economía local, facilitando el comercio de alimentos frescos y otros productos esenciales (García, 2015). El distrito de San Juan de Miraflores cuenta con una población de 430,772 habitantes, de los cuales 216,900 son hombres y 213,872 son mujeres. La tasa de mortalidad infantil en el distrito es de 9.2% por cada mil habitantes. En el caso específico de Perú, la falta de aplicación efectiva de la manipulación de cárnicos en estas empresas con dicha actividad plantea serias preocupaciones en materia de Salud Pública y Seguridad Alimentaria.

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    Authors: García Gavilánez, Robinson José;

    Resumen EL articulo busca explicar como el uso del método de volúmenes finitos en la discretización de ecuaciones diferencias que están involucradas en le modelado de sistemas térmicos, se aplican en los programas de simulación computacional CFD, esos paquetes tecnológicos con la capacidad de modelar geometría complejas y fenómenos de transferencia de calor, evaluando las interacciones entre materiales permitiendo mejorar la eficiencia térmica. Los resultados obtenidos al incluir variaciones el espesor de la placa absorbedora y al añadir dispositivos reflectores que aumentan la capacidad de absorber calor por el sistema, ayudando a que el fluido aumente su temperatura al mejorar el rendimiento general del sistema, las simulaciones computacionales son de gran ayuda para simular entornos operativos hipotéticos que permiten ahorrarse costos por construcción The article seeks to explain how the use of the finite volume method in the discretization of differential equations involved in the modeling of thermal systems is applied in computational simulation programs (CFD). These technological packages have the capability to model complex geometries and heat transfer phenomena, evaluating the interactions between materials to improve thermal efficiency. The results obtained by varying the thickness of the absorber plate and adding reflective devices increase the system's heat absorption capacity, helping the fluid to raise its temperature and enhancing the overall system performance. Computational simulations are highly useful for simulating hypothetical operational environments, allowing cost savings by avoiding construction

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    Authors: Vásquez, Carmen; Osal, William; Sudriá, Antoni; Yépez, Wilson; +5 Authors

    Los estudios de las emisiones de los gases de efecto invernadero causados por la producción de la energía eléctrica con fuentes no renovables incrementan el interés por la Eficiencia Energética. Ésta busca establecer oportunidades de ahorro manteniendo los niveles de bienestar de los clientes del servicio. Debido a su importancia, desde el año 2007 se desarrolla la Acción de Coordinación EFESOS del CYTED con el objeto de potenciar las oportunidades y el intercambio de los resultados de la investigación de sus miembros. En el 3ER Taller EFESOS se presentaron los programas que en ésta área se han presentado entre los distintos países. Este trabajo busca dar a conocer la información relevante presentada durante en dicho Taller. Se concluye que es imprescindible el intercambio de experiencias para generar iniciativas que a su vez permitan generar conocimiento en el área y el desarrollo de la Eficiencia Energética como herramienta para incrementar la seguridad y la sostenibilidad en Iberoamérica. The studies of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production of electric power based on non renewable sources increase the interest for Energy Efficiency. This seeks to establish saving opportunities maintaining the electrical service user´s quality of life. Due to their importance, in the year 2007 the EFESOS Coordination Action of the CYTED is developed in order to boost the opportunities and the exchange of research results within its members. In the 3th EFESOS Workshop the topics presented referred to different programs that in these programs in the different contrys. This paper shows the outstanding information presented during the Workshop. Among its conclusions it is established the need to exchange experiences to generate initiatives to allow new knowledge generation in this subject and the development of Energy Efficiency as a tool to increase the security and the sustainability in Iberoamérica.

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    Authors: Begoña Serrano Lanzarote; Francisco Juan Vidal; Ignacio Puig Tarín;

    El análisis de la ciudad histórica nos demuestra que los usuarios han adaptado la ciudad y el ambiente de esta a sus necesidades con el fin de conseguir la mayor habitabilidad posible. Las ciudades pre-industriales están llenas de ejemplos de estrategias ambientales que han perdurado hasta nuestros días y siguen vigentes en el diseño y en la cultura de los usuarios. Cualquier propuesta urbanística en los núcleos históricos debería contener en sus proposiciones la recuperación de estos aspectos que forman parte de la cultura urbana propia de la ciudad. Con objeto de garantizar la sostenibilidad a lo largo del tiempo las ciudades históricas basaban su desarrollo en la gestión no destructiva de los recursos que disponían. Esta cultura era propia de las sociedades orgánicas tradicionales que entendían el medio físico como un sistema cerrado, basado en la explotación de los recursos sin la degradación del medio biofísico tan necesario para su supervivencia. Los usuarios adaptaron las ciudades y edificaciones, a las condiciones ambientales del entorno. La trama urbana y los edificios que las configuran aprovechan de una manera sostenible el medio. A través de diferentes soluciones bio-climáticas consiguieron aprovechar las posibilidades del entorno. En estos casos los residentes adquirieron un papel relevante al ser responsables de su gestión y control. Estos sistemas de adaptación al medio han llegado hasta nosotros perfectamente conservados y adaptados a todas las variables que cada momento de la historia ha necesitado. Es por ello, que tienen un reconocido valor patrimonial y es una fuente de conocimiento de incalculable valor. Para atestiguar todos los recursos que se han utilizado en la adaptación al medio de las ciudades pre-industriales se ha analizado el núcleo histórico de Ruzafa (Valencia – España) desde el punto de vista del usuario y se han identificado tres grupos de parámetros ambientales que afectan al ambiente urbano de esta zona: Parámetros higrotérmicos: Se basan en aquellas condiciones que más influyen en el confort de los usuarios. Parámetros propios de los usuarios como la edad, el grado de actividad o el nivel de vestimenta. Y parámetros propios del ambiente como la temperatura, la humedad y la velocidad del aire. Características del entorno urbano: Son aquellos parámetros que afectan en mayor medida al confort del usuario. Anchura y altura de las calles, orientación, color de las fachadas, utilización de cornisas, protecciones frente al viento. Comportamiento de los usuarios: Son los sistemas arquitectónicos que los usuarios utilizan a su conveniencia para aclimatar sus viviendas. A través de diferentes estrategias los usuarios aprovechan los recursos energéticos del ambiente exterior para alcanzar las condiciones de confort en el ambiente interior. Esta información se extrae de la cultura popular y de los elementos arquitectónicos que utilizan. En base a estos parámetros, se propone una sistematización de la información sensible a la calidad ambiental urbana para su gestión por medio de una base datos gráfica de la ciudad (G.I.S.). Todos estos datos permitirán tener una información valiosa, con el fin de lograr una verdadera penetración de las propuesta urbanísticas entre la población. DISEGNARECON, Vol. 6, n. 11 (2013) - GIS & Disegno urbano, a cura di Roberto Mingucci e Ana Clara Mourão Moura

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      AMS Acta
      Article . 2013
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    Authors: Fernando Cobos Mora; Vicente Flores Meléndez; Luis Alcívar-Torres; G. M. M. Gonzalez; +1 Authors

    Cette enquête a été menée dans le canton de Puebloviejo, dans la province de Los Ríos (Équateur), dans le but d'évaluer la durabilité des exploitations productrices de cacao dans cette zone. Selon la méthodologie proposée par Sarandón et al. (1), une population totale de 417 producteurs de cacao a été travaillée ; en utilisant la méthode des proportions, un échantillon de 101 producteurs a été obtenu pour la collecte d'informations sur les aspects économiques, environnementaux et socioculturels des exploitations. Les exploitations productrices de cacao national ont obtenu un indice général de durabilité (ISG) de 1,89, atteignant une valeur de 3,0 seulement dans l'indicateur socioculturel (ISC). Dans l'évaluation de durabilité, les exploitations productrices de cacao CCN-51 ont obtenu un ISG de 2,26, atteignant une valeur de 3,8 à l'ISC. Sur les 101 exploitations étudiées, 20 % sont économiquement durables, 4 % écologiquement durables et 100 % socioculturellement durables ; cependant, seulement 1 % des exploitations répondaient à toutes les exigences en matière de durabilité et étaient considérées comme durables. Les résultats montrent que des améliorations importantes doivent être apportées aux variables évaluées, en particulier celles qui ont obtenu des valeurs inférieures à 2, ce qui entraînera une amélioration des unités de production dans le canton de Puebloviejo. La presente investigación se realizó en el cantón Puebloviejo, provincia de Los Ríos (Ecuador), con el objetivo de evaluar la sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de cacao en esta zona. De acuerdo a la metodología propuesta por Sarandón et al. (1), se trabajó con una población total de 417 productores de cacao; empleando el método de las proporciones se obtuvo una muestra de 101 productores para el levantamiento de información de los aspectos económicos, ambientales y socioculturales de las fincas. Las fincas productoras de cacao Nacional, obtuvieron un Índice General de Sustentabilidad (ISG) de 1,89, logrando un valor de 3,0 solo en el Indicador Sociocultural (ISC). En la evaluación de sustentabilidad, las fincas productoras de cacao CCN-51, lograron un ISG de 2,26, alcanzando un valor de 3,8 en el ISC. De las 101 fincas estudiadas, el 20% son económicamente sustentables, 4% ecológicamente sustentables y el 100% socioculturalmente sustentables; sin embargo, únicamente el 1% de las fincas cumplió con todos los requisitos de la sustentabilidad y se consideró como sustentable. Los resultados muestran que se deben realizar mejoras importantes en las variables evaluadas, sobre todo en aquellas que se obtuvieron valores inferiores a 2, lo que conllevará al mejoramiento de las unidades de productivas en el cantón Puebloviejo. This research was carried out in the Puebloviejo canton, province of Los Ríos (Ecuador), with the aim of evaluating the sustainability of cocoa farms in this area. According to the methodology proposed by Sarandón et al. (1), a total population of 417 cocoa producers was worked on; using the proportions method, a sample of 101 producers was obtained for the collection of information on the economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects of the farms. The National cocoa farms obtained a General Sustainability Index (GSI) of 1.89, achieving a value of 3.0 only in the Socio-Cultural Indicator (SCI). In the sustainability assessment, the CCN-51 cocoa farms achieved an ISG of 2.26, reaching a value of 3.8 in the ISC. Of the 101 farms studied, 20% are economically sustainable, 4% ecologically sustainable, and 100% socio-culturally sustainable; however, only 1% of the farms met all sustainability requirements and were considered sustainable. The results show that significant improvements must be made in the variables evaluated, especially in those that obtained values below 2, which will lead to the improvement of the productive units in the Puebloviejo canton. تم إجراء هذا البحث في كانتون بويبلوفيخو، مقاطعة لوس ريوس (الإكوادور)، بهدف تقييم استدامة مزارع الكاكاو في هذه المنطقة. وفقًا للمنهجية التي اقترحها ساراندون وآخرون. (1)، تم العمل على إجمالي عدد السكان البالغ 417 منتجًا للكاكاو ؛ باستخدام طريقة النسب، تم الحصول على عينة من 101 منتج لجمع المعلومات حول الجوانب الاقتصادية والبيئية والاجتماعية والثقافية للمزارع. حصلت مزارع الكاكاو الوطنية على مؤشر استدامة عام (GSI) قدره 1.89، محققة قيمة 3.0 فقط في المؤشر الاجتماعي الثقافي (SCI). في تقييم الاستدامة، حققت مزارع الكاكاو CCN -51 مجموعة سلامة دولية قدرها 2.26، لتصل إلى قيمة 3.8 في التصنيف الدولي للكاكاو. من بين 101 مزرعة تمت دراستها، 20 ٪ منها مستدامة اقتصاديًا، و 4 ٪ مستدامة بيئيًا، و 100 ٪ مستدامة اجتماعيًا وثقافيًا ؛ ومع ذلك، فإن 1 ٪ فقط من المزارع استوفت جميع متطلبات الاستدامة واعتبرت مستدامة. تظهر النتائج أنه يجب إجراء تحسينات كبيرة في المتغيرات التي تم تقييمها، خاصة في تلك التي حصلت على قيم أقل من 2، مما سيؤدي إلى تحسين الوحدات الإنتاجية في كانتون بويبلوفيخو.

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