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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Milad Izadi;
    Milad Izadi
    ORCID
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    Milad Izadi in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Hamed Mohsenian-Rad;
    Hamed Mohsenian-Rad
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    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Hamed Mohsenian-Rad in OpenAIRE

    A new concept, called synchronized Lissajous curve , is proposed to study synchro-waveform measurements that are obtained from waveform measurement units (WMUs) in power distribution systems. Two types of synchronized Lissajous curves are discussed. The first one is created by plotting the difference of two synchronized voltage waveforms versus the difference of two synchronized current waveforms. The second one is created by plotting the difference of two synchronized voltage waveforms versus the difference of the derivatives of two synchronized current waveforms. These two curves carry valuable and complementary information about the state of the power system and the root cause of events and disturbances. We characterize the area , rotational angle , and shape of the introduced synchronized Lissajous curves to study events and disturbances in power distribution feeders.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: IEEE Copyright
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Alireza Akrami;
    Alireza Akrami
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    Alireza Akrami in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Salman Asif;
    Salman Asif
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    Salman Asif in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Hamed Mohsenian-Rad;
    Hamed Mohsenian-Rad
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Hamed Mohsenian-Rad in OpenAIRE

    A new state estimation method is proposed for power distribution networks that suffer from low-observability. The proposed distribution system state estimation (DSSE) method leverages the high reporting rate of only a small number of distribution-level phasor measurement units (D-PMUs), a.k.a., micro-PMUs, to unmask and characterize sparsity among the state variables. The DSSE problem is formulated over differential synchrophasors as an adaptive group sparse recovery problem to track the changes that are made in the states of the system due to the events that are captured in D-PMU measurements. The formulated DSSE is further augmented to use adequate side information on the support of the vector of unknowns that is obtained from the outcome of an event-zone identification analysis prior to solving the DSSE problem. The sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the obtained sparse recovery solution are derived with respect to the available side information. Moreover, a calibration mechanism is developed to address drifting in the tracking state estimation to enhance robustness.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sebastien Carnicella; orcid Patricia H. Janak;
    Patricia H. Janak
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    Patricia H. Janak in OpenAIRE
    Dorit Ron; Somayeh Ahmadiantehrani;

    Background:  We previously found that activation of the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) pathway in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) reduces ethanol‐drinking behaviors. In this study, we set out to assess the contribution of endogenous GDNF or its receptor GFRα1 to the regulation of ethanol‐related behaviors.Methods:  GDNF and GFRα1 heterozygote mice (HET) and their wild‐type littermate controls (WT) were used for the studies. Ethanol‐induced hyperlocomotion, sensitization, and conditioned place preference (CPP), as well as ethanol consumption before and after a period of abstinence were evaluated. Blood ethanol concentration (BEC) was also measured.Results:  We observed no differences between the GDNF HET and WT mice in the level of locomotor activity or in sensitization to ethanol‐induced hyperlocomotion after systemic injection of a nonhypnotic dose of ethanol and in BEC. However, GDNF and GFRα1 mice exhibited increased place preference to ethanol as compared with their WT littermates. The levels of voluntary ethanol or quinine consumption were similar in the GDNF HET and WT mice, however, a small but significant increase in saccharin intake was observed in the GDNF HET mice. No changes were detected in voluntary ethanol, saccharin or quinine consumption of GFRα1 HET mice as compared with their WT littermates. Interestingly, however, both the GDNF and GFRα1 HET mice consumed much larger quantities of ethanol after a period of abstinence from ethanol as compared with their WT littermates. Furthermore, the increase in ethanol consumption after abstinence was found to be specific for ethanol as similar levels of saccharin intake were measured in the GDNF and GFRα1 HET and WT mice after abstinence.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that endogenous GDNF negatively regulates the rewarding effect of ethanol and ethanol‐drinking behaviors after a period of abstinence.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Hmiel, B.;
    Hmiel, B.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Hmiel, B. in OpenAIRE
    Petrenko, V. V.; Dyonisius, M. N.; Buizert, C.; +15 Authors

    Atmospheric methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas, and its mole fraction has more than doubled since the preindustrial era. Fossil fuel extraction and use are among the largest anthropogenic sources of CH4 emissions, but the precise magnitude of these contributions is a subject of debate. Carbon-14 in CH4 (14CH4) can be used to distinguish between fossil (14C-free) CH4 emissions and contemporaneous biogenic sources; however, poorly constrained direct 14CH4 emissions from nuclear reactors have complicated this approach since the middle of the 20th century. Moreover, the partitioning of total fossil CH4 emissions (presently 172 to 195 teragrams CH4 per year) between anthropogenic and natural geological sources (such as seeps and mud volcanoes) is under debate; emission inventories suggest that the latter account for about 40 to 60 teragrams CH4 per year. Geological emissions were less than 15.4 teragrams CH4 per year at the end of the Pleistocene, about 11,600 years ago, but that period is an imperfect analogue for present-day emissions owing to the large terrestrial ice sheet cover, lower sea level and extensive permafrost. Here we use preindustrial-era ice core 14CH4 measurements to show that natural geological CH4 emissions to the atmosphere were about 1.6 teragrams CH4 per year, with a maximum of 5.4 teragrams CH4 per year (95 per cent confidence limit)—an order of magnitude lower than the currently used estimates. This result indicates that anthropogenic fossil CH4 emissions are underestimated by about 38 to 58 teragrams CH4 per year, or about 25 to 40 per cent of recent estimates. Our record highlights the human impact on the atmosphere and climate, provides a firm target for inventories of the global CH4 budget, and will help to inform strategies for targeted emission reductions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Naturearrow_drop_down
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    Nature
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Other literature type . 2020
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    Nature
    Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Naturearrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Nature
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Naihao Chiang;
    Naihao Chiang
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    Naihao Chiang in OpenAIRE
    orcid Leonardo Scarabelli;
    Leonardo Scarabelli
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    Leonardo Scarabelli in OpenAIRE
    orcid Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson;
    Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson
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    Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson in OpenAIRE
    orcid Luis A. Pérez;
    Luis A. Pérez
    ORCID
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    Luis A. Pérez in OpenAIRE
    +4 Authors

    Micro- and nanoscale patterned monolayers of plasmonic nanoparticles were fabricated by combining concepts from colloidal chemistry, self-assembly, and subtractive soft lithography. Leveraging chemical interactions between the capping ligands of pre-synthesized gold colloids and a polydimethylsiloxane stamp, we demonstrated patterning gold nanoparticles over centimeter-scale areas with a variety of micro- and nanoscale geometries, including islands, lines, and chiral structures (e.g., square spirals). By successfully achieving nanoscale manipulation over a wide range of substrates and patterns, we establish a powerful and straightforward strategy, nanoparticle chemical lift-off lithography (NP-CLL), for the economical and scalable fabrication of functional plasmonic materials with colloidal nanoparticles as building blocks, offering a transformative solution for designing next-generation plasmonic technologies.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Smithsonian figsharearrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    ACS Materials Letters
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Smithsonian figsharearrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      ACS Materials Letters
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    Authors: Jordan Woods; orcid Ronnen Levinson;
    Ronnen Levinson
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    Ronnen Levinson in OpenAIRE
    Dev Millstein; orcid George Ban-Weiss;
    George Ban-Weiss
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    George Ban-Weiss in OpenAIRE
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    Abstract The albedo of a roof determines the fraction of incoming sunlight that is reflected, which affects heat transfer into the building and exchange of energy between the built environment and the atmosphere. While the albedo of individual roofs can be easily measured, roof albedo at the city scale is unknown. In this paper we characterize the albedos of roofs in seven cities in California: Los Angeles, Long Beach, Bakersfield, San Francisco, San Jose, Sacramento, and San Diego. The fraction of urban area covered by roofs ranged by city from 10% to 25%. City-wide average roof albedo ranged from 0.17 ± 0.08 to 0.20 ± 0.11 (mean ± standard deviation) for five of the cities; values were higher in Sacramento (0.24 ± 0.11) and San Diego (0.29 ± 0.15). Buildings with small roofs were found to constitute a large fraction of city roof area and to have low mean albedos. This suggests that efforts to increase urban albedo through the use of reflective roofs should include small roofs, which are presumably mostly residential. Roof albedos derived for Bakersfield were used in a regional climate model (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) to estimate temperature changes attainable by converting the current stock of roofs to “cool” high albedo roofs. It was found that seasonal mean afternoon (15:00 LST) temperatures could be reduced by up to 0.2 °C during both the summer and winter. Changes in precipitation were not significant at the 95% confidence level.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
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    Solar Energy
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    License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Solar Energy
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Solar Energy
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      Solar Energy
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid bw Yin, Hao;
    Yin, Hao
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Yin, Hao in OpenAIRE

    Overview This dataset contains the following data and results: (1) National age-adjusted and age-invariant VSL estimates in 2019. (2) Global, regional, income-group, and national source-specific fractional contributions to PM2.5, health costs, and disparities estimated using both MR-BRT and GEMM CRFs, along with classifications of each country into different regions and income groups. (3) National total deaths and health costs, as well as source-specific deaths and costs using both MR-BRT and GEMM CRFs. (4) Gridded fractional source contributions to health costs from ambient PM2.5. The methodology and analysis of these results are described in the following article: Hao Yin, Erin McDuffie, Randall Martin, Michael Brauer, Global Health Costs of Ambient PM2.5 from Combustion Sources: A Modelling Study Supporting Air Pollution Control Strategies. Lancet Planetary Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00098-6 Data File Descriptions File “1 - Age-adjusted and age-invariant VSL.xlsx” documents age-adjusted and age-invariant VSL estimates for 204 countries in 2019. File “2 - Source-specific fractional contributions to PM2.5, health costs, and disparities.xlsx” summarizes global, regional, income-group, and national source-specific fractional contributions to PM2.5, health costs, and disparities estimated using both MR-BRT and GEMM CRFs, along with classifications of each country into different regions and income groups. File “3 - National total and source-specific deaths and health costs.xlsx” includes national total deaths and health costs, as well as source-specific deaths and costs using both MR-BRT and GEMM CRFs. The raster files for gridded fractional source contributions to health costs from ambient PM2.5 include multiple layers. The first raster file, "4-gridded_health_cost_fuel_vsl_age_contribution.tif" documents the gridded individual source contribution to health costs estimated using the age-adjusted VSL measure at a resolution of 0.01°x0.01°. The second raster file, "5-gridded_health_cost_fuel_vsl_contribution.tif" documents the gridded individual source contribution to health costs estimated using the age-invariant VSL measure at the same resolution. The layer names in these files (#4 and #5) are as follows: (1) Base (all sources included) (2) Solid biofuel (3) Total coal (4) Liquid fuel and natural gas (5) Windblown dust (6) AFCID (AFCID dust) (7) Agricultural waste burning (8) Other fires (9) Other sources The raster file "6-gridded_health_cost_comb_noncomb_vsl_age_contribution.tif " documents the gridded contributions of combustion and non-combustion sources to health costs from PM2.5 using the age-adjusted VSL measure. The raster file "7-gridded_health_cost_comb_noncomb_vsl_contribution.tif" documents the gridded contributions of combustion and non-combustion sources to health costs from PM2.5 using the age-invariant VSL measure. These two raster files (#6 and #7) contain three layers: (1) Base (all sources included) (2) Combustion sources (3) Non-combustion sources For more detailed information on the source definition, please refer to our paper. Hao Yin, Erin McDuffie, Randall Martin, Michael Brauer, Global Health Costs of Ambient PM2.5 from Combustion Sources: A Modelling Study Supporting Air Pollution Control Strategies. Lancet Planetary Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00098-6

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dataset . 2024
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      Dataset . 2024
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: orcid bw Hutchins, David A.;
    Hutchins, David A.
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Hutchins, David A. in OpenAIRE

    This dataset presents growth rates for Emiliania huxleyi thermal response curve across 12 temperatures from 8.5-28.6C.Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate.

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    Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Woods Hole Open Access Server
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: orcid A. Park Williams;
    A. Park Williams
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    A. Park Williams in OpenAIRE
    A. Park Williams; Chris Funk; Chris Funk; +7 Authors

    We utilize a variety of climate datasets to examine impacts of two mechanisms on precipitation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) during northern-hemisphere summer. First, surface-pressure gradients draw moist air toward the GHA from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Congo Basin. Variability of the strength of these gradients strongly influences GHA precipitation totals and accounts for important phenomena such as the 1960s–1980s rainfall decline and devastating 1984 drought. Following the 1980s, precipitation variability became increasingly influenced by the southern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) region. Within this region, increases in sea-surface temperature, evaporation, and precipitation are linked with increased exports of dry mid-tropospheric air from the STIO region toward the GHA. Convergence of dry air above the GHA reduces local convection and precipitation. It also produces a clockwise circulation response near the ground that reduces moisture transports from the Congo Basin. Because precipitation originating in the Congo Basin has a unique isotopic signature, records of moisture transports from the Congo Basin may be preserved in the isotopic composition of annual tree rings in the Ethiopian Highlands. A negative trend in tree-ring oxygen-18 during the past half century suggests a decline in the proportion of precipitation originating from the Congo Basin. This trend may not be part of a natural cycle that will soon rebound because climate models characterize Indian Ocean warming as a principal signature of greenhouse-gas induced climate change. We therefore expect surface warming in the STIO region to continue to negatively impact GHA precipitation during northern-hemisphere summer.

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    Climate Dynamics
    Article
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: UnpayWall
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    Climate Dynamics
    Article
    Data sources: CORE
    Climate Dynamics
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Climate Dynamics
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      Climate Dynamics
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Davis, Steven J;
    Davis, Steven J
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Davis, Steven J in OpenAIRE
    orcid Shearer, Christine;
    Shearer, Christine
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Shearer, Christine in OpenAIRE

    Integrated assessment models show that, without new climate policies, abundant supplies of natural gas will have little impact on greenhouse-gas emissions and climate change. See Letter p.482 The development of hydraulic fracturing technologies has led to rapid growth in the use natural gas as an energy source. Some evidence has suggested that this growing adoption of natural gas might lead to a reduced greenhouse gas burden and consequent mitigation of climate change. This collaboration between five energy–climate modelling teams show that instead — under a scenario of abundant natural gas availability — increased consumption will have little or no impact on climate change. The authors suggest that expanded natural gas production and use is neither a substitute for a climate policy in the decades ahead nor a major new complication to the anthropogenic emissions problem.

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    Nature
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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    Nature
    Article . 2014
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      Nature
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2014
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